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Evolution of the Arctic Ocean Salinity, 2007-08: Contrast between the Canadian and the Eurasian Basins ArchiMer
Lique, Camille; Garric, Gilles; Treguier, Anne-marie; Barnier, Bernard; Ferry, Nicolas; Testut, Charles-emmanuel; Ardhuin, Fanny.
The authors investigate the variability of salinity in the Arctic Ocean and in the Nordic and Labrador Seas over recent years to see how the freshwater balance in the Arctic and the exchanges with the North Atlantic have been affected by the recent important sea ice melting, especially during the 2007 sea ice extent minimum. The Global Ocean Reanalysis and Simulations (GLORYS1) global ocean reanalysis based on a global coupled ocean sea ice model with an average of 12-km grid resolution in the Arctic Ocean is used in this regard. Although no sea ice data and no data under sea ice are assimilated, simulation over the 2001-09 period is shown to represent fairly well the 2007 sea ice event and the different components accounting for the ocean and sea ice...
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Ano: 2011 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00035/14637/11946.pdf
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On the origins of water masses exported along both sides of Greenland: A Lagrangian model analysis ArchiMer
Lique, Camille; Treguier, Anne-marie; Blanke, Bruno; Grima, Nicolas.
The origin of the water masses exported from the Arctic to the North Atlantic along both sides of Greenland is investigated using an original numerical method. A quantitative Lagrangian analysis is applied to the monthly climatological 3-D output of a global ocean/sea ice high-resolution model. It allows quantification of the different branches of the export to the North Atlantic, as well as related timescales and water mass transformations. In the model, the outflow through Davis Strait consists in equal parts of Pacific and Atlantic water, whilst the export through Fram Strait consists almost fully of Atlantic water (contrary to observations). Pacific water is transferred quickly (O(10 years)) to the North Atlantic through the Beaufort Gyre, where...
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Ano: 2010 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00005/11591/8232.pdf
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Agulhas eddy fluxes in a 1/6 degrees Atlantic model ArchiMer
Treguier, Anne-marie; Boebel, O; Barnier, B; Madec, G.
A 1/6degrees resolution primitive equation model of the Atlantic circulation is analyzed in the Agulhas region. The model has a realistic level of eddy kinetic energy, and produces anticyclonic Agulhas rings as well as cyclonic structures. In the model as well as in the data, ring trajectories undergo a transition between a turbulent character in the Cape Basin and a steady propagation in the rest of the South Atlantic. The topography of the Walvis Ridge does not seem to play a part in generating this contrast in the model. The model shows that cyclones are primarily generated from the negative shear vorticity side of the Agulhas Current as it leaves the coast, and they are most of the time paired with anticyclones in dipolar or tripolar structures....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: South Africa; South Atlantic Ocean; Numerical model; Ocean currents; Oceanic eddies; Eddy flux.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/publication-453.pdf
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Sensitivity of near-surface Tropical Instability Waves to submonthly wind forcing in the tropical Atlantic ArchiMer
Athie, Gabriela; Marin, Frederic; Treguier, Anne-marie; Bourles, Bernard; Guiavarc'H, Catherine.
This study demonstrates the sensitivity of the near-surface properties in the tropical Atlantic Ocean to the high-frequency of the winds in numerical simulations. At intra-seasonal timescales (2-50 days), two distinct period ranges dominate the variability in the upper ocean: periods between 2 and 20 days, which are essentially wind-forced and periods between 20 and 50 days, due mostly to Tropical Instability Waves (TIWs). Using a numerical model forced by different wind fields, it is shown that the characteristics of the intra-seasonal variability in the ocean surface mixed-layer are strongly dependent on the wind forcing. Submonthly winds are shown to force large variability in the upper ocean that can strikingly decrease the amplitude of the TIWs in the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Equatorial Atlantic; Intra seasonal variability; Tropical instabilities; Ocean mixed layer; Sensitivity numerical experiments.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/11117/7967.pdf
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Meridional circulation and transports in ORCA025 climatological experiments ArchiMer
Treguier, Anne-marie; Molines, J. M.; Madec, G.
