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Registros recuperados: 39
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Threshold Effects and Regional Economic Growth - Evidence from West Germany AgEcon
Funke, Michael; Niebuhr, Annekatrin.
We study an overlapping generations model of human capital accumulation with threshold effects using regional data for West Germany. Our basic goal is to shed light on the growth of West German regions. The paper finds that the relative income distribution appears to be stratifying into a trimodal distribution. Thus, application of the threshold model to a real world case, here West Germany, shows that the model might help to explain regional growth patterns. Ausgangspunkt der Analyse ist ein Modell überlappender Generationen der Humankapitalakkumulation mit Schwellenwert-Effekten. Die empirische Überprüfung des Modells basiert auf einem regionalen Datensatz für Westdeutschland. Das zentrale Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, Erkenntnisse zum Wachstum...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Regional Economic Growth; Human Capital; Germany; Labor and Human Capital; J24; O40; R11; C31.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26141
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The effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries AgEcon
Dagdemir, Ozcan; Acaroglu, Hakan.
This paper inquires the effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries via cross-country analysis by decomposing globalization to its components; foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade. The findings reveal that the relationship between the child labor supply and gross domestic product per capita (PCGDP) can be expressed as a U shape. The study indicates that the child labor increases in the developing countries whose PCGDP levels are above $7500 since the net effect of globalization is positive for the positive substitution effect is bigger than the negative income effect. Data have been collected from UNICEF and World Bank.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Child labor; Globalization; Trade; FDI; Developing countries.; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; C31; F14; F15; F16; J49.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95959
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Estimation of Treatment Effect of Asthma Case Management Using Propensity Score Methods AgEcon
Brandt, Sylvia J.; Gale, Sara; Tager, Ira.
Objective: To estimate the treatment effect from participating in an asthma intervention that was part of the National Asthma Control Program. Study Setting: Data on children who participated in asthma case management (N=270) and eligible children who did not participate in case management (N=2,742) were extracted from a claims database. Study Design: We created 81 measures of health care utilization and 40 measures of neighborhood characteristics that could be related to participation in the program. The participation model was selected using the cross-validation-based Deletion Substitution and Addition (DSA) algorithm. We used optimal full matching for the vector of Mahalanobis’ distances and propensity scores to estimate the difference between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Asthma; Treatment effect; Health intervention; Propensity scores; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; I1; D13; H51; C31; C80; C81; C83.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53124
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Obesity in Urban Food Markets: Evidence from Geo-referenced Micro Data AgEcon
Chen, Susan E.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Snyder, Samantha D..
This paper provides quantitative estimates of the effect of proximity to fast food restaurants and grocery stores on obesity in urban food markets. Our empirical model combined georeferenced micro data on access to fast food restaurants and grocery stores with data about salient personal characteristics, individual behaviors, and neighborhood characteristics. We defined a "local food environment" for every individual utilizing 0.5-mile buffers around a person's home address. Local food landscapes are potentially endogenous due to spatial sorting of the population and food outlets, and the body mass index (BMI) values for individuals living close to each other are likely to be spatially correlated because of observed and unobserved individual and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Obesity; Fast food; Grocery store; Spatial econometrics; Micro data; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; D12; I12; I18.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49512
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Understanding Factors That Influence Breeders to Sell Bulls at Performance Tests AgEcon
Lillywhite, Jay M.; Simonsen, J..
Breeders of purebred bulls have multiple avenues to market their bulls, including consignment at public auctions associated with performance tests. Purebred breeders often have the opportunity to withdraw bulls that are eligible to sell in these auctions. We examine sales data from a public auction held in conjunction with a performance bull test in Tucumcari, NM, to gain insights on breeder decisions to withdraw bulls prior to entering the sales ring. Specifically, we use a binary logit model to identify relevant characteristics that affect a breeder’s decision to withdraw a sale eligible bull from the auction.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Breeder decisions; Livestock; Performance bull test; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; C31; D23; D44; D83; M31; Q13.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47264
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Existe convergência espacial da produtividade agrícola no Brasil? AgEcon
Almeida, Eduardo Simões de; Perobelli, Fernando Salgueiro; Ferreira, Pedro Guilherme Costa.
