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| Registros recuperados: 55 | |
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| Bergeron, Gilles; Pender, John L.. |
| This study investigates the micro-determinants of land use change using community, household and plot histories, an ethnographic method that constructs panel data from systematic oral recalls. A 20-year historical timeline (1975-1995) is constructed for the village of La Lima in central Honduras, based on a random sample of 97 plots. Changes in land use are examined using transition analysis and multinomial logit analysis. Transition analysis shows that land use transitions were relatively infrequent in areas under extensive cultivation, but more so in areas of intensive cultivation; and that most changes favored intensification. Econometric analysis suggests that land use intensification was influenced by plot level variables (especially altitude, slope,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Honduras; Land use; Econometrics--Case studies; Horticultural products; Land management; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97464 |
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| Pender, John L.; Marre, Alexander W.; Reeder, Richard J.. |
| This report presents a conceptual framework for rural wealth creation, drawing upon the U.S. and international development literature. The framework emphasizes the importance of multiple types of assets (physical, fi nancial, human, intellectual, natural, social, political, and cultural capital) and the economic, institutional, and policy context in which rural wealth strategies are devised. The report discusses the role of wealth creation in the rural development process, how wealth can be created in rural communities, and how its accumulation and effects can be measured. |
| Tipo: Technical Report |
Palavras-chave: Wealth creation; Rural development; Regional development; Community economic development; Sustainable development; Livelihoods; Wealth indicators; Conceptual framework; Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121860 |
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| Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Pender, John L.; Tesfaye, Girmay. |
| This paper examines the nature of community management of woodlots and investigates the determinants of collective action and its effectiveness in managing woodlots, based on a survey of 100 villages in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. We find that collective management of woodlots generally functions well in Tigray. Despite limited current benefits received by community members, the woodlots contribute substantially to community wealth, increasing members willingness to provide collective effort to manage the woodlots. We find that benefits are greater and problems less on woodlots managed at the village level than those managed at a higher municipality level, and that the average intensity of management is greater on village-managed woodlots. Nevertheless, we... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16117 |
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| Benin, Samuel; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Smale, Melinda; Pender, John L.; Ehui, Simeon K.. |
| On farm conservation of crop diversity poses obvious policy challenges in terms of the design of appropriate incentive mechanisms and possible trade-offs between conservation and productivity. This paper compares factors explaining the inter-specific diversity (diversity among species) and infra-specific diversity (diversity among varieties within a species) of cereal crops grown in communities and on individual farms in the northern Ethiopian highlands. Using named varieties and ecological indices of spatial diversity (richness, evenness, and inverse dominance), we find that a combination of factors related to the agro-ecology of a community, its access to markets, and the characteristics of its households and farms significantly affect both the inter-... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Household Farms; Communities; Ethiopia; Agrobiodiversity; On Farm Conservation; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16101 |
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| Benin, Samuel; Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Okecho, Geresom; Pender, John L.; Nahdy, Silim; Mugarura, Samuel; Kato, Edward; Kayobyo, Godfrey. |
| The National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) program of Uganda is an innovative public-private extension service delivery approach, with the goal of increasing market oriented agricultural production by empowering farmers to demand and control agricultural advisory services. Although initial evaluations of NAADS have been quite favourable, these evaluations have been primary qualitative in nature. This study quantifies the initial impacts of NAADS in the districts and sub-counties where the program was operating by 2005. It is based on descriptive analyses of results of a survey of 116 farmer groups and 894 farmers in sixteen districts where the program was operating at the time and four districts where NAADS had not yet begun operating to control... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Impact assessment; Agricultural extension; Uganda; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42375 |
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| Holden, Stein T.; Shiferaw, Bekele A.; Pender, John L.. |
| This study analyzes how market imperfections affect land productivity in a degraded low-potential cereal- livestock economy in the Ethiopian highlands. A wide array of variables is used to control for land quality in the analysis. Results of three different selection models were compared with least squares models using the HC3 heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator. Market imperfections in labor and land markets were found to affect land productivity. Land productivity was positively correlated with household male and female labor force per unit of land. Female-headed households achieved much lower land productivity than male- headed households. Old age of household heads was also correlated with lower land productivity. Imperfections in... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Market imperfections; Land productivity; Ethiopian highlands; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16066 |
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| Pender, John L.; Fafchamps, Marcel. |