This report contributes to the preliminary validation of the ORCA025 configuration of the DRAKKAR project (www.ifremer.fr/lpo/drakkar). Only experiments forced by a repeated seasonal cycle forcing are considered here. Most of the plots are for the global ocean but some emphasize the Southern Ocean. The model (ORCA025) is the 1/4 global configuarion of the DRAKKAR project. It uses the NEMO system: OPA9 coupled with the LIM sea ice model, www.lodyc.jussieu.fr/NEMO. The configuration is described in Barnier et al. (2006). The main experiment considered here, ORCA025-G42, is short: it lasts 10 years.
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Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/rapport-6501.pdf
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OMIP contribution to CMIP6: experimental and diagnostic protocol for the physical component of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project ArchiMer
Griffies, Stephen M.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Durack, Paul J.; Adcroft, Alistair J.; Balaji, V.; Boning, Claus W.; Chassignet, Eric P.; Curchitser, Enrique; Deshayes, Julie; Drange, Helge; Fox-kemper, Baylor; Gleckler, Peter J.; Gregory, Jonathan M.; Haak, Helmuth; Hallberg, Robert W.; Heimbach, Patrick; Hewitt, Helene T.; Holland, David M.; Ilyina, Tatiana; Jungclaus, Johann H.; Komuro, Yoshiki; Krasting, John P.; Large, William G.; Marsland, Simon J.; Masina, Simona; Mcdougall, Trevor J.; Nurser, A. J. George; Orr, James C.; Pirani, Anna; Qiao, Fangli; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Taylor, Karl E.; Treguier, Anne-marie; Tsujino, Hiroyuki; Uotila, Petteri; Valdivieso, Maria; Wang, Qiang; Winton, Michael; Yeager, Stephen G..
The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) is an endorsed project in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). OMIP addresses CMIP6 science questions, investigating the origins and consequences of systematic model biases. It does so by providing a framework for evaluating (including assessment of systematic biases), understanding, and improving ocean, sea-ice, tracer, and biogeochemical components of climate and earth system models contributing to CMIP6. Among the WCRP Grand Challenges in climate science (GCs), OMIP primarily contributes to the regional sea level change and near-term (climate/decadal) prediction GCs. OMIP provides (a) an experimental protocol for global ocean/sea-ice models run with a prescribed atmospheric forcing;...
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Ano: 2016 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00352/46300/45938.pdf
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A model-based study of ice and freshwater transport variability along both sides of Greenland ArchiMer
Lique, Camille; Treguier, Anne-marie; Scheinert, Markus; Penduff, Thierry.
We investigate some aspects of the variability of the Arctic freshwater content during the 1965-2002 period using the DRAKKAR eddy admitting global ocean/sea-ice model (12 km resolution in the Arctic). A comparison with recent mooring sections shows that the model realistically represents the major advective exchanges with the Arctic basin, through Bering, Fram and Davis Straits, and the Barents Sea. This allows the separate contributions of the inflows and outflows across each section to be quantified. In the model, the Arctic freshwater content variability is explained by the sea-ice flux at Fram and the combined variations of ocean freshwater inflow (at Bering) and outflow (at Fram and Davis). At all routes, except trough Fram Strait, the freshwater...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Fram Strait; Davis Strait; Freshwater flux; Freshwater budget; Arctic Ocean.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6713.pdf
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Inertial Resonance Induced by an Oceanic Jet ArchiMer
Klein, Patrice; Treguier, Anne-marie.
The dynamics of the mixed layer in the presence of an embedded geostrophic jet has been investigated using a simple 1 1/2-layer model and a two-dimensional primitive equation model. The jet vorticity induces a spatial variability of the wind-driven inertial motions that can have some important consequences on the mixed-layer dynamics. With a steady wind stress parallel to the front. the main effect is the generation of steady upwellings and downwellings due to the divergence of the mean Ekman drift (as reported by Niiler). With a cross-front wind, however, a dramatic exponential amplification of the inertial oscillations caused by an inertial resonance mechanism is found: this mechanism can increase the inertial waves amplitude by a factor up to 10 within...
