SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Serrao, Amilcar.

This paper develops an environmental performance index by applying the benefit of the doubt weighting and the Malmquist index concepts using Kuosmanen and Kortelainen’s approaches. The main difference between these approaches and other methods is that environmental performance is based on the definition of the eco-efficiency as the ratio of economic value added to the environmental damage index. The overall environmental performance index is also decomposed into two components representing changes due to technological progress (or regress) and due to changes in relative eco-efficiency. The dynamic environmental performance analysis is applied to 15 European agricultures from 1990 to 2004. Model results show that technical progress mostly explain...

Subsurface Drip Irrigation Versus Center-Pivot Sprinkler for Applying Swine Effluent to Corn

Palavras-chave: Benefit of the doubt weighting; Data Envelopment Analysis; Eco-efficiency; Environmental performance analysis; Malmquist Index; Agricultural Activity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q57; C43; C61.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6152

Carreira, Rita I.; Stoecker, Arthur L.; Epplin, Francis M.; Hattey, Jeffory A.; Kizer, Michael A..

A risk-averse irrigated corn producer would be better off choosing the more expensive subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) over center-pivot sprinkler (CPS), given limited aquifer life and swine effluent and urea fertilization. A stochastic optimization using EPIC data maximized expected utility of 100 years' worth of net revenues for a quarter section. Phosphorus accumulation was more likely with the CPS than with the SDI but soil nitrogen was constant under both systems. SDI conserves more water than CPS per acre but depletes the aquifer faster because a greater area is irrigated. These results were invariant in the sensitivity analysis.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Aquifer depletion; Center-pivot sprinkler irrigation; Certainty equivalent; Corn irrigation; Mathematical programming; Risk; Stochastic optimization; Subsurface drip irrigation; Crop Production/Industries; C61; C65; Q12; Q30; Q53.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43783

Incorporating Environmentally Compliant Manure Nutrient Disposal Costs into Least-Cost Livestock Ration Formulation

Hadrich, Joleen C.; Wolf, Christopher A.; Black, J. Roy; Harsh, Stephen B..

Livestock rations are formulated to minimize feed cost subject to nutritional requirements for a target performance level, which ignores the potentially substantial cost of disposing of nutrients fed in excess of nutritional requirements. We incorporate nutrient disposal costs into a modified least-cost ration formulation model to arrive at a joint least-cost decision that minimizes the sum of feed and net nutrient disposal costs. The method is demonstrated with phosphorus disposal costs on a representative dairy farm. Herd size, land availability and proximity, crop rotation, and initial soil phosphorus content are shown to be important in determining phosphorus disposal costs.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Environmental compliance; Linear programming; Livestock rations; Manure disposal; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; Q12; Q52.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45525

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF A BAN AGAINST ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS USED IN U.S. BEEF PRODUCTION

Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr..

Economic effects for three scenarios of antimicrobial drug use in livestock production -- a no-ban scenario and two levels of bans -- are examined through cost minimization and a partial equilibrium analysis. Results indicate that regulating antimicrobial drug use in livestock production would increase per-unit costs of producers previously using drugs and reduce beef supplies in the short run, reducing consumer surplus. Producers not previously using drugs would benefit from short-run price increases.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Antimicrobial drug; Ban; Beef production; Cost minimization; Feed efficiency; Growth function; Growth promotant; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; D21; D41; I118; Q11; Q12; Q18; R38.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15068

Analisis de escenarios de políticas para la gestion publica en la agricultura de regadio

Riesgo, Laura; Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio.

En este trabajo se presenta un enfoque metodológico para el análisis de presiones e impactos de la aplicación conjunta de diferentes escenarios de política agraria y de tarifación del agua de riego. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo se asume que los agricultores consideran distintos criterios en la gestión de su actividad productiva. En este contexto decisional se utilizan modelos de programación matemática basados en la Teoría de la Utilidad Multiatributo (MAUT), de modo que pueda simularse el comportamiento de los agricultores en el futuro. Como resultado de dicha simulación no sólo se obtienen las variables de decisión de los agricultores (planes de cultivos), sino también un conjunto de indicadores económicos, sociales y ambientales que serán de utilidad...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Multiple-Criteria Modelling; Irrigated Agriculture; Scenario Analysis; CAP; Water Policy.; Public Economics; Q25; Q15; C61.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28768

On the Economics of Rational Self-Medication

Akpalu, Wisdom.

It has been established in the medical literature that self-medicating with imperfect information about either the use of a genuine or counterfeit drug or based on wrong self-diagnosis of ailment, which is predominant especially in developing countries, is a risky investment in health capital. This paper models the decision to self-medicate and the demand for self-medicated drugs. We suppose that investment in self-medication depends on the perception of its effectiveness. The results obtained show that the decision to self-medicate depends on the relative price and perceived effectiveness of self-medication, the elasticity of the shadow value of health with respect to the quantity of health capital, and the relative effectiveness of self-medication in...

