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Cost effectiveness of peginterferon alfa-2B combined with ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in Brazil BJID
Fonseca,Marcelo Cunio Machado; Araújo,Gabriela Tannus Branco de; Araújo,Denizar Vianna.
The treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with peginterferon alpha-2b/ribavirin (PegIFN + Rib) produced larger sustained viral response (SVR) compared to the conventional (non-pegylated) interferon/ribavirin (IFN + Rib), but its cost-effectiveness was not assessed in Brazil. We developed a Markov model to mirror the natural disease history and cohorts of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV), that received PegIFN + Rib or IFN + Rib treatment for 48 or 24 weeks, according to viral genotype and liver histology. The SVRs for the treatments PegIFN + Rib and IFN + Rib were respectively 48% and 34% (genotype 1), and 88% and 80% (genotype non-1). Three Delphi panels were conducted with hepatologists and intensivists, and another one with oncologists. The costs...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Hepatitis C; Cost-benefit analysis; Effectiveness; Interferons.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702009000300007
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Labor as a welfare measure in contingent valuation: the value of a forest restoration project Ciencia e Investigación Agraria
Schiappacasse,Ignacio; Vásquez,Felipe; Nahuelhual,Laura; Echeverría,Cristian.
Monetary contributions might not be appropriate welfare measures in contingent valuation (CV) when household incomes are very low. In such cases, willingness to pay (WTP) is restricted by a household's ability to reduce its consumption of other goods to pay for the environmental good under valuation. Beneficiaries, however, may be willing to contribute their time to work on a project instead of paying money. In this context, we assess the benefits of ecosystem services restoration in a rural area of high conservation value in central Chile, using a CV study that includes two WTP questions, one for cash and another for labor payments. The results indicate that labor payments in the form of a number of working hours per week were highly accepted among...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Contingent valuation; Ecosystem services; Labor payments.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202013000100006
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Evaluación económica de la restauración hidrológica ambiental de la microcuenca Carrillo-El Tigre en Angangueo Michoacán Colegio de Postgraduados
Moreno Honorato, Natividad.
La presente investigación, es una evaluación económica que se realizó para obtener la rentabilidad del proyecto denominado: “Restauración Hidrológica Ambiental de la Microcuenca de Aporte a la Población de Mineral de Angangueo, Michoacán, (Microcuenca Carrillo-El Tigre); Mediante la Implementación de Prácticas de Manejo del Agua y Preservación de Suelos (MAPS)”. El proyecto se ejecutó después del fenómeno hidrometeorológico extremo que se presentó en febrero del 2010, dejando cuantiosos daños y pérdidas en el área afectada, la cual presentaba deterioro ambiental, agravando con ello la problemática. Ante tal situación, se propuso establecer prácticas de MAPS (presas de mampostería, gaviones, geocostales y piedra acomodada, así como un cabeceo de cárcava),...
Palavras-chave: Evaluación económica; Restauración ambiental; Análisis costo-beneficio; Indicadores; Rentabilidad; Economic evaluation; Environmental restoration; Cost-benefit analysis; Indicators; Profitability; Hidrociencias; Maestría.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2053
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Análisis costo - beneficio de la ampliacíón del distrito de riego No. 110 "Río Verde - Progreso, Oax.". Colegio de Postgraduados
Ramos Solano, José Filiberto.
Se presenta una propuesta de ampliación del Distrito de Riego 110 “Río Verde – Progreso, Oax.”, como una de las acciones complementarias del proyecto de generación de energía eléctrica “Paso de la Reyna”, impulsada por el Gobierno Federal a través de la Comisión Federal de Electricidad. El proyecto de inversión considera incorporar la superficie dominada por la COTA 35, que parte de la base de la cortina de la presa de regulación que se ubicará aguas abajo de la presa “Paso de la Reyna”, y que suman 8,566 hectáreas. Para fines de análisis, el proyecto de ampliación se dividió en dos partes: a) dos líneas principales de conducción, una a cada margen del Río Verde, que suman una longitud total de 56,307 m y que dominan toda la superficie de ampliación...
Palavras-chave: Modernización del riego; Paso de la Reyna; Riego presurizado; Análisis costo-beneficio; Irrigation improvement; Pressurized irrigation; Cost-benefit analysis; Hidrociencias; Maestría Tecnológica.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1946
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Uncertainty in Discount Models and Environmental Accounting Ecology and Society
Ludwig, Donald; University of British Columbia; Ludwig@math.ubc.ca; Brock, William A.; University of Wisconsin-Madison; WBrock@ssc.wisc.edu; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu.