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Ano: 1993 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00192/30369/29050.pdf
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An eddy-permitting model of the Atlantic circulation: Evaluating open boundary conditions ArchiMer
Treguier, Anne-marie; Barnier, B; De Miranda, A; Molines, J; Grima, N; Imbard, M; Madec, Gerard; Messager, Christophe; Reynaud, Thierry; Michel, Sylvain.
As part of the French CLIPPER project, an eddy permitting model of the Atlantic circulation has been run for 22 years. The domain has open boundaries at Drake passage and at 30 degreesE, from Africa to Antarctica. The simulated mean circulation, as well as the eddy activity, is satisfactory for a 1/3 degrees model resolution, and the meridional heat transport at 30 degreesS is within the range estimated from observations. We use the "mixed" open boundary algorithm of Barnier et al. [1998], which has both a radiation condition and a relaxation to climatology. The climatological boundary forcing strongly constrains the solution in the whole domain. The model heat balance adjusts through the surface (heat flux retroaction term) more than the open boundaries....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: General circulation; Numerical modeling; Oceanography.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/publication-454.pdf
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Modeling of the bottom water flow through the Romanche Fracture Zone with a primitive equation model - Part I: Dynamics ArchiMer
Ferron, Bruno; Mercier, Herle; Treguier, Anne-marie.
This paper investigates the dynamics of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) flow through the Romanche Fracture Zone (RFZ) in a primitive equation model with a high horizontal and vertical resolution. Two examples of Rows over simple bathymetries show that a reduced gravity model captures the essential dynamics of the primitive equation model. The reduced gravity model is then used as a tool to identify what are the bathymetric structures (sills, narrows) that mostly constrain the AABW flow through the RFZ. When only these structures are represented in the primitive equation model, the AABW how is shown to be coherent with observations (transports, density and velocity structures).
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Circulation model; Fracture zone; Bottom water; Bathymetry.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-802.pdf
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An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models ArchiMer
Brodeau, Laurent; Barnier, Bernard; Treguier, Anne-marie; Penduff, Thierry; Gulev, Sergei.
We develop, calibrate and test a dataset intended to drive global ocean hindcasts simulations of the last five decades. This dataset provides surface meteorological variables needed to estimate air-sea fluxes and is built from 6-hourly surface atmospheric state variables of ERA40. We first compare the raw fields of ERA40 to the CORE.v1 clataset of Large and Yeager (2004). used here as a reference, and discuss our choice to use daily radiative fluxes and monthly precipitation products extracted from satellite data rather than their ERA40 counterparts. Both datasets lead to excessively high global imbalances of heat and freshwater fluxes when tested with a prescribed climatological sea surface temperature. After identifying unrealistic time discontinuities...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ocean; Hindcast; Atmospheric forcing; Air sea fluxes; Weather reanalyzes; Satellite.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/11154/14032.pdf
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Dynamical contribution to sea surface salinity variations in the eastern Gulf of Guinea based on numerical modelling ArchiMer
Berger, Henrick; Treguier, Anne-marie; Perenne, Nicolas; Talandier, Claude.
In this study, we analyse the seasonal variability of the sea surface salinity (SSS) for two coastal regions of the Gulf of Guinea from 1995 to 2006 using a high resolution model (1/12°) embedded in a Tropical Atlantic (1/4°) model. Compared with observations and climatologies, our model demonstrates a good capability to reproduce the seasonal and spatial variations of the SSS and mixed layer depth. Sensitivity experiments are carried out to assess the respective impacts of precipitations and river discharge on the spatial structure and seasonal variations of the SSS in the eastern part of the Gulf of Guinea. In the Bight of Biafra, both precipitations and river runoffs are necessary to observe permanent low SSS values but the river discharge has the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Gulf of Guinea; Salinity; Modelling; Congo; Bight of Biafra; Mixed layer budget.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00194/30493/29215.pdf
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Dynamics of an Equatorial River Plume: Theory and Numerical Experiments Applied to the Congo Plume Case ArchiMer
Vic, Clement; Berger, Henrick; Treguier, Anne-marie; Couvelard, Xavier.