| This paper develops a theoretical model of land leasing that includes transaction costs of enforcing labor effort, risk pooling motives and non-tradable productive inputs. We test the implications of this model compared to those of the - Marshallian - (unenforceable labor effort) and "New School" (costlessly enforceable effort) perspectives using data collected from four villages in Ethiopia. We find that land lease markets operate relatively efficiently in the villages studied, supporting the New School perspective relative to the other two models. Land contract choice is found to depend upon the social relationships between landlords and tenants, but differences in contracts are not associated with significant differences in input use or output value per... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land lease markets; Land tenure; Sharecropping; Agricultural efficiency; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16045 |
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| Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Phillip, Dayo; Mogues, Tewodaj; Pender, John L.; Yahaya, Muhammed Kuta; Adebowale, Gbenga; Arokoyo, Tunji; Kato, Edward. |
| The community-driven development (CDD) approach has become increasingly popular because of its potential to develop projects that are sustainable, are responsive to local priorities, empower local communities, and more effectively target poor and vulnerable groups. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of Fadama II, which is a CDD project and the largest agricultural project in Nigeria. This study used propensity score matching (PSM) to select 1728 comparable project beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The study also used double difference methods to compare the impact indicators. Our results show that Fadama II project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community driven development; Poverty reduction; Propensity score matching; Difference-in-difference; Fadama; And Nigeria; Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42344 |
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| Benin, Samuel; Place, Frank; Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Pender, John L.. |
| Land markets, including land sales and short-term land rentals, have an important role to play for efficient and sustainable land management and agricultural development, especially where markets for other factors of production are imperfect or missing. This study utilises data from the highlands of Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda to examine the impact of land markets on various types of land investment and management practices, crop yield, and land quality. The results highlight the relative long-term versus short-term return to different types of investment and practices, where those with longer-term benefits such as trees, manuring, and composting are preferred on more tenure-secure plots, while those with immediate or season-to-season benefits such as... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Land markets; Land investment and management; Land use efficiency; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25645 |
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| Jansen, Hans G.P.; Pender, John L.; Damon, Amy L.; Schipper, Robert A.. |
| Promising ways of promoting sustainable development in less-favored areas have long been a focus of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Hillside areas are an important facet of less-favored areas because they often have limited biophysical potential and attract limited public investment. As a result, poverty, low agricultural productivity, and natural resource degradation tend to be interrelated problems in such areas. In Honduras, poverty is deep and widespread, and this is especially the case in the hillside areas— home to one-third of the country’s population. The majority of these people earn their living through agriculture, as either smallholders or farm laborers. Rural poverty in the hillsides results primarily from unequal... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Honduras; Rural development; Government policy; Hill farming; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37883 |
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| Benin, Samuel; Smale, Melinda; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Pender, John L.; Ehui, Simeon K.. |
| On farm conservation of crop diversity entails policy challenges, especially when the diversity of crops maintained on farms has both inter-specific (among crops) and infra-specific (within a crop) components. Survey data is used to compare the determinants of inter- and infra-specific diversity on household farms in the highlands of northern Ethiopia. Physical features of the farm, and household characteristics such as livestock assets and the proportion of adults that are men, have large and significant effects on both the diversity among and within cereal crops grown, varying among crops. Demographic aspects such as age of household head and adult education levels affect only infra-specific diversity of cereals. Though there are no apparent trade-offs... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25833 |
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| Kassie, Menale; Pender, John L.; Yesuf, Mahmud; Kohlin, Gunnar; Bluffstone, Randall; Mulugeta, Elias. |
| Land degradation, in the form of soil erosion and nutrient depletion, threatens food security and the sustainability of agricultural production in many developing countries. Governments and development agencies have invested substantial resources in promoting soil conservation practices, in an effort to improve environmental conditions and reduce poverty. However, very limited rigorous empirical work has examined the economics of adopting soil conservation technology. This paper investigates the impact of stone bunds1 on crop production value per hectare in low and high rainfall areas of the Ethiopian highlands using cross-sectional data from more than 900 households having multiple plots per household. We use modified random effects models, stochastic... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Soil conservation; Crop production; Agro-ecology; Matching method; Stochastic dominance; Modified random effects model; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42366 |
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| Registros recuperados: 55 | |
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