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| Registros recuperados: 79 | |
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| Dimaranan, Betina V.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Keeney, Roman. |
| An AGE model with detailed farm supply and substitution relationships is used to analyze impacts of OECD domestic support reform on developing economy welfare. Stylized simulations indicate reforms best suited for reducing trade distortions with least impact on farm incomes. Comprehensive reforms result in welfare losses for LDCs and large declines in OECD farm incomes. Shifting from market price support to land-based payments designed to maintain farm incomes results in increased welfare for most developing countries. LDCs should focus on improved market access to OECD economies while permitting said economies to continue domestic support payments not linked to output/variable inputs. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22000 |
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| Valenzuela, Ernesto; Hertel, Thomas W.. |
| Trade policy reform prospects have generated debate about the impacts on poverty. Some critics assert that price changes induced by trade reform are minimal and may not be distinguishable from price fluctuations induced by other shocks to the global economy. This paper addresses this issue by developing an approach to assess whether poverty changes induced by trade reform can be statistically discernable, based on a comparison in the grains sector. Fluctuations in grains markets are implemented by incorporating stochastic simulations into a CGE model of the global economy. The resulting price distributions are inputted to a micro-simulation based on national household surveys. The conclusions are based on the comparison of the resulting poverty... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21397 |
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| Elbehri, Aziz; Hertel, Thomas W.. |
| An applied general equilibrium model with oligopoly and scale economies, based on detailed plant-level data, is used to contrast the impacts of the Morocco-EU free trade area (FTA) to multilateral trade liberalization on Morocco's economy. Simulation results show that the FTA agreement is likely to have adverse effects on Morocco due to: (a) deteriorating terms of trade, (b) reductions in output per firm in industries dominated by scale economies, (c) diversion of imports away from non-EU suppliers, and (d) potentially adverse effects on the aggregate demand for labor. We contrast this FTA with a multilateral liberalization scenario along the lines of those proposed under the Doha Development Round and find this more beneficial to Morocco, with overall... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28692 |
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| Hertel, Thomas W.. |
| The purpose of this survey is to review the available empirical evidence on the impacts of agricultural trade liberalization on poverty – considering both the impact of domestic and international liberalization. Since trade liberalization is generally an economywide phenomenon, with tariff cuts occurring across a wide range of commodities, we do not restrict ourselves to episodes where only agricultural trade was liberalized, although emphasis in this survey is given to agricultural trade policies. Furthermore, given the difficulty of isolating the effects of trade policies alone, we will also consider the impact of other types of external shocks which have the effect of changing the relative prices of tradeable and non-tradeable goods. By examining the... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Rural development; Agriculture; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110127 |
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| Hertel, Thomas W.; McKinzie, Lance. |
| This paper argues that the use of "laboratory" data sets can add substantially to the teaching of production economics at the graduate level. Optimal experimental designs for generating pseudo data from a process model are discussed. These are shown to depend of the functional form to be estimated. We choose the translog form for our multiproduct profit function and compare alternative approaches to estimation, using pseudo data from a farm-level linear programming model. Particular restrictions on this profit function are also considered. Finally, aggregation of output prices is shown to alter substantially input price elasticities of demand. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession. |
| Ano: 1986 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32546 |
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| Birur, Dileep K.; Beach, Robert H.; Hertel, Thomas W.; McCarl, Bruce A.. |
| With the increasing research interests in biofuels, global implications of biofuels production have been generally examined either in a partial equilibrium (PE) or general equilibrium (GE) frameworks. Though both of these approaches have unique strengths, they also suffer from many limitations due to complexity of addressing all the relevant aspects of biofuels. In this paper we have exploited the strengths of both PE and GE approaches for analyzing the economic and environmental implications of the U.S. policies on corn-ethanol and biodiesel production. In this study, we utilize the Forest and Agricultural Sector Optimization Model (FASOMGHG: Adams et al. 1996, 2005; Beach et al. 2009), a non-linear programming, PE model for the United States. We also use... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Indirect land use change; Land use emissions; Partial Equilibrium; Computable General Equilibrium; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61812 |
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| Akridge, Jay T.; Hertel, Thomas W.. |
| A multiproduct variable cost function was used to compare the efficiency of Midwestern cooperative and investor-oriented grain and farm supply firms. Results suggest that cooperatives are no less efficient in a variable cost sense than their investor-oriented counterparts. Concerning fixed input-variable cost elasticities, investor-oriented firms may be more effective in their use of plant and equipment, but cooperatives make more efficient use of other fixed inputs. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 1992 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46280 |
