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| Registros recuperados: 30 | |
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| Garcia-Chevesich,P; Pizarro,R; Stropki,C.L; Ramirez de Arellano,P; Ffolliott,P.F; DeBano,L.F; Neary,D.G; Slack,D.C. |
| A wildfire burned about 15,000 ha of Monterrey Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantations near Yungay, Chile, in January of 2007. Post-fire water repellency (hydrophobicity) was measured using the water-drop-penetration-time (WDPT) method at depths of 0, 5, and 10 mm from the soil surface. These measurements were collected on burned sites of both young (4-years old) and old (11-years old) plantations having both sand- and clay-rich soils. For purpose of comparison, water repellency was also measured one year after the wildfire on four unburned sites representing the same soil types and plantation ages as those occurring on the burned sites. The statistical analyses indicated that water repellency was present only on old stands, being located on the soil... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Soil hydrophobicity; Fire effects; Wetting behavior. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200001 |
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| Castillo,C; Rubio,R; Borie,F; Sieverding,E. |
| The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in six Capsicum annuum or Lycopersicum escuíentum L. horticultural production systems of small farmers, and of two wheat agrosystems was comparatively investigated in Southern Chile (La Araucania). Soils in this region are mostly originated by volcanic ashes which are characterized by high organic matter content and high P-fixing capacity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbioses are playing a key role for P uptake by horticultural crops grown there. The objective of this study was to determine AM fungal communities in cropping systems and to identify soil factors affecting their frequency and diversity. Of the totally 32 AM fungal species identified, 5 to 21 AM fungi species were found in horticultural... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Glomeromycetes; Pepper; Ettuce; Agro-ecosystems. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200002 |
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| Shene,C; Leyton,A; Esparza,Y.; Flores,L; Quilodrán,B; Hinzpeter,I; Rubilar,M. |
| Thraustochytrids are marine protists found throughout the world in estuarine and marine habitats. These microorganisms have attracted interest, because their lipids contain different long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Those able to produce docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA) are the most studied because of the physiological importance of this PUFA in human beings. Their heterotrophic cultivation offers several challenges since biomass, lipid content, and fatty acid profile are dependent on growth conditions. In this work the effects of C source and its concentration on DHA production by different thraustochytrid strains are reviewed. Results obtained by different investigators on the use of alternative and low cost nutrient sources for... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Thraustochytrium; Schizochytrium; Docosahexaenoic; Acid; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Lipids; Carbon source; Nitrogen source. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100002 |
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| Wu,X.M; Yu,Y.L; Li,M; Long,Y.H; Fang,H; Li,S.N. |
| An incubation test was conducted to investigate the effect of aging on bioavailability of chlorpyrifos in soil and to assess the feasibility of chemical extraction techniques for predicting bioavailability of chlorpyrifos in soil. Chlorpyrifos was spiked into sterilized soil and aged in microcosms for up to 120 days. The earthworms were incubated in the spiked soils, at 0, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 120 days after spiking, for a period of 7 days. After exposure, chlorpyrifos concentrations in the earthworm tissues were determined. Change in chemical extractability of soil-chlorpyrifos was measured using a several solvent systems including methanol, methanol-water (9:1), acetone-water (5:3), and water. The results show that chemical extractability and earthworm... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Chlorpyrifos; Residue; Soil; Earthworm; Bioavailability; Prediction. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162011000100004 |
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| Meriño-Gergichevich,C; Alberdi,M; Ivanov,A.G; Reyes-Diaz,M. |
| High aluminum (Al) concentrations as Al3+ represent an important growth and yield limiting factor for crops in acid soils (pH ≤5.5). The most recognized effect of Al-toxicity in plants is observed in roots. However, damages in the upper parts (including stem, leaves and fruits) may also be present. In addition, Al-toxicity triggers an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress that can damage the roots and chloroplasts, decreasing normal functioning of photo synthetic parameters. Al-toxicity may also increase or inhibit antioxidant activities, which are responsible to scavenge ROS. As result of the negative effects of toxic Al, root metabolic processes, such as water and nutrient absorption, are disturbed with a... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Acid soils; Aluminum; Amendments; Calcium; Gypsum. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100003 |
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| Lu,Caiyan; Ma,Jian; Chen,Xin; Zhang,Xudong; Shi,Yi; Huang,Bin. |
| A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and maize straw incorporation on the accumulation of NH4+-15N and N0(3)--15N in soil inorganic N pool among three consecutive cropping cycles, aimed to search for an effective N management practice to decrease superfluous accumulation of soil inorganic N and fertilizer N losses. The results showed that the amounts of soil NH4+-15N, N0(3)-15N and inorganic 15N, and their percent to applied 15N-labeled fertilizer declined significantly with sampling time (p ≤ 0.001).Compared to low N application rate (44.64 mg N kg-1 soil), high N application rate (89.28 mg N kg-1 soil) enhanced significantly the amounts of soil NH4+-15N, N0(3)--15N and inorganic 15N by 238.6%, 132.9%... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: N fertilizer; Maize straw; NH4+-15N; N0(3)--15N accumulation; Black soil. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200005 |