ENDOGENOUS RECOMBINANT GROWTH

Palavras-chave: Health Production; Self-Medication; Risky Investment; Government Policy; Dynamic Analysis; Demand and Price Analysis; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; I12; I18; D81; C61.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6363

Tsur, Yacov; Zemel, Amos.

We extend Weitzman's (1998) recombinant growth framework to include endogenous R&D decisions. The analysis is carried out in the (knowledge-capital) state space by means of two characteristic curves: one is identified as a turnpike along which growing economies evolve; the other attracts stagnating economies. Sustained growth depends on a condition relating the slopes of the characteristic curves as well as on a minimal endowment requirement. A growing economy reaches the turnpike at a most rapid R&D rate and evolves along it thereafter. In the long run, the rate of growth and the income shares devoted to R&D, saving and consumption approach constant values that depend on the asymptotic characteristic slopes.

Determination of Optimal Environmental Flow Acquisition in Kor Basin, Doroudzan Dam

Palavras-chave: Knowledge generation; Combined ideas; Endogenous R&D; Balanced growth; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; O31; O41.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7135

Asad Falsafi Zadeh, Neda; Sabouhi Sabouni, Mahmood.

In current study, an irrigation examination and acquisition of environmental water in Kor River fields, that is dominated from Doroudzan dam to Bakhtegan Lake, was done by an integrated economy-environmental model. The model was considered by economic, hydrologic and agronomic components. In the economic component, an optimal harvesting of water was done using non-linear programming in two scenarios; with and without environmental water constraint. Solutions from simulation of environmental data in the hydrologic component, was used as initial data in the economic component. In the agronomic component, actual crop yield in wet, normal and dry years was determined using the relationship between crop yield and irrigation water amount. Results showed that,...

An empirical comparison of different risk measures in portfolio optimization

Palavras-chave: Expected Net Income; Hydrology; Non-Linear Programming Model; Deficit Irrigation; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; C32; C61; D42; D61.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50258

Hoe, Lam Weng; Saiful Hafizah, Jaaman; Zaidi, Isa.

Risk is one of the important parameters in portfolio optimization problem. Since the introduction of the mean-variance model, variance has become the most common risk measure used by practitioners and researchers in portfolio optimization. However, the mean-variance model relies strictly on the assumptions that assets returns are multivariate normally distributed or investors have a quadratic utility function. Many studies have proposed different risk measures to overcome the drawbacks of variance. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and compare the portfolio compositions and performances of four different portfolio optimization models employing different risk measures, specifically the variance, absolute deviation, minimax and semi-variance. Results...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Portfolio; Optimization; Risk measures; Variance.; Financial Economics; CO2; C61; G11.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95934

Climate Policy When the Distant Future Matters: Catastrophic Events with Hyperbolic Discounting

Karp, Larry S.; Tsur, Yacov.

Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a significant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.

Influencia social y sostenibilidad en el uso de recursos renovables

Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Event uncertainty; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7186

Almudi, Isabel; Choliz, Julio Sanchez.

En este trabajo presentamos un modelo en el que las actividades extractivas referidas a un recurso natural renovable, si son abusivas, generan algún tipo de reacción social que modifica las preferencias sociales. Esta modificación es tenida en cuenta por el planificador a la hora de decidir cual es la asignación intertemporal óptima entre consumo y stock del recurso. Bajo estas nuevas condiciones, nos preguntamos cómo cambia el stock del recurso natural en el estado estacionario y qué puede decirse acerca de la posibilidad de sobreexplotación en comparación con los modelos tradicionales en los que no se considera reacción social. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que bajo estas nuevas condiciones el stock del estado estacionario aumenta y el comportamiento...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Renewable Resources; Sustainability; Environmental Information; Overuse; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q50; Q20; C61.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8003

Analysis of profitability and risk in new agriculture in a Himalayan watershed by using dynamic non-linear programming model

Sharma, Rakesh Kumar; Sankhayan, Prem Lall; Singh, Ranveer.

Cropping pattern in the Himalayan region of India has undergone a significant change in the recent past. Introduction of horticultural crops of vegetables, fruits and flowers have led to more intensive agriculture. Such a change, resulting in higher incomes and improvements of the overall living conditions has, however, been accompanied with increased income risk. This emphasises a need for proper analysis of the cropping pattern, at an appropriate scale, such as, a micro watershed. This was achieved by constructing a dynamic non-linear programming model incorporating appropriate objective function, constraints and crop and livestock activity budgets along with risk component present in the gross returns. The model was then solved under alternate policy...

A Dynamic Decision Model of Technology Adoption under Uncertainty: Case of Herbicide-Resistant Rice

Palavras-chave: Cropping pattern; Gross margins; Himachal Pradesh; Optimization; Covariance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; Q12; Q15.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51404

Annou, Mamane Malam; Wailes, Eric J.; Thomsen, Michael R..