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is controversial for environmental issues, but is nevertheless employed by many governments and private organizations for making environmental decisions. Controversy centers on the practice of economic discounting in CBA for decisions that have substantial long-term consequences, as do most environmental decisions. Customarily, economic discounting has been calculated at a constant exponential rate, a practice that weights the present heavily in comparison with the future. Recent analyses of economic data show that the assumption of constant exponential discounting should be modified to take into account large uncertainties in long-term discount rates. A proper treatment of this uncertainty requires that we consider returns...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight Palavras-chave: Atlantic right whale; Cost-benefit analysis; Discounting; Ecological economics; Ecosystem service; Eutrophication; Renewable resource; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
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The Kyoto Protocol Is Cost-effective Ecology and Society
Gatto, Marino; Politecnico di Milano; gatto@elet.polimi.it; Caizzi, Andrea; CESI, Business Unit Ambiente; caizzi@cesi.it; Rizzi, Luca; CESI, Business Unit Ambiente; rizziluca@virgilio.it; De Leo, Giulio A; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente; deleo@dsa.unipr.it.
Despite recent advances, there is a high degree of uncertainty concerning the climate change that would result from increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Also, opponents of the Kyoto Protocol raised the key objection that reducing emissions would impose an unacceptable economic burden on businesses and consumers. Based on an analysis of alternative scenarios for electricity generation in Italy, we show that if the costs in terms of damage to human health, material goods, agriculture, and the environment caused by greenhouse gas emissions are included in the balance, the economic argument against Kyoto is untenable. Most importantly, the argument holds true even if we exclude global external costs (those due to global warming), and account...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Electric power generation; Environmental costs; Externalities; Greenhouse gasses; Italian economic impacts; Kyoto Protocol.
Ano: 2002
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The impact of water quality changes on the socio-economic system of the Guadiana Estuary: an assessment of management options Ecology and Society
Sousa, Carlos; Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA; cssousa@ualg.pt; Boski, Tomasz; Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA; tboski@ualg.pt; Ponce Dentinho, Tomaz; Office for Sustainable Regional Developement - GDRS; tomazdentinho@uac.pt.
Tourism related to bathing has a growing economic importance in the Guadiana Estuary in southern Spain and Portugal. Polls of local public opinion showed an awareness of potential and current threats to the aquatic environment posed by regulation of river flow and untreated/poorly-treated urban sewage discharge. Because of this strong concern for water quality, it was selected as the policy issue for our application of the Systems Approach Framework (SAF). We developed an integrated simulation model of the Guadiana estuarine system in which the ecological system and socioeconomic components are linked by means of beach eco-label (Blue Flag Award) through its dependence on fecal bacterial thresholds. We quantified the socioeconomic impacts of water quality...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Blue flag award; Cost-benefit analysis; Economic base model; Guadiana estuary; Systems approach; Tourism; Water quality.
Ano: 2012
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Zebra Mussel Farming in the Szczecin (Oder) Lagoon: Water-Quality Objectives and Cost-Effectiveness Ecology and Society
Schernewski, Gerald; Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; schernewski@eucc-d.de; Stybel, Nardine; EUCC - The Coastal Union Germany; stybel@eucc-d.de; Neumann, Thomas; Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; thomas.neumann@io-warnemuende.de.
The Oder (Szczecin) Lagoon in the southern Baltic Sea is a heavily eutrophicated and degraded coastal ecosystem. We applied a systems approach framework to critically evaluate whether existing water-management measures achieve water-quality objectives for the river and lagoon systems. Our simulations reveal that the existing water-quality objectives for the river and the coastal waters are not sufficiently complementary. We suggest new water-quality threshold concentrations, which are in agreement with the European Water Framework Directive, and we calculate acceptable maximum nutrient loads for the Oder River. These calculations suggest that external nutrient-load reductions in the river basin alone seem insufficient to achieve good water quality in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Baltic Sea Action Plan; Coastal ecosystem; Cost-benefit analysis; ERGOM; Eutrophication; Marginal costs; Mussel farming; Nitrogen; Oder Lagoon; Oder River; Phosphorus; Szczecin Lagoon; Water Framework Directive; Water management; Water quality; Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha).
Ano: 2012
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A bioeconomic analysis of the impact of decommissioning programs: Application to a limited-entry french scallop fishery ArchiMer
Guyader, Olivier; Daures, Fabienne; Fifas, Spyros.
