SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Zhao, Xiaobing.

We follow Schmalensee, Stoker, and Judson (1998) to forecast CO2 emissions based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Our findings suggest that the EKC will not lead to significant decreases in CO2 emissions even by 2050 for countries with the highest incomes. Therefore, mandatory emissions cuts are required to limit climate change. In the same spirit of Horowitz (2009) and Ng and Zhao (2010), we then use a reduced-form approach to estimate the economic costs of mandatory emission cuts. Based on our parameter estimates, we find that a 25% mandatory deduction in CO2 emissions from 1990 will lead to a 5.63% decrease in the combined GDP of the 19 OECD countries, and a 40% deduction will result in a 12.92% loss in income (holding other relevant variables...

Climate Change and Texas Water Planning: an Economic Analysis of Inter-basin Water Transfers

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Carbon Dioxide Emissions; Economic Cost; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103413

Cai, Yongxia; McCarl, Bruce A..

Panel models with random effects are used to estimate how climate influences in-stream surface water supply, municipal water demand, crop yields and irrigation water use. The results are added into TEXRIVERSIM, a state wide economic, hydrological, environmental and inter-basin water transfer (IBTs) investment model, through the objective function and hydrological constraints. A climate change related scenario analysis from the Global Circulation Models (GCMs)--Hadley, Canadian, BCCR and NCAR with SRES scenarios A1B, B1, and A2 indicates that inter-basin water transfers not only greatly relax water scarcity problems for major cities and industrial counties, but also create growth opportunity for Houston. However, while destination basins receive the...

Effects of Poverty on Deforestation: Distinguishing Behavior from Location

Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Inter-basin Water Transfers; Water Scarcity; Environmental Stream Flows; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q54; Q58.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49933

Kerr, Suzi; Pfaff, Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi, Romina; Davis, Benjamin; Lipper, Leslie; Sanchez, Arturo; Timmins, Jason.

We summarize existing theoretical claims linking poverty to rates of deforestation and then examine this linkage empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. Our data facilitate an empirical analysis of the implications for deforestation of where the poor live. Without controlling for this, impacts of poverty per se are confounded by richer areas being different from the areas inhabited by the poor, who we expect to find on more marginal lands, for instance less profitable lands. Controlling for locations' characteristics, we find that poorer areas are cleared more rapidly. This result suggests that poverty reduction aids forest conservation.

The Optimal Climate Policy Portfolio when Knowledge Spills Across Sectors

Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Food Security and Poverty; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23792

Massetti, Emanuele; Nicita, Lea.

This paper studies the implications for climate policy of the interactions between environmental and knowledge externalities. Using a numerical analysis performed with the hybrid integrated assessment model WITCH, extended to include mutual spillovers between the energy and the non-energy sector, we show that the combination between environmental and knowledge externalities provides a strong rationale for implementing a portfolio of policies for both emissions reduction and the internalisation of knowledge externalities. Moreover, we show that implementing technology policy as a substitute for stabilisation policy is likely to increase global emissions.

Climate Change and Agriculture In South Asia: Looking for An Optimal Trade Policy

Palavras-chave: Technical Change; Climate Change; Development; Innovation; Spillovers; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28; O31; O41; Q54.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92912

Laborde, David.

This paper aims to study how alternative trade policies will help mitigate the effects of climate change in agriculture in South Asia. We use a modified version of MIRAGE CGE for long term projections and allowing modeling of climate change effects (impact on yield) at a subregional level (163 geographical units at the world level) to simulate the effects of 13 SRES scenarios in 8 different trade policy landscapes. Based on these results, we discuss the ranking of trade policy options based on expected values but also in terms of variance using the theory of decision in uncertainty. Choices between unilateral and regional strategies for the countries of the sub regions are compared. Our results confirm that South Asia will be one of the most adversely...

Community-based Adaptation: Lessons from the Development Marketplace 2009 on Adaptation to Climate Change

Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Trade Policy; Computable General Equilibrium; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q54; C68; N5; N75; O24; F13; Q11; Q17.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104526

Heltberg, Rasmus; Prabhu, Radhika; Gitay, Habiba.

The Development Marketplace 2009 focused on adaptation to climate change. This paper identifies lessons from the Marketplace and assesses their implications for adaptation support. Our findings are based on: statistical tabulation of all proposals; in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 346 semi-finalists; and interviews with finalists and assessors. Proposals were fuelled by deep concerns that ongoing climate change and its impacts undermine development and exacerbate poverty, migration and food insecurity. Proposals addressed both local poverty and climate change challenges, and offered a wide range of approaches to render local development more resilient to current climate variability. Therefore, support to community-based adaptation...

A Tale of Two Countries: Emissions Scenarios for China and India

Palavras-chave: Community-based Adaptation; Development Marketplace; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; O1; Q5.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92711

Massetti, Emanuele.

The aim of the paper is to present evidence that China and India are, and will remain, two very different actors in international negotiations to control global warming. We base our conclusions on historical data and on scenarios until 2050. The Business-as-Usual scenario (BaU) is compared to four Emissions Tax scenarios to draw insights on major transformations in energy use and in energy supply and to assess the possible contribution of China and India to a future international climate architecture. We study whether or not the Copenhagen intensity targets require more action than the BaU scenario and we assess whether the emissions reductions induced by the four tax scenarios are compatible with the G8 and MEF pledge to reduce global emissions by 50% in...