Herbicide-resistant (HR) rice technology is a potential tool for control of red rice in commercial rice production. Using an ex ante mathematical programming framework, this research presents an empirical analysis of HR rice technology adoption under uncertainty. The analysis accounts for stochastic germination of red rice and sheath blight to model a profit maximization problem of crop rotation among HR rice, regular rice, and soybeans. The results demonstrate that risk attitudes and technology efficiency determine adoption rates and optimal rotation patterns.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Herbicide resistance; Mathematical programming; Profit maximization; Rice; Risk; Rotation; Technology; Adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q18; O33; C61.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43724

CAN DOMESTICATION OF WILDLIFE LEAD TO CONSERVATION? THE ECONOMICS OF TIGER FARMING IN CHINA

Abbott, Brant; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.

Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical...

MCDM Farm System Analysis for Public Management of Irrigated Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Extinction; Wildlife farming and bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; C61; F13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46994

Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio; Berbel, Julio; Arriaza Balmón, Manuel.

In this paper we present a methodology within the multi-criteria paradigm to assist policy decision-making on water management for irrigation. In order to predict farmers' response to policy changes a separate multi-attribute utility function for each homogeneous group, attained applying cluster analysis, is elicited. The results of several empirical applications of this methodology suggest an improvement of the ability to simulate farmers' decision-making process compared to other approaches. Once the utility functions are obtained the policy maker can evaluate the differential impacts on each cluster and the overall impacts in the area of study (i.e. a river basin) by aggregation. On the empirical side, the authors present some studies for different...

Non-Market Values and Optimal Marine Reserve Switching

Palavras-chave: Multi-attribute utility theory; Water management; Irrigation; Policy analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q25; Q15; C61.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24676

Yamazaki, Satoshi; Grafton, R. Quentin; Kompas, Tom.

A stochastic bio-economic model is constructed to analyse the effects of marine reserve ‘switching’ between a ‘no take’ area and a harvested area. The model accounts for both market and non-market values of the fishery. Estimated parameters from the red throat emperor fishery from the Great Barrier Reef are used. Simulations show that an optimal switching strategy is, under a range of scenarios, preferred to fixed reserve and no reserve strategies. An important outcome is that the non-market values associated with the size of the fishery substantially affect both the returns from switching and the closure time.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Marine reserves; Stochastic control; Non-market values; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; Q22.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94825

Multicriteria and Multiperiod Programming for Scenario Analysis in Guadalquivir River Irrigated Farming

Vecino, Julio Berbel; Baldovín, Maria Jose López; Gutierrez, Carlos.

A multiperiod model based upon a multicriteria objective function has been developed for a representative area of the Guadalquivir Valley, dividing the irrigated area into homogeneous types of farming as identified by cluster analysis. The model was applied to different future scenarios with a time horizon of 10 years and several different farming environments. A set of eight sustainability indicators has been evaluated for the model. The results show that the evolution of crops over time is closely related to the political environment regarding the Common Agricultural Policy and the application of the Water Framework Directive. Methodological innovation has included the successful simultaneous introduction of MCDM and multiperiod programming techniques...

Semi-subsistence Farm Households in Central and South-eastern Europe: Current State and Future Perspectives

Palavras-chave: Multiperiod programming; Multicriteria programming; Sustainable agriculture; Scenario analysis; Agribusiness; C61.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24612

Fritzsch, Jana; Wegener, Stefan; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Curtiss, Jarmila; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio.

The European Union (EU) introduced a special transitional semi-subsistence measure to promote the smallest agricultural producers, so-called semi-subsistence farm households (SFHs) in the enlargement process. An outlook on the future of SFHs requires comprehensive and reliable information on the phenomenon and the impact of policy measures on their development. Therefore, a survey using a standardised questionnaire was conducted in Poland (175 households), Romania (185 households), and Bulgaria (184 households) from July to September 2007. In a first step, four major types of SFHs could be identified by means of cluster analysis: (i) rural diversifiers, (ii) rural pensioners, (iii) farmers, and (iv) rural newcomers. In a second step, a multiobjective...

A Stochastic Multiple Players Multi-Issues Bargaining Model for the Piave River Basin

Palavras-chave: Semi-subsistence; Policy analysis; Transition countries; Multiobjective linear programming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; P27; Q12.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51444

Sgobbi, Alessandra; Carraro, Carlo.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of non-cooperative bargaining theory for the analysis of negotiations on water allocation and management. We explore the impacts of different economic incentives, a stochastic environment and varying individual preferences on players strategies and equilibrium outcomes through numerical simulations of a multilateral, multiple issues, non-cooperative bargaining model of water allocation in the Piave River Basin, in the North East of Italy. Players negotiate in an alternating-offer manner over the sharing of water resources (quantity and quality). Exogenous uncertainty over the size of the negotiated amount of water is introduced to capture the fact that water availability is not known with...