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Productivity and Quality-Environmental Changes in Marketing Co-operatives: An Analysis on the Horticultural Sector AgEcon
Galdeano-Gomez, Emilio; Cespedes-Lorente, Jose; Rodriguez, Manuel Rodriguez.
The object of the present paper is to analyse productivity incorporating quality-environmental changes in marketing co-operatives. Firstly, it reviews competitiveness factors in the current European agri-food market, especially in relation to the fruit and vegetables sector. Secondly, the productivity trend is studied empirically using nonparametric methods (Malmquist indices) and taking as reference panel data of Andalusian horticultural co-operatives for the period 1994-2001. For this purpose productivity is decomposed into technological change, efficiency and quality-environmental change. Additionally, the correlation of these results with other economic variables is analysed. The indicators obtained show a relevant increase in efficiency for the period...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Productivity; Quality-environment; Efficiency; Marketing co-operative; Horticultural sector; Agribusiness; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q13; Q21; L15.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24698
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Joint Estimation of Risk Preferences and Technology: Flexible Utility of Futility? AgEcon
Lence, Sergio H..
The present study sets up a thought experiment calibrated to represent risks of a high-risk production activity (farming), and investigating whether the structure of risk aversion (i.e., the changes in absolute or relative risk aversion associated with changes in wealth) can be estimated with reasonable precision. Findings strongly suggest that typical production data are unlikely to allow identification of the structure of risk aversion. A flexible utility parameterization is found to worsen technology parameter estimates. Findings also indicate that even under a restricted utility specification, the quality of utility parameters estimated from small samples is very poor.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Expected utility; Risk preferences; Production analysis; Risk attitudes.; Risk and Uncertainty; C13; D24; D81; Q12..
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9980
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UK Sugar Beet Farm Productivity Under Different Reform Scenarios: A Farm Level Analysis AgEcon
Renwick, Alan W.; Revoredo-Giha, Cesar; Reader, Mark A..
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect that the imminent reform in the European Union (EU) sugar regime may have on farm productivity in the United Kingdom (UK). We perform the analysis on a sample of sugar beet farms representative of all the UK sugar beet regions. To estimate the changes in productivity, we estimate a multi-output cost function representing the cropping part of the farm, which is the component that would be mostly affected by the sugar beet reform. We use this cost function to compute the new allocation of outputs and inputs after the changes in the sugar beet quota and price support. This are subsequently used to compute measures of total factor productivity. Our results show slight decreases in the productivity at the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: EU sugar reform; UK agriculture; UK sugar beet production; Multi-output cost function; Total factor productivity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; Q00; D24.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24665
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CAP reform and its impact on structural change and productivity growth: A cross country analysis AgEcon
Kazukauskas, Andrius; Newman, Carol F..
The recent reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have exposed the European agricultural sector to a new set of constraints and challenges. The decoupling of direct payments from production is expected to make production decisions more market-oriented as farmers move from mainly subsidy revenue maximization objectives toward profit maximizing behaviour. However, ex-post analyses of the productivity of farms have yet to uncover any evidence of a positive effect of the decoupling policy on farm productivity. Using the Irish, Danish and Dutch farm level data, we identify the extent to which both system and product switching after the introduction of decoupling has occurred and to what extent these changes have contributed to productivity growth in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Productivity; Semiparametric estimation; Farming; Decoupling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; D24; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61103
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Think Again: Higher Elasticity of Substitution Increases Economic Resilience AgEcon
Dumas, Patrice; Hallegatte, Stephane.
This paper shows that, counter-intuitively, a higher elasticity of substitution in model production function can lead to reduced economic resilience and larger vulnerability to shocks in production factor prices. This result is due to the fact that assuming a higher elasticity of substitution requires a recalibration of the production function parameters to keep the model initial state unchanged. This result has consequences for economic analysis, e.g., on the economic vulnerability to climate change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Substitution; Calibration; Constant Elasticity of Substitution; Shock; Risk and Uncertainty; D24; E17; E23.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54283
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Productivity Change in Polish Agriculture: An Application of a Bootstrap Procedure to Malmquist Indices AgEcon
Balcombe, Kelvin George; Davidova, Sophia; Latruffe, Laure.