The objective of this paper is to assess the benefits and costs of decommissioning policies aimed at reducing fleet capacity through premiums offered by the public authority to fishermen to scrap their vessels. A case study, the limited entry scallop fishery of the Saint Brieuc Bay, France, is used to con- sider the problem of excess capacity and to model the bioeconomic consequences of disinvestment behavior. Special attention is paid to the assessment of fishermen's willingness to leave the fishery and to the implementation of public policy in terms of budget level and premiums offered to the fishermen. Spreadsheet simulations show that the impact of decommissioning programs is positive in terms of net surplus, even in the case of increasing technical...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Fishing capacity; Decommissioning programs; Premium; Willingness to leave; Bioeconomic model; Cost-benefit analysis.
Ano: 2004 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00243/35449/33977.pdf
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The efficiency of using remote sensing for fisheries enforcement:Application to the Mediterranean bluefin tuna fishery ArchiMer
Cicuendez Perez, Juan; Alvarez, Marlene Alvarez; Heikkonen, Jukka; Guillen Garcia, Jordi; Barbas, Thomas.
This paper analyzes the impact of applying vessel detection technology using satellite images (vessel detection system, VDS) to complement air patrols for fisheries enforcement and control. Due to limited fisheries enforcement budgets there is the need to allocate costs efficiently among competing control tools. This paper focuses on assessing the benefits of using VDS jointly with VMS (vessel monitoring system) and air patrol surveillance to improve effectiveness of controls. A statistical model to estimate the number of inspections was developed and was used with enforcement costs data as reported by a number of EU countries. The result of applying VDS in fisheries enforcement is presented in one of the most demanding fisheries enforcement contexts: the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Vessel detection system; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Illegal fishing; Cost-benefit analysis; Bluefin tuna.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00141/25205/23389.pdf
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An adaptable toolkit to assess commercial fishery costs and benefits related to marine protected area network design ArchiMer
Daigle, Rémi M.; Monaco, Cristian; Elgin, Ashley K..
Around the world, governments are establishing Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks to meet their commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. MPAs are often used in an effort to conserve biodiversity and manage fisheries stocks. However, their efficacy and effect on fisheries yields remain unclear. We conducted a case-study on the economic impact of different MPA network design strategies on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries in Canada. The open-source R package that we developed to analyze this case study can be customized to conduct similar analyses for other systems. We used a spatially-explicit individual-based model of population growth and dispersal coupled with a fisheries management and harvesting component. We...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Atlantic Cod; Individual based models; Conservation; Fisheries management.
Ano: 2017 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00690/80169/83235.pdf
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Current Contribution of Four Biotechnologies to New Zealand's Primary Sector AgEcon
Kaye-Blake, William; Saunders, Caroline M.; Emanuelsson, Martin.
Over the last several decades, changes to production technologies have significantly increased output from the primary sector. The contribution of improved genetics has been variously estimated, and the impacts of genetic engineering have received much attention. The present research estimated the economic impact of four modern biotechnologies (other than genetic engineering) on the primary sector. Information from interviews with key informants was incorporated into a cost-benefit analysis to estimate these impacts. The net contribution was estimated at $266 million per year, with impacts spread unevenly through the sector and across biotechnologies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cost-benefit analysis; Marker assisted selection; New Zealand; Primary production; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O30; Q16.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25411
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Efficient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electricity Sector AgEcon
Banzhaf, H. Spencer; Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L..
This paper provides new estimates of efficient emission fees for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions in the U.S. electricity sector. The estimates are obtained by coupling a detailed simulation model of the U.S. electricity markets with an integrated assessment model that links changes in emissions with atmospheric transport, environmental endpoints, and valuation of impacts. Efficient fees are found by comparing incremental benefits with emission fee levels. National quantity caps that are equivalent to these fees also are computed, and found to approximate caps under consideration in the current multi-pollutant debate in the U.S. Congress and the recent proposals from the Bush administration for the electricity industry. We also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Emission fees; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4; D61.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10505
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CONTINGENT VALUATION IN FOOD POLICY ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF A PESTICIDE-RESIDUE RISK REDUCTION AgEcon
Buzby, Jean C.; Ready, Richard C.; Skees, Jerry R..