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| Rae, Allan N.; Hertel, Thomas W.. |
| Increasing livestock product consumption in many Asian countries has been accompanied by growth in some countries’ imports of feedgrains for their domestic livestock sectors. This contributes to debate over future levels of grain imports. Yet projections often pay little attention to developments in livestock production. The impacts of technological catch‐up in livestock production on trade in livestock and grains products among countries in the Asia‐Pacific region are assessed. Tests are conducted of the hypothesis that productivity levels in the Asia‐Pacific region are converging. Projections of livestock productivity are made and incorporated in a modified GTAP model. The consequences for regional and global trade in livestock and grains products are... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117844 |
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| Hertel, Thomas W.; Ivanic, Maros; Preckel, Paul V.; Cranfield, John A.L.. |
| Poverty reduction is an increasingly important consideration in the deliberations over multilateral trade liberalization. However, the analytical procedures used to assess the impacts of multilateral trade liberalization on poverty are rudimentary, at best. Most poverty studies have focused on a single country using detailed household survey data. When it comes to multi-country, global trade liberalization analyses, researchers are forced to resort to a discussion of average, or per capita effects, suggesting that if per capita real income rises, then poverty will fall. As we show in this paper, such an inference can be misleading. Our paper combines results from a new international, cross-section consumption analysis, with earnings data from household... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28700 |
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| Hertel, Thomas W.. |
| The number of people which the world must feed is expected to increase by another 2 billion people by 2050. When coupled with significant nutritional improvements for the 2.1 billion people currently living on less than $2/day, this translates into a very substantial rise in the demand for agricultural production. Most past growth in the demand for food has been met by improvements in productivity, but there is evidence of declining growth rates for agricultural yields; climate-change is likely to have important impacts on productivity through changes in temperature and precipitation; land-based climate mitigation policies are also projected to lead to increasing pressure on agricultural lands. Meanwhile supplies of water for irrigation are under pressure,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100557 |
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| Dimaranan, Betina V.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Keeney, Roman. |
| This paper aims to shed light on the potential interests of developing countries in reforms to domestic support for agriculture in the OECD economies. In order to accomplish this goal, we begin by reviewing the literature on the impacts of domestic support on key variables, including farm income, in the OECD economies themselves. We then proceed to revise the standard GTAP model of global trade, based on recent work at the OECD, in order to permit it to better capture these impacts. A series of stylized simulations are subsequently offered to illustrate the differential impacts of alternative types of domestic support. These suggest the possibility of policy re-instrumentation, whereby farm income is stabilized in the face of cuts to overall support levels... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28689 |
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| Ahmed, Syud Amer; Hertel, Thomas W.; Martin, William J.. |
| Climate volatility affects agricultural variability, and extreme climate outcomes have the potential to detrimentally affect food supply and prices in a given country. International trade has the potential to reduce the impacts of climate-induced food production variability, although it may further expose the country to international price volatility. This study focuses on Tanzania and finds that global production volatility currently has very little effect on domestic grain prices due to the country’s limited integration with the international grains market. Almost all the price volatility in grains is attributable to domestic production volatility. At the same time, an export ban that was a response to the 2007-2008 food price crisis increases potential... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61818 |
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| Ahmed, Syud Amer; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Ramankutty, Navin; Rios, Ana R.; Rowhani, Pedram. |
| Climate volatility will increase in the future, with agricultural productivity expected to become increasingly volatile as well. For Tanzania, where food production and prices are sensitive to the climate, rising climate volatility can have severe implications for poverty. We develop and use an integrated framework to estimate the poverty vulnerabilities of different socio-economic strata in Tanzania under current and future climate. We find that households across various strata are similarly vulnerable to being impoverished when considered in terms of their stratum’s populations, with poverty vulnerability of all groups higher in the 21st Century than in the late 20th Century. When the contributions of the different strata to the national poverty changes... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Climate; Volatility; Poverty vulnerability; Tanzania; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49358 |
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| Registros recuperados: 79 | |
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