This work analyzes the convergence of land productivity for Brazilian regions from 1991 to 2003. It evaluates if there is or not convergence of the agricultural productivity, controlling explicitly for spatial effects. To do so, an exploratory spatial data analysis was previously implemented and the presence of spatial autocorrelation for the land productivity was detected. In addition, spatial econometric models were developed for the convergence analysis.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Convergence; Land productivity; Spatial econometrics; Spatial autocorrelation.; Agribusiness; R12; C31; Q10..
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61267
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La relación entre ventajas competitivas y resultados empresariales en la industria agroalimentaria aragonesa AgEcon
Mamaqi, Xhevrie; Gonzalez, Maria A.; Albisu, Luis Miguel.
Este trabajo investiga la relación entre las ventajas competitivas y resultados empresariales en el marco de la industria agroalimentaria (IAA) en Aragón (España). Se propone un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales cuyas relaciones se construyen teniendo en cuenta la literatura existente sobre el tema tanto en su vertiente teórica como empírica. Sobre una muestra de 194 empresas agroalimentarias aragonesas y un total de 19 indicadores, seleccionados para inferir las ventajas competitivas empresariales, se ha utilizado la técnica de Partial Least Squares (PLS) para contrastar las relaciones estructurales. La importancia de las actividades de innovación, introducción de nuevos productos y relaciones con los proveedores sobresalen sobre otros tipos de...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Industria agroalimentaria (IAA); Aragón; Ventajas competitivas; Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (MEE); Agricultural and Food Policy; C31; C51; L66; R10.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57288
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Assessing the Technical and Allocative Efficiency of U.S. Organic Producers AgEcon
Park, Timothy A.; Lohr, Luanne.
We develop measures of technical and allocative efficiency of producers in marketing certified organic products. A stochastic output distance frontier and the associated revenue share equations are estimated using comprehensive U.S. data on certified organic producers. Farm-level measures of technical efficiency are calculated and factors that enhance performance are identified. Factors that systematically influence allocative efficiency are assessed. The revenue mix of organic producers is systematically inefficient as both male and female producers rely too heavily on revenue from organic markets relative to conventional outlets.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Stochastic frontier; Technical and allocative efficiency; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; D21; C31; Q01.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90678
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Off-farm Employment and Food Consumption at Home and away from Home: Evidence from Farm Households in Taiwan AgEcon
Chang, Hung-Hao; Yen, Steven T..
A body of literature has addressed off-farm work by the farm household, but little is known about the association between off-farm work and food consumption. This paper investigates the extent to which off-farm employment by the farm operator and the spouse affects food expenditures at home and away from home. A dual treatment effect model is developed to estimate a simultaneous equation system of four food categories consumed at home and aggregate food away from home, with binary endogenous off-farm employment by the operator and spouse. Off-farm employment by farm operator and spouse both increase food expenditure away from home, while operator’s off-farm employment decreases staple food consumption at home. Socio-demographic characteristics also play...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Farm household; Food expenses; Off-farm employment.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; J21; D12; C31.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51362
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Rates of Return to Public Agricultural Research in 48 U.S. States AgEcon
Plastina, Alejandro S.; Fulginiti, Lilyan E..
The internal rate of return to public investment in agricultural R&D is estimated for each of the continental U.S. states. Theoretically, our contribution provides a way of obtaining the returns to a local public good using Rothbart’s concept of virtual prices. Empirically, we use the spatial dependency among states generated by knowledge spillovers to define the ‘appropriate’ jurisdiction. We estimate an average own-state rate of 17% and a social rate of 27%. These figures should inform the policy debate on the allocation of federal funds to research in anticipation of a possible global food crisis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Internal rates of return; Public R&D; Spillins; Local public goods; Appropriate jurisdiction; Spatial.; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; H41; C33; C31.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51709
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A MODEL OF HOUSEHOLD TYPE SPECIFIC FOOD DEMAND BEHAVIOUR IN HUNGARY AgEcon
Brosig, Stephan.
