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Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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Fogaça,M.V.; Lisboa,S.F.; Aguiar,D.C.; Moreira,F.A.; Gomes,F.V.; Casarotto,P.C.; Guimarães,F.S.. |
This paper presents an up-to-date review of the evidence indicating that atypical neurotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO) and endocannabinoids (eCBs) play an important role in the regulation of aversive responses in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Among the results supporting this role, several studies have shown that inhibitors of neuronal NO synthase or cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor agonists cause clear anxiolytic responses when injected into this region. The nitrergic and eCB systems can regulate the activity of classical neurotransmitters such as glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that control PAG activity. We propose that they exert a ‘fine-tuning’ regulatory control of defensive responses in this area. This control, however, is... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Endocannabinoid; Anandamide; Nitric oxide; Endovanilloid; TRPV1. |
Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012000400010 |
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Uchida,R.R.; Del-Ben,C.M.; Santos,A.C.; Araújo,D.; Crippa,J.A.; Guimarães,F.S.; Graeff,F.G.. |
Reported neuroimaging studies have shown functional and morphological changes of temporal lobe structures in panic patients, but only one used a volumetric method. The aim of the present study was to determine the volume of temporal lobe structures in patients with panic disorder, measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Eleven panic patients and eleven controls matched for age, sex, handedness, socioeconomic status and years of education participated in the study. The mean volume of the left temporal lobe of panic patients was 9% smaller than that of controls (t21 = 2.37, P = 0.028). In addition, there was a trend (P values between 0.05 and 0.10) to smaller volumes of the right temporal lobe (7%, t21 = 1.99, P = 0.06), right amygdala (8%, t21 = 1.83, P =... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
Palavras-chave: Panic disorder; Temporal lobe; Magnetic resonance imaging; Volumetric analysis. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000700014 |
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de-Oliveira,R.W.; Guimarães,F.S.. |
The dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) has been implicated in the behavioral and autonomic expression of defensive reactions. Several results suggest that, along with GABA, glutamate and serotonin, nitric oxide (NO) may play a role in defense reactions mediated by this region. To further investigate this possibility we microinjected methylene blue (MB; 10, 30 or 100 nmol/0.5 µl) into the DPAG of rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze test, an animal model of anxiety. MB has been used as an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to demonstrate cGMP-mediated processes, and there is evidence that NO may exert its biological effects by binding to the heme part of guanylate cyclase, causing an increase in cGMP levels. The results showed that MB (30 nmol)... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
Palavras-chave: Anxiety; Elevated plus-maze; Nitric oxide; Animal model. |
Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999001200012 |
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Blanchard,C.; Blanchard,R.; Fellous,J.-M.; Guimarães,F.S.; Irwin,W.; LeDoux,J.E.; McGaugh,J.L.; Rosen,J.B.; Schenberg,L.C.; Volchan,E.; Da Cunha,C.. |
This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium in which active researchers were invited by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) to discuss the advances of the last decade in the neurobiology of emotion. Four basic questions were debated: 1) What are the most critical issues/questions in the neurobiology of emotion? 2) What do we know for certain about brain processes involved in emotion and what is controversial? 3) What kinds of research are needed to resolve these controversial issues? 4) What is the relationship between learning, memory and emotion? The focus was on the existence of different neural systems for different emotions and the nature of the neural coding for the emotional states. Is emotion the result of the... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Emotion; Fear; Anxiety; Learning; Memory; Amygdala; Nucleus accumbens; Periaqueductal gray matter. |
Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000300001 |
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Crippa,J.A.S.; Uchida,R.; Busatto,G.F.; Guimarães,F.S.; Del-Ben,C.M.; Zuardi,A.W.; Santos,A.C.; Araújo,D.; McGuire,P.K.; Graeff,F.G.. |
Panic disorder is thought to involve dysfunction in the septohippocampal system, and the presence of a cavum septum pellucidum might indicate the aberrant development of this system. We compared the prevalence and size of cavum septum pellucidum in 21 patients with panic disorder and in 21 healthy controls by magnetic resonance imaging. The length of the cavum septum pellucidum was measured by counting the number of consecutive 1-mm coronal slices in which it appeared. A cavum septum pellucidum of >6 mm in length was rated as large. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients (16 of 21 or 76.2%) and controls (18 of 21 or 85.7%) with a cavum septum pellucidum (P = 0.35, Fisher's exact test, one-tailed), and no members of either... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
Palavras-chave: Cavum septum pellucidum; Panic disorder; Neuroimaging; Magnetic resonance imaging. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000300013 |