The Congo River has the second largest rate of flow in the world and is mainly responsible for the broad tongue of low-salinity water that is observed in the Gulf of Guinea. Despite their importance, near-equatorial river plumes have not been studied as thoroughly as midlatitude plumes and their dynamics remain unclear. Using both theory and idealized numerical experiments that reproduce the major characteristics of the region, the authors have investigated the dynamics of the Congo River plume and examine its sensitivity to different forcing mechanisms. It is found that near-equatorial plumes are more likely to be surface trapped than midlatitude plumes, and the importance of the effect in describing the strong offshore extent of the low-salinity tongue...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Geographic location; Entity; Rivers; Circulation; Dynamics; Coastal flows; Density currents; Eddies; Nonlinear dynamics; Topographic effects.
Ano: 2014 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00187/29850/28298.pdf
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Impact of partial steps and momentum advection schemes in a global ocean circulation model at eddy-permitting resolution ArchiMer
Barnier, B; Madec, G; Penduff, T; Molines, J; Treguier, Anne-marie; Le Sommer, J; Beckmann, A; Biastoch, A; Boning, C; Dengg, J; Derval, C; Durand, E; Gulev, S; Remy, E; Talandier, Claude; Theetten, Sebastien; Maltrud, M; Mcclean, J; De Cuevas, B.
Series of sensitivity tests were performed with a z-coordinate, global eddy-permitting (1/4 degrees) ocean/sea-ice model (the ORCA-R025 model configuration developed for the DRAKKAR project) to carefully evaluate the impact of recent state-of-the-art numerical schemes on model solutions. The combination of an energy-enstrophy conserving (EEN) scheme for momentum advection with a partial step (PS) representation of the bottom topography yields significant improvements in the mean circulation. Well known biases in the representation of western boundary currents, such as in the Atlantic the detachment of the Gulf Stream, the path of the North Atlantic Current, the location of the Confluence, and the strength of the Zapiola Eddy in the south Atlantic, are...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Eddy/topography interactions; Partial step topography; Momentum advection scheme; Eddy permitting ocean model; Global ocean.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-3514.pdf
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Improvements of simulated Western North Atlantic current system and impacts on the AMOC ArchiMer
Talandier, Claude; Deshayes, Julie; Treguier, Anne-marie; Capet, Xavier; Benshila, Rachid; Debreu, Laurent; Dussin, Raphael; Molines, J. -m.; Madec, Gerard.
Previous studies have shown that low horizontal resolution (of the order of 1°) ocean models, hence climate models, are not able to adequately represent boundary currents nor mesoscale processes which affect the dynamics and thermohaline circulation of the ocean. While the effect of mesoscale eddies can be parameterized in low resolution models, boundary currents require relatively high horizontal resolution. We clarify the impact of increasing the resolution on the North Atlantic circulation, with emphasis on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), by embedding a 1/8° nest covering the North Atlantic into a global 1/2° model. Increasing the resolution in the nest leads to regional improvements of the circulation and thermohaline...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Deep Western Boundary Current; Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; North Atlantic Current; Gulf Stream; Subpolar gyre.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00173/28472/26812.pdf
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Deep currents in the Gulf of Guinea: along slope propagation of intraseasonal waves ArchiMer
Guiavarc'H, Catherine; Treguier, Anne-marie; Vangriesheim, Annick.