The paper describes a two stage model of Hungarian households'’ food demand. Demand for the food aggregate is represented by a Working-Leser type single equation model while demand for seven distinct food types is modelled in a complete demand system using the LA/AIDS functional form. Estimation is based on household budget survey data for 1996. Demand elasticities are estimated for average households as well as for specific groups defined by sociodemographic characteristics. Fruit and vegetables are found to be the food types with most elastic demand but in general, differences between elasticities for different products as well as between different sociodemographic groups are relatively small.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Food demand; Demand modelling; Hungary; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; C31; C51.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14864
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Economic Efficiency of Smallholder Intensive Dairy Farms in Iran: Adjusted for Market Distortion AgEcon
Bakhshoodeh, Mohamad; Shahnoushi, Naser.
The dairy farmers in Iran are faced with milk price distortion due to the market imperfection. To measure an unbiased farm-specific efficiency, prices should be adjusted in an imperfect market. To examine this issue, a shadow-price profit frontier was applied to a sample of 860 Iranian small intensive dairy farms surveyed in 2005-06 in order to calculate profit efficiency of individual dairy farmers. This adjusted measure was then compared with that of unadjusted measure that assumes undistorted market. A multiple general linear model (GLM) technique was applied to the data to examine the multiple effects of pure-bred animals, and the used farm capacity on profit efficiency indices. The mean value of adjusted profit efficiency was 0.40, significantly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Profit efficiency; Dairy farms; Iran; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; N55; Q12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52996
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Export Structure, FDI and Child Labour AgEcon
Busse, Matthias; Braun, Sebastian.
The paper addresses the linkage between certain aspects of the increasing economic integration of world markets and the level of child labour. We empirically examine, first, the often-cited conventional wisdom that multinational enterprises invest in countries where the extent of child labour is relatively high and, second, the concern that countries may gain an unfair comparative advantage in trade by using child labour. The results indicate that multinationals are highly sensitive with respect to the location of their transplants and prefer countries with lower levels of child labour. The opposite outcome applies to child labour and comparative advantage in labour-intensive goods, where we find a statistically significant positive relationship. Based on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Child Labour; Economic Integration; Trade; FDI; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; C31; F15; J82.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26174
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REGIONAL HOUSING PRICE CYCLES: A SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS USING US STATE LEVEL DATA AgEcon
Kuethe, Todd H.; Pede, Valerien O..
We present a study of the effects of macroeconomic shocks on housing prices in the Western United States using quarterly state level data from 1988:1 – 2007:4. The study contributes to the existing literature by explicitly incorporating locational spillovers through a spatial econometric adaptation of vector autoregression (SpVAR). The results suggest these spillovers may Granger cause housing price movements in a large number of cases. SpVAR provides additional insights through impulse response functions that demonstrate the effects of macroeconomic events in different neighboring locations. In addition, we demonstrate that including spatial information leads to significantly lower mean square forecast errors.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Housing prices; VAR; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; C32; R21.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47596
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An Econometric Analysis of the Environmental Benefits Provided by the Conservation Reserve Program AgEcon
Fleming, Ronald A..
Over $1.7 billion has been spent on the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) since 1985. The purpose of this study is to show that these expenditures have aided the environment. Rather than quantify changes in environmental variables, a spatial econometric model is used to test if CRP enrollments are greater in counties with poorer environmental quality. In seven of nine regions, CRP enrollments are higher in counties with an environmental concern. This positive finding justifies past expenditures by the CRP and supports continued funding as an environmental program. The CRP is targeting current environmental concerns that will lead to future improvement.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program; Econometrics; Environmental quality; Soil erosion; Spatial data; Water quality; Wildlife habitat; Q28; Q58; C31; Q24; Q25.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43388
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A SPATIAL SAMPLE SELECTION MODEL AgEcon
Ward, Patrick S.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Flores-Lagunes, Alfonso.
