SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

García Hernández, Claudia.

El presente trabajo constituye el primer reporte sobre el estudio del sistema proteolítico del hongo Moniliophthora roreri, agente causal de la moniliasis del cacao. El trabajo inició con la identificación de la cepa aislada a partir de frutos de cacao infectados. La amplificación y secuenciación de un fragmento del gen 18S rDNA, permitió la identificación molecular de la cepa aislada como M. roreri, designada como MRO1. A continuación, se evaluó el crecimiento celular de M. roreri en los medios de cultivo líquidos mineral y V8 enriquecido, indicando que en este último se obtiene mayor peso seco en mg mL-1. La determinación de los niveles de las actividades proteolíticas de aspartil proteasa (mrAP), aminopeptidasa (mrAPE), carboxipeptidasa (mrCP) y...

Tipo: Tesis

Palavras-chave: Moniliophthora roreri; Moniliasis; Proteasas; Proteasas secretadas; Metaloproteasas; Maestría; Producción Agroalimentaria en el Trópico; Cocoa; Frosty pod rot; Proteases; Secreted proteases; Metalloproteases.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1252

Los medios de vida sostenibles de las familias productoras de cacao orgánico en el municipio de Cunduacán, Tabasco

Martínez Arboleya, Héctor José.

Este trabajo estudió la sostenibilidad de los hogares productores de cacao orgánico. Se utilizó el enfoque de Medios de Vida Sostenibles (MVS), el cual establece una tipología de los activos que los pobres utilizan para mantener su bienestar bajo condiciones ambientales, sociales y económicas cambiantes. El objetivo fue identificar los medios de vida de las familias productoras de cacao orgánico y conocer las principales estrategias utilizadas para su sostenibilidad. La investigación se realizó en dos comunidades de Cunduacán, Tabasco. Se combinaron métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos para: conocer los activos de los productores de cacao orgánico certificado de la zona de estudio (28 productores, 14 hombres y 14 mujeres); distinguir los...

Tipo: Tesis

Palavras-chave: Medios de vida; Cacao; Tabasco; Sostenibilidad; Vulnerabilidad; Maestría; Producción Agroaliemtaria en el Trópico; Livelihoods; Tabasco; Cocoa; Sustainability; Vulnerability.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1447

Los medios de vida sostenibles de las familias productoras de cacao orgánico en el municipio de Cunduacán, Tabasco

Martínez Arboleya, Héctor José.

Tipo: Tesis

Palavras-chave: Medios de vida; Cacao; Tabasco; Sostenibilidad; Vulnerabilidad Livelihoods; Tabasco; Cocoa; Sustainability; Vulnerability.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1099

Análisis de los costos de producción de cacao en el ejido Xochimilco viejo municipio de Ostuacan, Chiapas

Are Local People Conservationists? Analysis of Transition Dynamics from Agroforests to Monoculture Plantations in Indonesia

Cruz Jiménez, Joaquín.

Para determinar el nivel de producción que permite a los productores de cacao (Theobroma cacao L), del Ejido Xochimilco Viejo municipio de Ostuacán, Chiapas, maximizar sus ganancias o minimizar sus perdidas en el corto plazo para ello se estimó un modelo de tipo cúbico tal como lo señala la teoría económica. Bajo el supuesto de competencia perfecta, los resultados de la investigación señalan que el nivel de equilibrio del productor es un rendimiento de 964.13 kilogramos por hectárea, dicha producción es la que maximiza las ganancias o minimiza las pérdidas en el corto plazo, pero alcanzar dicho nivel requiere de un verdadero esfuerzo de productividad dada las condiciones de producción en el Ejido. Al nivel de producción promedio actual de 543...

Tipo: Tesis

Palavras-chave: Cacao; Competencia perfecta; Ganancia unitaria; Costo implícito; Corto plazo; Maestría; Economía; Cocoa; Perfect competition; Unitary profit; Implicit cost; Short run.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1243

Ecology and Society

Schwarze, Stefan; Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, Germany; sschwar1@gwdg.de; Levang, Patrice; IRD, Montpellier, France; CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia; patrice.levang@mpl.ird.fr.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Agrarian transition; Agricultural intensification; Agroforestry; Cocoa; Coffee; Cropping trajectory; Indonesia; Oil palm; Rubber.