This study demonstrates how contingent valuation techniques can be used in a cost-benefit analysis of a food safety policy issue. The analysis focuses on banning a specific post harvest pesticide used in fresh grapefruit packinghouses. Benefits of the ban are measured using consumers' aggregated willingness to pay (WTP) for safer grapefruit. A national contingent valuation survey used the payment card method to obtain WTP data. Costs of the ban stem predominantly from increased post harvest losses and were estimated using a model of the market for Florida grapefruit. Results indicate that benefits of the ban outweigh costs.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Cost-benefit analysis; Food safety; Pesticides; Willingness to pay; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15278
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Benefit-Cost Analysis of Biodiesel Production in Korea AgEcon
Lee, Sang-Min; Han, Hye-Sung.
The purpose of this study is to take a close look at Korea‘s biodiesel developing trends and assess economic feasibility based on benefit-cost analysis. This study finally presents directions to actively promote the biodiesel in Korea. The role of bio-energy is significantly emphasized due to the continuous rise in oil price and environmental problems. According to some researches that have considered various factors such as breed, productivity, production costs and levels of technology, the most feasible bio-ingredients are rape and barley. By means of the benefit-cost analysis, rape has positive values in the net profits when considered with indirect benefits. Also, it is estimated that rape is feasible when produced in place of barley for...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Biodiesel; Cost-benefit analysis; Korea; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45683
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Social Benefits of Multifunctional Agriculture in Finland AgEcon
Yrjola, Tapani; Kola, Jukka.
This study aims at assessing the costs and benefits of multifunctional agriculture, and it is one of the very first studies using a quantitative approach to this new subject. The starting point is that if current farm subsidies are regarded as means to maintain the multifunctional characteristics of agriculture, what happens if subsidies are reduced. The effects of the decline in agricultural support on multifunctional characteristics of agriculture in Finland are estimated using the cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Only a part of the consequences can be assessed by the CBA due to lack of data on the economic value of many elements of multifunctional agriculture. Hence, the results should not be generalised too strongly, but they still provide useful...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Multifunctional agriculture; Non-market benefits; Externalities; Cost-benefit analysis; Finland; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24812
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The Role of Health Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Decision Making in Selected Countries: An Initial Survey AgEcon
Mazurek, Janice V..
This paper seeks to inform the current "regulatory reform" effort in the U.S. by describing how information from risk assessments and cost-benefit analyses is used by decision makers in six other industrialized countries. In Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Canada and the European Union decision makers deal with uncertainties associated with risk assessments differently than in the U.S. They are less likely to employ "default assumptions" to bridge uncertainties and instead tailor risk evaluations to the chemical in question. Furthermore, while U.S. agencies are sometimes required to pair information from risk assessments with data from cost-benefit analyses in order to estimate how much it costs to stem or avert environmental and health...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Regulatory reform; Risk assessment; Cost-benefit analysis; International environmental; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10475
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Protecting the Booroolong Frog in the Namoi Catchment: A Cost-Benefit Analysis AgEcon
Greyling, Tertius; Bennett, Jeffrey W..
The Booroolong frog project in the Namoi Catchment represents an environmental investment to protect the species and around 10.7 kilometres of its habitat in the catchment. The project’s benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 8.6 indicates that the benefits outweigh the costs by a significant margin. The measures introduced by landholders, at relatively low cost, should therefore result in a significant return on investment upon project completion in 10 years time. The benefits are estimated using a choice modelling study which was recently developed for the valuation of investment in natural resource management in the Namoi Catchment. As this is a largely ex ante cost-benefit analysis, the BCR is subject to uncertainty associated with assumptions which had to be...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Benefit-cost ratio; Choice modelling; Booroolong Frog; Namoi Catchment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107851
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Economic Benefits and Costs of Jatropha Plantation in North-East India AgEcon
Goswami, Kishor; Saikia, Jitu; Choudhury, Hari Kanta.
Energy security, emissions control and environmental concerns are some of the issues that drive India to search for bio-fuels in general and bio-diesel in particular as an alternative source of energy. The inception of National Biofuel Mission in 2003 has resulted in expansion of jatropha plantations in different states of the country. In North-East India, jatropha plantation was started in 2007, mostly at small farmers’ level with direct and indirect initiatives of the government and the private sector. However, adoption and expansion of jatropha plantation in the rural areas largely depend on profitability from such plantations at farmers’ level. The present study has assessed the profitability of jatropha plantation in four states of North-East India,...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Jatropha; Bio-fuels; Bio-diesel; North-East India; Cost-benefit analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q16; Q49; Q42.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109423
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Cost-benefit analysis of investment in research on abscission chemicals AgEcon
Brown, Mark G..
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Abscission chemicals; Agribusiness; Farm Management.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52887
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