Using data at a high spatial resolution, we estimate a cereal yield response function conditional upon climatological and topographical features using a recently developed estimator for spatial process models when sample selection is of concern. We control for localized spatial correlation in unobserved disturbances affecting both the selection to plant cereals as well as in the resulting conditional yield response. We find that cereal yields across Sub-Saharan Africa will decline with increasing temperatures resulting from global climate change, and that failing to control for sample selection leads to underestimation of these adverse effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Climate change; Spatial econometrics; Sample selection; Generalized method of moments; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; Q18; C50.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116182
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Assessing the Technical and Allocative Efficiency of Marketing Decisions by U.S. Organic Producers AgEcon
Lohr, Luanne; Park, Timothy A..
We develop measures of technical and allocative efficiency of producers in marketing certified organic products. A stochastic output distance frontier and the associated revenue share equations are estimated using comprehensive U.S. data on certified organic producers. Farm-level measures of technical efficiency are calculated and factors which enhance performance are identified. Factors that systematically influence allocative efficiency are assessed. The revenue mix of organic producers is systematically inefficient as both male and female producers rely too heavily on revenue from organic markets relative to conventional outlets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Stochastic frontier; Technical efficiency; Allocative efficiency; Farm Management; Marketing; D21; C31; Q01.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103365
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BANDWIDTH SELECTION FOR SPATIAL HAC AND OTHER ROBUST COVARIANCE ESTIMATORS AgEcon
Lambert, Dayton M.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Cho, Seong-Hoon.
This research note documents estimation procedures and results for an empirical investigation of the performance of the recently developed spatial, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) covariance estimator calibrated with different kernel bandwidths. The empirical example is concerned with a hedonic price model for residential property values. The first bandwidth approach varies an a priori determined plug-in bandwidth criterion. The second method is a data driven cross-validation approach to determine the optimal neighborhood. The third approach uses a robust semivariogram to determine the range over which residuals are spatially correlated. Inference becomes more conservative as the plug-in bandwidth is increased. The data-driven...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Spatial HAC; Semivariogram; Bandwidth; Hedonic model; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C13; C31; R21.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44258
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BANDWIDTH SELECTION FOR SPATIAL HAC AND OTHER ROBUST COVARIANCE ESTIMATORS AgEcon
Lambert, Dayton M.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Cho, Seong-Hoon.
This research note documents estimation procedures and results for an empirical investigation of the performance of the recently developed spatial, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) covariance estimator calibrated with different kernel bandwidths. The empirical example is concerned with a hedonic price model for residential property values. The first bandwidth approach varies an a priori determined plug-in bandwidth criterion. The second method is a data driven cross-validation approach to determine the optimal neighborhood. The third approach uses a robust semivariogram to determine the range over which residuals are spatially correlated. Inference becomes more conservative as the plug-in bandwidth is increased. The data-driven...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Spatial HAC; Semivariogram; Bandwidth; Hedonic model; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C13; C31; R21.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45964
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Nonlinear Properties of Multifactor Financial Models AgEcon
Chen, Kim Heng; Jandhyala, Venkata K.; Fotopoulos, Stergios B..
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the nonlinear properties of multifactor pricing models. Beginning with the generalized geometric Brownian motion, we develop a method whereby the log returns of a set of d-assets or portfolios admit a scale mixture model. This is followed by an analytical study on the conditional behavior of a subset of assets given another subset. Expressions for the first two conditional moments are provided under the scale mixture family. The regression equation when the scaling variable is constant (unity) corresponds with the renowned APT. Computable conditional moment expressions for the scaling variable are derived under both inverse gamma and gamma distributions. These moment equations are nonlinear in parameters,...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Generalized Geometric Brownian Motion; Heteroskedasticity; Scale Mixture of Normal Distributions; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; C44; G12.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49157
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