Ano: 2010

Combate a formiga caçarema (Azteca chartifex For.).

COSTA, A. da S.; FRAZÃO, D. A. C..

bitstream/item/156467/1/ComTec42.pdf

Tipo: Comunicado Técnico (INFOTECA-E)

Palavras-chave: Controle; Azteca chartifex; Ant; Control; Cocoa; Pest.; Cacau; Formiga; Praga..

Ano: 1973

URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/376741

Levantamento de plantios mistos na côlonia agrícola de Tomé-Açu-Pará.

STOLBERG-WERNIGERODE, A. G. zu; FLOHRSCHUTZ, G. H. H..

bitstream/item/50152/1/DOCUMENTOS-6-CPATU.pdf

Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)

Palavras-chave: Cultivo; Pimenta-do-reino; Freijó; Pipper nigrum; Tomé-Açu; Pará; Brasil; Consorciation; Plant; Cultivation; Cocoa; Coffee; Rubber tree; Brazilian walnut; Papaya; Maracock.; Café; Cacau; Consorciação de Cultura; Guaraná; Maracujá; Mamão; Planta; Seringueira.; Amazonia; Black pepper..

Ano: 1982

URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/382456

Biomassa vegetal em agroecossistema de seringueira consorciada com cacaueiro no nordeste paraense.

TEIXEIRA, L. B.; BASTOS, J. B.; OLIVEIRA, R. F. de.

Nos diversos compartimentos do agroecossistema de seringueira com cacaueiro, foram avaliados os estoques de materia organica e a quantificacao da biomassa vegetal. O estudo foi realizado em parcela de consorcio de seringueira com cacaueiro, com quinze anos de idade, instalado no Campo Experimental do Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal da Amazonia Oriental-CPATU, localizado no Km 40 da rodovia PA253, em Capitao Poco, PA. A quantificacao das fitomassas de seringueira e de cacaueiro foi realizada em junho de 1991, em cinco plantas de cada cultura do total de 140 plantas de seringueira e 960 plantas de cacaueiro por hectare. Em cada planta foram avaliados ramos, caule, folhas e raizes (pivotante, grossas e finas), estas ate um metro de profundidade no solo. O...

Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)

Palavras-chave: Consorciacao; Disponibilidade; Liteira; Nordeste; Pará; Brasil; Rubber tree; Cocoa; Organic mater; Disponibility; Litter.; Cacau; Biomassa; Matéria Orgânica; Seringueira.; Amazonia; Biomass; Intercropping..

Ano: 1994

URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/379038

Cultura do cacau.

COSTA, A. da S.; FRAZÃO, D. A. C.; TOURINHO FILHO, E.; DAGUER, A. R. F..

bitstream/item/146496/1/CACAU.pdf

Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)

Palavras-chave: Cultivo; Cultivar; Controle; Armazenagem; Classificação; Cocoa; Cultivation; Variety; Cultural practices; Disease; Pest; Cotrol; Processing; Production.; Cacau; Beneficiamento; Clima; Doença; Pratica Cultural; Praga; Produção; Solo.; Climate; Classification; Storage; Soil..

Ano: 1973

URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/375788

Propriedades físicas de solos submetidos a diferentes sistemas de cultivo.

Recomendações para o cultivo de espécies perenes em sistemas consorciados.

BAENA, A. R. C.; DUTRA, S..

bitstream/item/31895/1/CPATU-BP30.pdf

Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)

Palavras-chave: Consorciação; Castanha-do-brasil; Pimenta-do-reino; Altamira; Capitão Poço; Pará; Brasil; Brazil nut; Rubber tree; Cocoa; Agricultural system.; Cacau; Física; Guaraná; Seringueira; Sistema de Cultivo; Solo.; Amazonia; Black pepper; Intercropping; Physics; Soil..

