SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Blank, Steven C.; Erickson, Kenneth W.; Moss, Charles B..

To remain viable, agriculture in each location must offer returns that are competitive with those from alternative investments and sufficient to cover producers' financial obligations. Economic theory says that rates of return converge over time as resources flow into more-profitable industries and out of less-profitable industries, causing factor price changes. Both traditional growth and trade theories say factor markets will adjust to equalize commodity returns over time. This study examines spatial relationships in agriculture's profitability over time. Results show temporal and spatial convergence of returns consistent with trade and development theories. However, there are profit patterns unique to state/regional agriculture, raising policy...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Convergence; Return on assets; "risk of ruin"; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31212

Review of Effective Convergence between China’s Rural Minimum Subsistence Security System and the Development Policy of Poverty Alleviation

Agglomeration, Spatial Interaction and Convergence in the EU

Wei, Song.

Based on the conclusion of the related researches on China’s rural poverty alleviation policies and poverty problems, studies of Chinese scholars on the convergence between rural minimum subsistence system and the development policies of poverty alleviation are illustrated and personal understandings proposed. On the one hand, considering the actual situations of the quickening of China’s urbanization and deepening of poverty, it is necessary to make significant adjustment and transformation in China’s poverty reduction policies and minimum subsistence security system. On the other hand, it is pointed out that there is no omnipotent experience to follow in the convergence of minimum subsistence security system and poverty reduction policies. The actual...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Countryside; Minimum subsistence security system; Poverty alleviation and development; Convergence; China; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113486

Brauninger, Michael; Niebuhr, Annekatrin.

We investigate the convergence process among EU regions between 1980-2002 taking into account the effects of spatial heterogeneity and spatial spillover effects. The spatial regimes model allows for different steady-state growth paths. In contrast to previous analyses, the regimes in this paper refer to spatial categories, i.e. we assume that agglomerations, urbanised and rural regions are characterised by group-specific steadystates. Moreover, the regression analysis considers the effects of interaction among neighbouring regions, possibly leading to a spatial dependence of regional growth rates. We check whether spatial dependence is caused by spatial spillovers or based on country effects.

"Vertical Market Power" as Oxymoron: Getting Convergence Mergers Right

Palavras-chave: Convergence; Agglomeration; European Union; Spatial econometrics; Quantile regression; International Development; C21; O52; R11.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26150

Brennan, Timothy J..

"Vertical market power" is a contradiction in terms because "market power" is essentially horizontal-that is, it depends on relationships of firms within markets. FERC invokes the term to assess "convergence" mergers between electricity generators and natural gas suppliers. It misapplies Department of Justice guidelines for vertical mergers and fails to identify exceptions to a presumption that market power depends only on competitive conditions at any single stage. A three-stage test can assess whether convergence mergers resemble horizontal ones. The key stage is the third: A convergence merger is more problematic the less vertical it is-that is, if the acquiring generator had no prior dealings with the acquired gas supplier. FERC's analyses in leading...

REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY DIFFERENCES AND PROSPECT FOR CONVERGENCE IN BANGLADESH AGRICULTURE, 1964-1992

Palavras-chave: Vertical mergers; Electricity restructuring; Vertical integration; Convergence; Energy regulation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L40; L94; L22; D43.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10871

Rahman, Sanzidur.

This paper applies the sequential Malmquist index to calculate multi lateral, multi-factor productivity (MFP) indices for agriculture in 16 regions of Bangladesh from 1964 to 1992 and examines convergence among regions. Productivity grew at an average rate of 2.2% per annum, led by regions with high level of Green Revolution technology diffusion. The growth mainly occurred due to technological progress estimated at 2.1% per year. Overall technical efficiency declined slightly at 0.1% per year due to falling technical efficiency in most of the regions in later years. Both cross-section and time series tests confirmed that divergence among regions disappeared and agricultural productivity reached convergence in the long run.

Extending Theil's Inequality Index: Addressing Dynamic Convergence in the OECD

Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Regional variations; Convergence; Bangladesh; Productivity Analysis; O4; Q1.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20047

Weatherspoon, Dave D.; Seale, James L., Jr.; Moss, Charles B..

Theil’s inequality index is used to measure convergence in 14 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in terms of per capita income, per capita government and investment expenditures, and industrial employment. Results indicate that all four variables have converged over the sample period, 1950-1988. Next, the indices of the four variables are made dynamic by using pairwise cointegration and Johansen’s I(2) multi-cointegration tests. These tests indicate that the four inequalities are cointegrated; that is, there exists a long-run equilibrium between the four inequalities of the 14 OECD countries. However, the inequality in per capita government expenditure has no effect on the G-7 equilibrium when analyzed without the...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Convergence; G-7; Inequality; OECD.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43300

Growth and Technological Leadership in US Industries: A Spatial Econometric Analysis at the State Level, 1963-1997

Pede, Valerien O.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot, Henri L.F..

For several decades, cross-country analyses have dominated the literature on economic growth. Recently, these analyses have been extended to include sectoral variation as well as spatial variation across sub-national regions. This paper investigates economic growth and potential determinants of the process of catch-up to technology leaders for several economic sectors, using data for the lower 48 US states from 1963 through 1997. We analyze the potential influence of factors such as human capital, and geographical distance to the technology leader. A spatially explicit growth model in which technological progress is endogenously determined is used to model productivity growth in nine US industries, ranging from mining to government, and including a...

The European Regional Policy in Hungary. An Evaluation of the Objectives and Instruments for the Cohesion

Palavras-chave: Regional economic growth; Convergence; Industry level; Technological leadership; Spatial econometrics; Industrial Organization; C21; I23; O33; R12.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9691

Monasterolo, Irene.