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| Quezada,C; Fischer,S; Campos,J; Ardiles,D. |
| Water management efficiency is a key issue for sustainable agriculture development, since it is necessary to get a higher biomass production per unit of applied water. This study aimed to determine both water requirements and water use efficiency (WUE) and their effect on yield and quality parameters in carrots (Daucus carota L.), during the 2006 - 2007 growing season in Chilian, Chile (36° 35' 43.2" S, 72° 04' 39" W, 140 m altitude). The water treatments applied were 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 % pan evaporation (Epan) in a Haploxerand soil under drip irrigation. The results showed that the highest crop yield was obtained with 100% Epan treatment. However, the highest WUE was found in the 75% Epan treatment equivalent to 3864 m³ ha-1, which is the recommended... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Water content; Roots quality; Water stress; Andisols. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162011000100002 |
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| Tortella,G.R; Rubilar,O; Cea,M; Wulff,C; Martínez,O; Diez,M.C. |
| Degradation of the insecticide chlorpynfos (160 a.i mg kg-1) using a biomix of a biobed system biostimulated with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) was investigated. Three concentrations of the fertilizer (0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% ww-1) were evaluated on chlorpynfos degradation, TCP (3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyrinidol) accumulation and biological activity of the biomix. The chlorpynfos was dissipated efficiently (>75%) after 40 days of incubation and no additional dissipation was obtained with increasing concentration of NPK after 20 days of incubation. TCP accumulation occuned in all evaluated NPK concentrations and its concentration increased with the increment of NPK addition raising the probability of leaching of this compound. Biological activity (FDA and... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Chlorpyrifos; Bio stimulation; NPK fertilizer; Biobed; Andisol. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200007 |
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| Ubalde,J.M; Sort,X; Poch,R.M. |
| The aim of this study was to elucidate the soil forming processes of representative vineyard soils, and to discuss the implications on a soil-based viticultural zoning at very detailed scale. The study area is located in Priorat, Penedes and Conca de Barbera viticultural areas (Catalonia, North-eastern Spain). The studied soils belong to representative soil map units determined at 1:5,000 scale, according to Soil Taxonomy classification. The soil forming processes, identified through morphological and micromorphological analyses, have significant effects on some soil properties. For example, the different processes of clay accumulation in soils developed from granodiorites in Priorat or gravel deposits in Conca de Barbera, are primarily responsible for... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Soil formation; Soil micromorphology; Soil survey; Soil classification. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162011000100009 |
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| Borie,Fernando; Rubio,Rosa; Morales,Alfredo; Curaqueo,Gustavo; Cornejo,Pablo. |
| Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association plays a key role in the sustainability of terrestrial plant ecosystems, in particular those presenting limitations for the establishment and subsequent growth of plants. In Chile, more than 50% of arable soils are originated from volcanic ashes, showing in general several constraints to crop production, such as low pH, high exchangeable aluminum content and low levels of available P. Under these conditions, the management of AM fungal propagules using adequate cultural management practices emerges as a successful alternative in order to maximize the positive effects of AM symbiosis on plant growth in these types of soil. This review presents the results of several years of research about the effect of different... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Andisol; Management practices; Mycorrhizal propagules; N sources; P fractions; Ultisol. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100001 |
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| Seshadri,B; Bolan,N.S; Naidu,R; Brodie,K. |
| Coal provides the primary source of energy for many countries including Asia, South America, North America and Europe, and large quantities of waste products are produced during the combustion of coal in coal-fired power stations. This review paper gives an overview of the various types of coal combustion products (CCPs) and their utilization in various sectors, with a particular emphasis on the role of CCPs in managing the bioavailability of nutrients and heavy metals in relation to enhancing soil chemical fertility and mitigating metal contaminated soils. Currently, CCPs are used extensively in agricultural and construction industries. In agricultural industries, they are used primarily as an amendment to improve the physical and chemical properties of... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Coal; Heavy metals; Combustion products. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100011 |
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| Sandoval,M.A; Celis,J.E; Morales,P. |