Ano: 1981

URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/380408

Public and Private Institutional Responses to Advocacy Attacks: The Case of the Global Cocoa Industry and Child Labour Abuse

NOGUEIRA, O. L.; CONTO, A. J. de; CALZAVARA, B. B. G.; TEIXEIRA, L. B.; KATO, O. R.; OLIVEIRA, R. F. de.

bitstream/item/58714/1/CPATU-Doc56.pdf

Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)

Palavras-chave: Cultura perene; Consorciação; Pimenta-do-reino; Urucu; Citros; Trópico úmido; Plant; Perenial crop; Rubber-tree; Cocoa; Black papper; Anatto; Maracock; Humid tropic.; Açaí; Cacau; Bactris Gasipaes; Bixa Orellana; Cupuaçu; Euterpe Oleracea; Maracujá; Passiflora Edulis; Planta; Seringueira; Pupunha; Theobroma Grandiflorum.; Citrus; Intercropping..

Ano: 1991

URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/386575

Clark, Alexandra; Gow, Hamish R..

Over the past decade the global agri-food industry has come under increasing attack by advocacy groups related to their production and marketing processes (Bowmar and Gow, 2009). Advocacy groups have used these attacks to exploit the growing intergenerational disconnect between consumers and farming to campaign for narrowly defined political ideals while challenging traditional agricultural practices (Olin, 1999). This disconnect has provided advocacy groups the opportunity to use boycotts and other media attacks to severely adverse impact not only branded manufacturers and retailers, but their farmer suppliers. The agri-food industry’s challenge is to understand how to develop appropriate individual and collective responses to these attacks that minimize...

Increased Cocoa Bean Exports under Trade Liberalization: A Gravity Model Approach

Palavras-chave: Certification; Advocacy; Cocoa; Chocolate; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Marketing.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104726

Yeboah, Osei-Agyeman; Shaik, Saleem; Wozniak, Shawn J.; Allen, Albert J..

Gravity models were developed to estimate the potential bilateral exports of cocoa under trade liberalization by the sixteen major cocoa producing countries to the US using panel data from 1989 to 2003. The results indicate that differences between resource endowment, relative size of economies, and the sum of bilateral GDP of U.S. and exporting countries are the major determinants. Thus, as trade is liberalized, farmers share of the world price of cocoa increases and this raises exports.

Establishing the Presence of a Risk Premium in the Cocoa Futures Market: An Econometric Analysis

Palavras-chave: Gravity models; Bilateral exports; Market liberalization; Cocoa; Fixed Effects Model; Random Effects Model; Pooled O.L.S.; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; F10; F13.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6819

Armah, Stephen E..

Previous attempts at identifying and estimating a time-varying risk premium in the cocoa futures market yielded conflicting results. Using a longer series that includes the most recent cash and futures data, the existence of a time-varying risk premium in the cocoa futures market is re-investigated using LM ARCH tests and a Quadratic ARCH in Mean Error Correction Model. In contrast to available research the time series properties of the data are carefully accounted for by employing the most recent econometric techniques in testing for the presence of a risk premium. No evidence is found in support of a positive time-varying [or constant] risk premium in the cocoa futures market at conventional significance levels. The result suggests that cocoa producing...

Increasing Profitability of Small Scale Orchard Producers through Optimizing Replacement Rate: The Case Study of Ghana

Palavras-chave: Cocoa; Futures markets; Time-varying risk premium; Error-correction model; Agribusiness; Marketing; M.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6778

Mahrizal; Nalley, Lawton Lanier; Dixon, Bruce L.; Popp, Jennie S. Hughes.

This study sets out to empirically estimate the optimum annual replacement rate and age of cocoa trees in order to maximize the net present value of four common cocoa production systems. The study examines the costs and returns of four common cocoa production systems in Ghana associated with changes in cocoa prices, fertilizer prices, inflation rates, and labor prices. While this study focuses on cocoa, the methodology is applicable to any perennial crop. This study uses empirical yield curves and cost of production data from Ghana to determine when and what percentage of a cocoa orchard should be replaced annually to maximize net present value of revenues over time. Successive versions of the model are solved to determine how input and output price...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Cocoa; Replacement Rate; Net Present Value (NPV); Production Economics; Q01; Q15; Q32.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119777

Payments for environmental services : incentives through carbon sequestration compensation for cocoa-based agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Seeberg-Elverfeldt, Christina; Schwarze, Stefan; Zeller, Manfred.