The paper underlines the progresses Hungary undertook during the pre-accession process and after the European Union membership in regional economic development. Using official documents of the European Institutions, statistical data provided by Inforegio, Eurostat, the Hungarian National Institute of Statistics, FADN-DG Agriculture and AKI Ive evaluated the impact of the European objectives and instruments for the cohesion (Structural funds and the Cohesion fund) on the convergence of the Country with the European parameters. The results obtained show a slow evidence of economic convergence but also the emergence and increase of internal divergence between winning and loosing counties, these last being prevalently agricultural, with problems of...

How Homophily Affects Learning and Diffusion in Networks

Palavras-chave: European regional policy; Convergence; Cohesion; Agricultural reforms.; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7800

Golub, Benjamin; Jackson, Matthew O..

We examine how three different communication processes operating through social networks are affected by homophily - the tendency of individuals to associate with others similar to themselves. Homophily has no effect if messages are broadcast or sent via shortest paths; only connection density matters. In contrast, homophily substantially slows learning based on repeated averaging of neighbors' information and Markovian diffusion processes such as the Google random surfer model. Indeed, the latter processes are strongly affected by homophily but completely independent of connection density, provided this density exceeds a low threshold. We obtain these results by establishing new results on the spectra of large random graphs and relating the spectra to...

Existe convergência espacial da produtividade agrícola no Brasil?

Palavras-chave: Networks; Learning; Diffusion; Homophily; Friendships; Social Networks; Random Graphs; Mixing Time; Convergence; Speed of Learning; Speed of Convergence; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D83; D85; I21; J15; Z13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50718

Almeida, Eduardo Simões de; Perobelli, Fernando Salgueiro; Ferreira, Pedro Guilherme Costa.

This work analyzes the convergence of land productivity for Brazilian regions from 1991 to 2003. It evaluates if there is or not convergence of the agricultural productivity, controlling explicitly for spatial effects. To do so, an exploratory spatial data analysis was previously implemented and the presence of spatial autocorrelation for the land productivity was detected. In addition, spatial econometric models were developed for the convergence analysis.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Convergence; Land productivity; Spatial econometrics; Spatial autocorrelation.; Agribusiness; R12; C31; Q10..

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61267

Waste Generation and Landfill Diversion Dynamics: Decentralised Management and Spatial Effects

Mazzanti, Massimiliano; Montini, Anna; Nicolli, Francesco.

This paper provides analyses of municipal waste generation and landfill diversion dynamics based on an 8-year panel dataset for Italy covering 103 provinces. Although absolute declining for waste generation is a long way off, there are some first signals of increasing relative delinking and robust average landfill diversion. Spatial effects seem to be negligible, probably due to the strong decentralisation of waste management and policies: local, economic, policy and structural factors contribute to explaining the waste dynamics. Though North-South waste performances are showing some signals of convergence, greater efforts towards convergence of waste performances in a decentralised policy scenario are needed.

Analisis de convergencia en productividad agraria en las regiones europeas

Palavras-chave: Waste Generation; Waste Management; Landfill Diversion; Decentralised Waste Policies; Landfill Tax; Separated Collection; Spatial Effects; Convergence; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q38; Q56.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60660

Valero, Juan Sebastian Castillo; Cuerva Narro, Maria Carmen.

RESUMEN: En este artículo se estudia la convergencia regional desde un punto de vista sectorial, centrada en el sector agrario. En el desarrollo del mismo se hace eco de la relevancia del sector agrario para una explicación histórica de las desigualdades territoriales en la Unión Europea y se analiza la evolución de la desigualdad y la convergencia de las agriculturas en las regiones europeas durante el periodo 1985-1997 a través del valor añadido agrario por ocupado. La existencia de un proceso de convergencia a niveles absolutos entre las economías regionales agrarias es un hecho constatado en el análisis. Sin embargo, las peculiaridades específicas de cada territorio hacen que no podamos hablar de una posición de equilibrio común, sino que las...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Convergence; Agricultural Productivity; Common Agricultural Policy; European regions; Productivity Analysis; O13; O41; Q18; R00.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28792

Distribution Dynamics of Food Price Inflation Rates in EU: An Alternative Conditional Density Estimator Approach

Liontakis, Angelos E.; Papadas, Christos T..

This paper examines the existence of convergence and distribution dynamics of food price inflation rates within the European Union. Differences in such specific price index inflation rates and changes in their regional distributions reflect largely differences and developments in market conditions and structures. Traditional measures and approaches to β-convergence and σ-convergence, fail to capture sufficiently the evolving distributional dynamics. The latter includes possible mobility prospects within distributions and potential formation of clubs. To deal with these issues, the paper adopts developments in the literature of non parametric econometric methods and employs an alternative conditional density estimator as well. Implementation of this...

Productivity Growth and Convergence in Crop, Ruminant and Non-Ruminant Production: Measurement and Forecasts

Palavras-chave: Kernel density estimator; Convergence; Distribution dynamics; Food price inflation.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58084

Ludena, Carlos E.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Preckel, Paul V.; Foster, Kenneth A.; Nin Pratt, Alejandro.

There is considerable interest in projections of future productivity growth in agriculture. Whether one is interested in the outlook for global commodity markets, future patterns of international trade, or the interactions between land use, deforestation and ecological diversity, the rate of productivity growth in agriculture is an essential input. Yet solid projections for this variable have proven elusive particularly on a global basis. This is due, in no small part, to the difficulty in measuring historical productivity growth. The purpose of this paper is to report the latest time series evidence on total factor productivity growth for crops, ruminants and non-ruminant livestock, on a global basis. We then follow with tests for convergence amongst...