This paper employs bootstrapping to correct for bias and to construct confidence intervals for Malmquist TFP indices derived with DEA. It uses these results to investigate the productivity change in Polish agriculture during a crucial period of the country's transition to a market economy, 1996-2000, when Poland was preparing for accession to the European Union. The bias corrected estimates show regress in productivity at an annual rate of 4 percent. The confidence intervals suggest that between two-thirds and four-fifths of the sample farms (250) in different years might have experienced no change in productivity. The cluster analysis based on confidence bounds reveals three paths of productivity change. Farms which recorded an increase in productivity at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Malmquist indices; Bootstrapping; Poland; Farms; Productivity change; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12; C6.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24572
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Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity Change in the U.S. Hog Industry AgEcon
Key, Nigel D.; McBride, William D.; Mosheim, Roberto.
The U.S. hog industry has experienced dramatic structural changes and rapid increases in farm productivity. A stochastic frontier analysis is used to measure hog enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) growth between 1992 and 2004 and to decompose this growth into technical change and changes in technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and allocative efficiency. Productivity gains over the 12-year period are found to be explained almost entirely by technical progress and by improvements in scale efficiency. Differences in TFP growth rates in the Southeast and Heartland regions were found to be explained primarily by differences in farm size growth rates.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Hog production; Scale efficiency; Stochastic frontier; Technical change; Total factor productivity growth; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45512
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Technical efficiency of organic milk-farms in Germany - the role of subsidies and of regional factors AgEcon
Lakner, Sebastian.
This paper investigates the efficiency of organic milk farms in Germany based on data from 1994/95 to 2005/06. Five inputs and one output are analyzed by means of a stochastic frontier production function, allowing for heteroscedasticity and technical effects. The selection of determinants of technical efficiency includes 5 groups of indicators. The analysis is focused on the impacts of farm support of organic farms and of regional factors, that can influence technical efficiency. The results show, that the agri-environmental payments show a negative effect on efficiency. Farms, which receive investment aid, show lower efficiency scores. Finally, the implication for agricultural policy are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Efficiency Analysis; Organic Farming; Agglomerations Effects; Subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q12; Q18; D24.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51301
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Linking small producers to supermarkets? The role of intermediaries on the fresh fruit and vegetable market in Turkey. AgEcon
Bignebat, Celine; Koc, A. Ali; Lemeilleur, Sylvaine.
A wide range of the empirical studies shows to what extend the rise of supermarkets in developing countries deeply transform domestic marketing channels. In particular, the exclusion of small producers from the so-called dynamic marketing channels (that is remunerative ones) is at stake. Based on original data collected in Turkey in 2007 at the producer and the wholesale market levels, we show that the intermediaries are decisive in order to understand the impact of downstream restructuring (supermarkets) on upstream decisions (producers). The results show first that producers are not aware of the final buyer of their produce, as intermediaries hinder the visibility of the marketing channel, their choice is restricted to that of the first intermediary....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Small farmers; Fresh fruit and vegetables; Turkey; Agribusiness; Production Economics; Q13; L14; D24.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52856
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A metafrontier approach to measuring technical efficiencies across the UK dairy sector AgEcon
Barnes, Andrew Peter; Revoredo-Giha, Cesar; Sauer, Johannes.
A regional approach is applied to measure technical efficiencies on dairy farms which employs the deterministic metafrontier approach. We construct six super regions for the UK, i.e. Eastern, Western, Northern England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Data are collected through three different administrative systems, all be it under the same FADN guidance. We find for dairy farming comparative indicators of performance in all three data sets. The stochastic frontier approach is applied to construct 6 regional frontiers and a pooled (UK) dataset for comparison. A likelihood ratio test rejects the null hypothesis that these regions operate under a common frontier which may indicate bias in previous attempts to measure dairying efficiency at the country...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Stochastic Production Frontiers; Metafrontiers; UK Farm Account Data; Dairy farming.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; D24; C23; C51.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99369
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Trade Policy, Trade Volumes and Plant-Level Productivity in Colombian Manufacturing Industries AgEcon
Fernandes, Ana.