Agricultural Productivity and Anticipated Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Spatial Sample Selection Model

Palavras-chave: Climate Change; China; India; Energy Efficiency; Energy and Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q32; Q43; Q54; Q43; O53; P52.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101378

Ward, Patrick S.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Flores-Lagunes, Alfonso.

A cereal yield response function is estimated conditional upon environmental and topographical features to detect the effects of spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence in explaining agricultural productivity across Sub-Saharan Africa. Controlling for direct and localized spillover effects, we then estimate the effect that projected changes in temperature and precipitation as a result of global climate change will have on agricultural production. We find that the estimated declines found in the climatological literature may overestimate actual declines, and factors such as spatial heterogeneity (i.e., country fixed effects) are profoundly more important to agricultural production.

Governance and Environmental Policy Integration in Europe: What Can we learn from the EU Emission Trading Scheme?

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Production; Climate Change; Applied Spatial Econometrics; Sample Selection; Generalized Method of Moments Estimation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; I3; Q18; C50.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61635

Sgobbi, Alessandra; Buchner, Barbara K.; Catenacci, Michela.

The European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is a landmark environmental policy, representing the world's first large-scale greenhouse gas (GHG) trading program. The coexistence of state actors and top-down processes with stakeholders participation and flexible abatement strategies make the EU ETS a powerful instrument of cross sectoral integration of environmental concerns, which benefits from a high level of interaction among the actors involved and a significant degree of information exchange. However, the same peculiarities of the system make it difficult to identify a correspondence with a single mode of governance. The EU ETS shows characteristics of the decision making processes and institutions engaged, the tools and instruments used as...

Invention and Transfer of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies on a Global Scale: A Study Drawing on Patent Data

Palavras-chave: Environmental Policy Integration; Climate Change; Emission Trading; EU Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; F53; Q28.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9544

Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Glachant, Matthieu; Hascic, Ivan; Johnstone, Nick; Meniere, Yann.

Accelerating the development of less GHG intensive technologies and promoting their global diffusion - in particular in fast-growing emerging economies - is imperative in achieving the transition to a low-carbon economy. Consequently, technology is at the core of current discussions about the post-Kyoto regime. The purpose of this study is to fuel this discussion by providing an in-depth analysis of the geographic distribution of climate mitigation inventions since 1978 and their international diffusion on a global scale. We use the EPO/OECD World Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT) which includes patents from 81 national and international patent offices. Note that the Least Developed Countries patent a negligible number of inventions, meaning that the...

Environmental Security and its Implications for China’s Foreign Relations

Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation Technologies; Patent Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q55.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54361

Mochizuki, Junko; Zhang, ZhongXiang.

China’s emerging standing in the world demands a major rethinking of its diplomatic strategies. Given its population size, geographical scale, economic power and military presence, China is poised to play a larger political role in the twenty-first century, and is thus perceived by the international community to have greater capacities, capabilities and responsibilities. At the same time, environmental stresses caused by China’s energy and resources demands have become increasingly evident in recent years, urging China to cultivate delicate diplomatic relations with its neighbors and strategic partners. Tensions have been seen in areas such as transboundary air pollution, cross-border water resources management and resources exploitation, and more recently...

How Harmful are Adaptation Restrictions

Palavras-chave: Acid Rain; Climate Change; Energy; Environmental Security; Transboundary Air Pollution; Water Resource Management; Asia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q34; Q48; Q42; Q53; Q54; Q56; Q58; O13; P28.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102508

de Bruin, Kelly C.; Dellink, Rob B..

The dominant assumption in economic models of climate policy remains that adaptation will be implemented in an optimal manner. There are, however, several reasons why optimal levels of adaptation may not be attainable. This paper investigates the effects of suboptimal levels of adaptation, i.e. adaptation restrictions, on the composition and level of climate change costs and on welfare. Several adaptation restrictions are identified and then simulated in a revised DICE model, extended with adaptation (AD-DICE). We find that especially substantial over-investment in adaptation can be very harmful due to sharply increasing marginal adaptation costs. Furthermore the potential of mitigation to offset suboptimal adaptation is investigated. When adaptation is...

Bush Meets Hotelling: Effects of Improved Renewable Energy Technology on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Palavras-chave: Integrated Assessment Modelling; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52546

Hoel, Michael.

Replaced with revised version of paper 02/20/09.

Investments and Financial Flows Induced by Climate Mitigation Policies

Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Exhaustible Resources; Renewable Energy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q42; Q5.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47175

Bastianin, Andrea; Favero, Alice; Massetti, Emanuele.

In this paper we use the hybrid integrated model WITCH to quantify and analyze the investments and financial flows stimulated by a climate policy to stabilize Greenhouse Gases concentrations at 550ppm CO2-eq at the end of the century. We focus on investments to decarbonize the power sector and on investments in knowledge creation. We examine the financial flows associated with the carbon market and the implications for the international trade of oil. Criticalities in investment requirements will emerge when coal power plants with carbon capture and sequestration and nuclear power plants are deployed around 2020-2040, both in high and low income regions. Investments in energy related R&D increase sharply and might cause stress in the short term....