| Wastewater treatment generates large amounts of sewage sludge, which when are disposed in highly degraded soils (with a complete loss of the A horizon and a great part of the B horizon), represent an interesting alternative to recover the aggregate level into soil. Within the hierarchy of soil systems, the aggregate level is the one that integrates soil properties that are directly related to soil sustainability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different dose of sewage sludge and an annual legume on the structural recovery of a degraded Alfisol. Sludge was added to soil at 0, 15, 30 and 60 t ha-1 in treatments with and without yellow serradela (Ornithopus compressus L.). After 6 months, the following structural indicators were... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Biosolids; Degraded soils; Soil remediation; Physical properties. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162011000100006 |
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| Kahlaoui,B; Hachicha,M; Rejeb,S; Rejeb,M.N; Hanchi,B; Misle,E. |
| A field experiment on the effects of drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with saline water (6.57 dS m-1) on three tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cvs. Rio Tinto, Rio Grande and Nemador) was carried out with the purpose to quantify physiological responses. The aim was to improve irrigation water management under saline conditions of Tunisia. The trial was established in a silt-clayey soil with three regimes of irrigation: 100 %, 85 % and 70 % of crop water requirement. Results evidenced a significant difference between the two irrigation systems for the three cultivars. Growth parameters such as leaf area, chlorophyll content and mineral composition of leaves, petioles, stems and roots were affected significantly by... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Salt tolerance; Tomato; Localized irrigation; Deficit irrigation; Tunisia. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162011000100007 |
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| Martínez-Viveros,O; Jorquera,M.A; Crowley,D.E; Gajardo,G; Mora,M.L. |
| Rhizobacteria are capable of stimulating plant growth through a variety of mechanisms that include improvement of plant nutrition, production and regulation of phytohormones, and suppression of disease causing organisms. While considerable research has demonstrated their potential utility, the successful application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the field has been limited by a lack of knowledge of ecological factors that determine their survival and activity in the plant rhizosphere. To be effective, PGPR must maintain a critical population density of active cells. Inoculation with PGPR strains can temporarily enhance the population size, but inoculants often have poor survival and compete with indigenous bacteria for available growth... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural inoculant; Phytohormone; Phytopathogen biocontrol; Plant nutrition; Rhizosphere. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100006 |
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| Violante,A; Cozzolino,V; Perelomov,L; Caporale,A.G; Pigna,M. |
| In soil environments, sorption/desorption reactions as well as chemical complexation with inorganic and organic ligands and redox reactions, both biotic and abiotic, are of great importance in controlling their bioavailability, leaching and toxicity. These reactions are affected by many factors such as pH, nature of the sorbents, presence and concentration of organic and inorganic ligands, including humic and fulvic acid, root exudates, microbial metabolites and nutrients. In this review, we highlight the impact of physical, chemical, and biological interfacial interactions on bioavailability and mobility of metals and metalloids in soil. Special attention is devoted to: i) the sorption/desorption processes of metals and metalloids on/from soil components... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Bioavailability; Heavy metals; Metalloid; Adsorption; Desorption; Chemical speciation. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000100005 |
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| Gutiérrez,C; Rubilar,M; Jara,C; Verdugo,M; Sineiro,J; Shene,C. |
| Flax (Linum usitatissimum) has been used for centuries as a source for oil extraction. In recent years it has attracted considerable interest as a result of studies which attribute potential health benefits to its components, including the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Among these compounds presenting biological activity, alpha-linolenic acid, lignans and soluble fibre are of special interest. Southern Chile has comparative advantages for the cultivation of this crop. Together with its full processing, this crop could strengthen regional industry. The purpose of the present work is to learn how the best use can be made of these compounds, by studying flaxseed and flaxseed cake as sources of compounds of interest for food industry. Oil... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Flaxseed; Flaxseed oil; Protein; Food industry. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162010000200006 |
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| Hernández-Rivera,M.A; Ojeda-Morales,M.E; Martínez-Vázquez,J.G; Villegas-Cornelio,V.M; Córdova-Bautista,Y. |
| In México, there are extensive areas polluted by oil spills. Currently, bioremediation technologies have been developed, using microorganisms to clean up oil sites. In this study, we evaluated the development of a hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial strain, using a completely randomized 3x3x4 factor arrangement: three temperatures, three pH, and four nutrients. We collected samples of soil contaminated with 3.45 x 10(5) mg kg-1 (345,000 ppm) Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), located at the Ejido José N. Rovirosa, Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México. The samples were grown in a culture medium Nutrient Agar (NA), obtaining a bacterial strain, which was characterized and classified as Proteus sp. The strain was grown in a combined carbon culture medium and then in a... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Hydrocarbon degrading cells; Optimal growth; Proteus sp. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162011000100003 |
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| Registros recuperados: 30 | |
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