This paper offers new insights on a central question in trade and development economics: does increased exposure to foreign competition generate gains in plant productivity? We find that it does. We examine Colombian trade policy from 1977 to 1991, a period during which trade liberalization alternates with increased trade protection in varied ways across industries, to investigate the link between trade policy and plant productivity. Using a rich panel of manufacturing plants, we obtain production function estimates separately across industries that are consistent in face of the simultaneity between input demands and productivity. These estimates are used to derive plant-level time-varying productivity measures for which a systematic component related to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Simultaneity and production functions; Trade policy; Productivity; Colombian manufacturing; Endogeneity of protection; International Relations/Trade; F13; D24; C14; O54.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28444
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China’s Electricity Market Reform and Power Plants Efficiency AgEcon
Ma, Chunbo; Zhao, Xiaoli; Ma, Qian; Zhao, Yue.
In the past three decades, Chinese electricity industry has experienced a series of regulatory reforms serving different purposes at different stages. In 2002, the former vertically integrated electricity utility - the State Power Corporation (SPC) – was divested and the generation sector was separated from the transmission and distribution networks in an effort to improve production efficiency. In this paper we study the impact of the reform on efficiency of fossil-fired power plants using plant-level data during 2000-2008. Our results from the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and panel regressions show that: 1) the total factor productivity (TFP) growth mainly comes from technological change; 2) the technical efficiency of previously SPC-managed power...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Efficiency; DEA; Malmquist Index; China; Electricity; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D24; L11; L51; L94; L98.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117811
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What Determines Productivity Growth of Agricultural Cooperatives? AgEcon
Ariyaratne, Chatura B.; Featherstone, Allen M.; Langemeier, Michael R..
This paper examines productivity of a sample of grain marketing and farm supply cooperatives from 1990 to 1998. The cooperative industry’s productivity or growth was mainly due to improvement in technology rather than improvement in pure efficiency or scale. The cooperative industry’s productivity was primarily associated with the grain, fertilizer, and agrochemical product lines. Policies that raise fertilizer prices would encourage a cooperative to be technically more productive. In general, policies that raise prices of grain, fertilizer, and agrochemicals would encourage a cooperative to be more productive overall.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Cooperatives; Input bias; Output bias; Productivity; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q13.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43748
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Determining Optimal Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer Using Random Parameter Models AgEcon
Tumusiime, Emmanuel; Brorsen, B. Wade; Mosali, Jagadeesh; Johnson, Jim; Locke, James; Biermacher, Jon T..
The parameters of yield response functions can vary by year. Past studies usually assume yield functions are nstochastic ‘‘limited’’ stochastic. In this study, we estimate rye– ryegrass yield functions in which all parameters are random. The three functional forms considered are the linear response plateau, the quadratic, and the Spillman-Mitscherlich. Nonstochastic yield models are rejected in favor of stochastic parameter models. Quadratic functional forms fit the data poorly. Optimal nitrogen application recommendations are calculated for the linear response plateau and Spillman-Mitscherlich. The stochastic models lead to smaller recommended levels of nitrogen, but the economic benefits of using fully stochastic crop yield functions are small because...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Cereal rye–ryegrass; Monte Carlo; Nitrogen; Random parameters; Stochastic plateau; Production Economics; Q10; C12; D24.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117949
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EFFECTS OF QUALITY CONSIDERATIONS AND CLIMATE/WEATHER INFORMATION ON THE MANAGEMENT AND PROFITABILITY OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS AgEcon
Britt, Megan L.; Ramirez, Octavio A.; Carpio, Carlos E..
Production function models for cotton lint yields, seed yields, turnout, and lint quality characteristics are developed for the Texas High Plains. They are used to evaluate the impacts of quality considerations and of climate/weather information on the management decisions and on the profitability and risk of irrigated cotton production systems. It is concluded that both quality considerations and improved climatic/weather information could have substantial effects on expected profitability and risk. These effects mainly occur because of changes in optimal variety selection an irrigation water use levels. Quality considerations in particular result in significantly lower irrigation water use levels regardless of the climate/weather information...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Climatic/weather information; Cotton quality; Ground water resource use; Risk and uncertainty; Texas High Plains; Crop Production/Industries; D21; D24; D61; D81; D84.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15082
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Food Safety Regulation and Firm Productivity: Evidence from the French Food Industry AgEcon
Requillart, Vincent; Nauges, Celine; Simioni, Michel; Bontemps, Christophe.