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Alves,G.G.; Kinoshita,A.; Oliveira,H.F. de; Guimarães,F.S.; Amaral,L.L.; Baffa,O.. |
Radiotherapy is one of the main approaches to cure prostate cancer, and its success depends on the accuracy of dose planning. A complicating factor is the presence of a metallic prosthesis in the femur and pelvis, which is becoming more common in elderly populations. The goal of this work was to perform dose measurements to check the accuracy of radiotherapy treatment planning under these complicated conditions. To accomplish this, a scale phantom of an adult pelvic region was used with alanine dosimeters inserted in the prostate region. This phantom was irradiated according to the planned treatment under the following three conditions: with two metallic prostheses in the region of the femur head, with only one prosthesis, and without any prostheses. The... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Alanine electron spin resonance dosimetry; Prostate; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Treatment-planning system; Inhomogeneity correction. |
Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2015000700644 |
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Padovan,C.M.; Guimarães,F.S.. |
Rodents submitted to restraint stress show decreased activity in an elevated plus-maze (EPM) 24 h later. The objective of the present study was to determine if a certain amount of time is needed after stress for the development of these changes. We also wanted to verify if behavioral tolerance of repeated daily restraint would be detectable in this model. Male Wistar rats were restrained for 2 h and tested in the EPM 1, 2, 24 or 48 h later. Another group of animals was immobilized daily for 2 h for 7 days, being tested in the EPM 24 h after the last restraint period. Restraint induced a significant decrease in the percent of entries and time spent in the open arms, as well as a decrease in the number of enclosed arm entries. The significant effect in the... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
Palavras-chave: Stress; Restraint; Elevated plus-maze; Behavioral changes; Tolerance. |
Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000000100011 |
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Lopes,A.J.; Menezes,S.L.S.; Dias,C.M.; Oliveira,J.F.; Mainenti,M.R.M.; Guimarães,F.S.. |
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) plays an important role in the assessment of functional capacity in patients with interstitial lung disease. The aim of this study was to identify CPET measures that might be helpful in predicting the vital capacity and diffusion capacity outcomes of patients with thoracic sarcoidosis. A longitudinal study was conducted on 42 nonsmoking patients with thoracic sarcoidosis (median age = 46.5 years, 22 females). At the first evaluation, spirometry, the measurement of single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D LCOsb) and CPET were performed. Five years later, the patients underwent a second evaluation consisting of spirometry and D LCOsb measurement. After 5 years, forced vital capacity (FVC)% and D LCOsb% had... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Sarcoidosis; Exercise; Respiratory function tests; Respiratory mechanics. |
Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012000300012 |
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Graeff,F.G.; Parente,A.; Del-Ben,C.M.; Guimarães,F.S.. |
This review covers the effect of drugs affecting anxiety using four psychological procedures for inducing experimental anxiety applied to healthy volunteers and patients with anxiety disorders. The first is aversive conditioning of the skin conductance responses to tones. The second is simulated public speaking, which consists of speaking in front of a video camera, with anxiety being measured with psychometric scales. The third is the Stroop Color-Word test, in which words naming colors are painted in the same or in a different shade, the incongruence generating a cognitive conflict. The last test is a human version of a thoroughly studied animal model of anxiety, fear-potentiated startle, in which the eye-blink reflex to a loud noise is recorded. The... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Anxiety; Experimental anxiety; Humans; Anxiolytic drugs; Anxiety disorders. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000400003 |
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Andreatini,R.; Blanchard,C.; Blanchard,R.; Brandão,M.L.; Carobrez,A.P.; Griebel,G.; Guimarães,F.S.; Handley,S.L.; Jenck,F.; Leite,J.R.; Rodgers,J.; Schenberg,L.C.; Da Cunha,C.; Graeff,F.G.. |
This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium sponsored by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC). Invited researchers from the European Union, North America and Brazil discussed two issues on anxiety, namely whether panic is a very intense anxiety or something else, and what aspects of clinical anxiety are reproduced by animal models. Concerning the first issue, most participants agreed that generalized anxiety and panic disorder are different on the basis of clinical manifestations, drug response and animal models. Also, underlying brain structures, neurotransmitter modulation and hormonal changes seem to involve important differences. It is also common knowledge that existing animal models generate different types of... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Panic; Anxiety; Fear; Anxiolytics; 5-HT; Benzodiazepines; Serotonin; Amygdala; Periaqueductal gray matter; Animal models. |
Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000200001 |
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Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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