In the Gulf of Guinea, intraseasonal variability is large at the equator and along the coast. Current data on the continental slope near 7.5° S show very energetic biweekly oscillations at 1300 m depth. A high resolution primitive equation numerical model demonstrates that this deep variability is forced by equatorial winds, through the generation of equatorial Yanai waves that propagate eastward and at depth, and then poleward as coastally-trapped waves upon reaching the coast of Africa. Intraseasonal variability is intensified along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, especially in the 10–20 day period range and at depths between 500 and 1500 m. The kinetic energy distribution is well explained at first order by linear theory. Along the equator, eastward...
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Ano: 2009 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6739.pdf
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Influence of numerical schemes on current-topography interactions in 1/4 degrees global ocean simulations ArchiMer
Penduff, T; Le Sommer, J; Barnier, B; Treguier, Anne-marie; Molines, J; Madec, G.
The combined use of partial steps and of an energy-enstrophy conserving momentum advection scheme was shown by Barnier et al. (2006) to yield substantial improvements in the surface solution of the DRAKKAR 4 global sea-ice/ocean model. The present study extends this investigation below the surface with a special focus on the Atlantic and reveals many improvements there as well: e.g. more realistic path, structure and transports of major currents (Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Current, Confluence region, Zapiola anticyclone), behavior of shedded rings, narrower subsurface boundary currents, stronger mean and eddy flows (MKE and EKE) at depth, beneficial enhancement of cyclonic (anticyclonic) flows around topographic depressions (mountains). Interestingly,...
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Ano: 2007 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3712.pdf
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Instability of wind-forced inertial oscillations ArchiMer
Treguier, Anne-marie; Klein, Patrice.
An instability mechanism that can amplify wind-forced inertial oscillations in the upper ocean is investigated. This forced instability happens because of the phase relationship between the mixed-layer depth and the surface current. It allows the inertial oscillations propagating against the wind to extract energy from it and amplify. The key ingredients for the instability to work are (a) a non-zero mean wind stress, (b) a spatial variability of the oscillations in the direction of the wind stress. The amplification is demonstrated using a simple shallow-water model in a few situations: the dispersion of a localized disturbance with steady and time-varying wind forcing, generation of inertial waves at a coast, and spatial variability induced by mesoscale...
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Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00196/30687/30398.pdf
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Biweekly current oscillations on the continental slope of the Gulf of Guinea ArchiMer
Vangriesheim, Annick; Treguier, Anne-marie; Andre, Gael.
Current meter measurements have been carried out for 3 years on the continental slope of the Gulf of Guinea, near 7.5 degrees S off the Angola coast. Currents in a water depth of 1300 m over the continental slope show a remarkable biweekly oscillation, bottom intensified, and with currents oriented nearly parallel to the isobaths. With a peak-to-peak amplitude reaching 20-30 cm s(-1) at 30 in above the bottom, this signal is the most energetic at sub-inertial frequencies. Simultaneous measurements deeper on the continental rise (in a water depth of 4000 m) show a more complex signal dominated by lower frequencies, and with less clear polarization. Simple linear topographic wave theories are compared to the observations. A combination of coastal trapped...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Linear wave model; Current meter measurement; Current oscillation; Continental slope.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-1032.pdf
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Numerical study of the annual and semi-annual fluctuations in the deep equatorial Atlantic Ocean ArchiMer
Thierry, Virginie; Treguier, Anne-marie; Mercier, Herle.
Using idealized and realistic high-resolution primitive equation models, we explore the annual and semi-annual period fluctuations in the deep equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The deep seasonal variability derives its energy from the equatorial zonal wind stress component and the wind energy reaches the deep layers by means of vertically propagating Kelvin and Rossby waves. The first meridional mode (l = 1) annual Rossby wave reaches the western boundary while the other Rossby waves directly propagate toward the bottom. A deep Kelvin wave is generated by the reflection of the incoming l = 1 annual Rossby wave at the western boundary. Due to the complexity of the surface layers in the non-linear simulations, one cannot separate the waves generated at the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Wind driven circulation; Seasonal variability; Equatorial waves.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-670.pdf
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