The purpose of this article is to assess whether food safety regulations imposed by the European Union in the 2000s may have induced a slow-down in the productivity of firms in the food processing sector. The impact of regulations on costs and productivity has seldom been studied. This article contributes to the literature by measuring productivity change using a panel of French food processing firms for the years 1996 to 2006. To do so, we develop an original iterative testing procedure based on the comparison of the distribution of efficiency scores of a set of firms. Our results confirm that productivity decreased in the poultry processing industry at the time when safety regulation was reinforced.
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Total factor productivity; Safety regulation; Food processing sector; Panel data; Non-parametrics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C14; D24; L66.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124378
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The Need for Theoretically Consistent Efficiency Frontiers AgEcon
Sauer, Johannes; Hockmann, Heinrich.
The availability of efficiency estimation software –freely distributed via the internet and relatively easy to use –recently inflated the number of corresponding applications. The resulting efficiency estimates are often used without a critical assessment with respect to the literature on theoretical consistency, flexibility and the choice of the appropriate functional form. The robustness of policy suggestions based on inferences from efficiency measures nevertheless crucially depends on theoretically well-founded estimates. This paper addresses stochastic efficiency measurement by critically reviewing the theoretical consistency of recently published technical efficiency estimates. The results confirm the need for a posteriori checking the regularity of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Functional form; Stochastic efficiency analysis; Theoretical consistency; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C51; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24497
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Funciones de producción y eficiencia técnica en el eje cafetero colombiano: una aproximación con frontera estocástica AgEcon
Perdomo, Jorge-Andres; Hueth, Darrell L..
Este estudio estimó la forma funcional de producción cafetera en Colombia mediante fronteras estocásticas (FEP). Con esto, se analizó la importancia de los principales insumos empleados en la producción de café (cantidad de hectáreas cultivadas, mano de obra utilizada, maquinaria requerida y cantidad de fertilizantes aplicados), que afectan la productividad. Igualmente, se determinó la existencia de economías a escala en productores pequeños, medianos, grandes y sector general cafetero; ubicados en Caldas, Quindío y Risaralda. Finalmente, fue evaluada la eficiencia técnica (ET) en la producción. Entre los principales resultados, se destaca que la función de producción cafetera tiene una forma funcional Translog minflex Laurent para pequeños, medianos,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Función de producción cafetera; Pequeños caficultores; Medianos caficultores; Grandes caficultores y sector general cafetero; Frontera estocástica de producción; Eficiencia técnica; Análisis de economías a escala.; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; D24; C01; C29.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100873
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Energy Efficiency and Shadow Costs of Energy Saving in Conventional Agricultural Production: The Case of Czech Wheat Production AgEcon
Curtiss, Jarmila; Jelinek, Ladislav.
Increasing worldwide energy demand and diminishing supplies of fossil fuels have necessitated the development and increasing use of new sustainable energy sources, as well as more parsimonious energy use. In the context of agriculture, research has focused predominantly on the production of bio-energy, while only a limited number of studies have investigated the energy use and possible energy saving in conventional agricultural production. In response to this lack in empirical research this study aims (i) to measure the farm-level energy and cost efficiency of conventional agricultural (wheat) production, (ii) to identify the potential for energy saving in conventional agriculture and quantify its shadow cost, (iii) to identify production technologies and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Energy efficiency; Cost efficiency; Shadow cost of energy saving; Agriculture; Czech farm; Wheat production; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; D24.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103410
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Technical efficiency and technology gaps in beef cattle production systems in Kenya: A stochastic metafrontier analysis AgEcon
Otieno, David Jakinda; Hubbard, Lionel J.; Ruto, Eric.
In this study the stochastic metafrontier method is used to investigate technical efficiency and technology gaps across three main beef cattle production systems in Kenya. Results show that there is significant inefficiency in nomadic and agro-pastoral systems. Further, in contrast with ranches, these two systems were found to have lower technology gap ratios. The average pooled technical efficiency was estimated to be 0.69, which suggests that there is considerable scope to improve beef production in Kenya
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Technology gap; Beef cattle; Production systems; Stochastic metafrontier; Kenya.; Livestock Production/Industries; D24; O32; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108947
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