Up to 25 percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are caused by deforestation, and Indonesia is the third largest greenhouse gas emitter worldwide due to land use change and deforestation. On the island of Sulawesi in the vicinity of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), many smallholders contribute to conversion processes at the forest margin as a result of their agricultural practices. Specifically the area dedicated to cocoa plantations has increased from zero (1979) to nearly 18,000 hectares (2001). Some of these plots have been established inside the 220,000 hectares of the LLNP. An intensification process is observed with a consequent reduction of the shade tree density. This study assesses which impact carbon sequestration payments for...

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Carbon sequestration; Agroforestry systems; Cocoa; Linear programming; Economic incentives; Poverty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92827

Optimal export taxes – the case of cocoa in Cote d'Ivoire

Burger, Kees.

Export taxes can provide additional welfare to large exporters, an argument for interventions in many primary commodity exporting countries. We investigate the benefits of export taxation for Côte d'Ivoire, the dominant exporter of cocoa. Where many applications treat the formula for optimal export taxes incorrectly as a prescription, we take the endogeneity of the exporter’s share into account. We also distinguish between short-term and long-term effects, relevant for a tree crop like cocoa and we allow for a normal commercial margin between export and farm gate prices. Results are calculated via simulations in a model, in which the age-compositions of the tree stocks of major producing countries are distinguished. Simulations over a period of 15 years...

Optimum Level and Welfare Effects of Export Taxes for Cocoa Beans in Indonesia: A Partial Equilibrium Approach

Palavras-chave: Optimal export tax; Primary commodities; Cocoa; Côte d'Ivoire; Vintage model; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6395

Permani, Risti; Vanzetti, David; Setyoko, Nur Rakhman.

Aiming to support downstream processing, the Indonesian government announced an export tax in May 2010. Using a partial equilibrium approach, this paper therefore attempts to analyse: (i) whether the Indonesian government has imposed optimal taxes on cocoa beans; (ii) the impacts of cocoa export taxes on domestic welfare. In particular, it attempts to develop a two-stage partial equilibrium welfare analysis in which effects of policy for upstream sectors may affect downstream sectors. The study also presents thorough econometric estimates of import demand, export supply, Armington and cross elasticities using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to deal with cointegration and simultaneity issues. A literature search suggests that existing studies not...

Comparative marketing performance between the Peruvian Cooperatives and the Intermediaries: Acopagro cooperative vs. Intermediaries- a Case Study

Palavras-chave: Cocoa; Indonesia; Export taxes; Partial equilibrium analysis; Welfare effects; Vector error correcting method.; International Relations/Trade; F17.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100695

Higuchi, Angie; Moritaka, Masahiro; Fukuda, Susumu.

In the Peruvian jungle, there are two main cocoa marketing channels: the intermediaries and the cooperative. For example, the Acopagro Cooperative, a Peruvian organization, has contributed to the shift from illegal crops like coca to an alternative crop like cocoa which gives small scale farmers a sustainable welfare. Despite the fact that the Acopagro cooperative benefits their members by paying a fair price, supplying technical assistance and credit, many farmers still prefer commercializing their cocoa via the intermediaries. A further analysis of cocoa prices was carried out through personal interviews and a survey made between December 2009 and January 2010, of 243 farmers in Juanjui, San Martin, Peru's main cocoa production area. The outcomes...

What Does Liberalization without Price Competition Achieve? The Case of Cocoa in Ghana.

Palavras-chave: Acopagro cooperative; Peruvian jungle; Intermediaries; Cocoa; Price; Agri-marketing channel; Marketing channel.; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100558

Vigneri, Marcella; Santos, Paulo.

The deregulation of Ghana’s domestic cocoa supply chain that took place in the early 1990s was expected to bring competition among different private buyers and to generate a number of production incentives to the farmers. Most notably, it was expected that competition would emerge by means of price bonuses and/or premiums over the guaranteed price. However, this paper finds that price based competition mechanisms did not develop in the resulting domestic cocoa value chain. Rather, the now increasing numbers of Licensed Buying Companies compete for cocoa supplies based on the provision of different services to farmers. The availability of a number of outlets offers farmers the option to choose among those that can provide cash as well as credit. The...