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| Registros recuperados: 41 | |
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| Kruger, Joseph. |
| Cap-and-trade programs have become widely accepted for the control of conventional air pollution in the United States. However, there is still no political consensus to use these programs to address greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, in the wake of the success of the U.S. SO2 and NOx trading programs, private companies, state governments, and the European Union are developing new trading programs or other initiatives that may set precedents for a future national U.S. greenhouse gas trading scheme. This paper summarizes the literature on the "lessons learned" from the SO2 trading program for greenhouse gas trading, including lessons about the potential differences in design that may be necessary because of the different sources, science, mitigation options, and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Emissions trading; European Union; U.S. states; Corporate environmentalism; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10819 |
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| Ribaudo, Marc; Hansen, LeRoy T.; Hellerstein, Daniel; Greene, Catherine R.. |
| U.S. farmers and ranchers produce a wide variety of commodities for food, fuel, and fiber in response to market signals. Farms also contain significant amounts of natural resources that can provide a host of environmental services, including cleaner air and water, flood control, and improved wildlife habitat. Environmental services are often valued by society, but because they are a public good—that is, people can obtain them without paying for them—farmers and ranchers may not benefit financially from producing them. As a result, farmers and ranchers under-provide these services. This report explores the use of market mechanisms, such as emissions trading and eco-labels, to increase private investment in environmental stewardship. Such investments could... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Eco-labeling; Environmental service; Emissions trading; Market; Public good; Supply and demand; Transaction cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56473 |
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| Kruger, Joseph. |
| Much has been written about the economic and environmental performance of U.S. emissions trading programs for "acid rain" (sulfur dioxide) and nitrogen oxides. Less explored have been the unique roles and interactions of environmental regulators and the companies they regulate. I first examine how these roles change the way that regulators and companies operate within their own organizations and with each other. Next, I use examples from U.S. trading programs to illustrate the design and administrative features that allow program administrators and industry to best fulfill their respective roles. Finally, I examine briefly whether these features are present in the EU Emissions Trading System and determine the implications for its effectiveness. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Climate change; Environmental management; Information technology; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10489 |
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| Pezzey, John C.V.; Jotzo, Frank; Quiggin, John C.. |
| Effective climate policy requires global emissions of greenhouse gases to be cut substantially, which in energy sectors can be achieved by lower emissions supply technologies, greater energy use efficiency, and substitution in demand. For policy to be efficient requires fairly uniform, pervasive emission pricing from taxes, permit trading, or hybrid combinations of the two, as well as significant government support for low-emission technologies. We compare the kind of technology-focused climate policies currently adopted by Australia and the USA, the 'Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate' (AP6), against this ideal policy yardstick. We find they omit the need for emission pricing to achieve abatement effectively and efficiently; they... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Abatement; Emission taxes; Emissions trading; Technology policy; Innovation; Asia-Pacific Partnership; AP6; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10395 |
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| Jotzo, Frank; Betz, Regina. |
| A detailed proposal for an economy-wide emissions trading scheme in Australia was tabled by the government in December 2008 with a proposed start date for mid-2010. The government proposes unilateral linking, with no initial bilateral linkages, through the clean development mechanism and joint implementation. The proposal has resulted in serious concern about significant permit price increases and price capping, leading to a ban on permit sales. This research paper evaluates the proposed Australian scheme in relation to international emissions trading and linkages. Different scenarios for the Australian permit price under unilateral linking are considered. Options for bilateral linking with the European Union and New Zealand schemes are also evaluated,... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Climate change policy; Australia; Emissions trading; International linkages; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94814 |
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| Kruger, Joseph; Pizer, William A.. |
| The European Union is on the verge of establishing an emissions trading program ten times the size of the Acid Rain trading program in the United States. Its design takes advantage of many lessons from existing experience with trading programs, as well as economic theory, and innovates in important ways. While we view this as an impressive development, concerns about equity, enforcement, and efficiency remain. Specifically, a lack of data and weaker environmental institutions in some EU Member States raises questions about both allowance allocations and compliance and enforcement. Although much attention has focused on whether prices will be "too low" in the first phase of the program, a greater risk is that uncertainty about program elements, technology... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: European Union; Climate change; Emissions trading; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10679 |
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| Fowlie, Meredith; Perloff, Jeffrey M.. |
| According to the Coase theorem, if property rights to pollute are clearly established and emissions markets nearly eliminate transaction costs, the market equilibrium will be independent of how the permits are initially allocated across firms. Using panel data from Southern California's RECLAIM program, we find that initial allocations are a statistically significant determinant of firm-level emissions. This relationship between allocation and emissions is stronger among firms with relatively high transaction costs. Thus, care must be exercised in the initial allocation of permits to ensure efficiency. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Transaction costs; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25116 |
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| Ribaudo, Marc; Ghosh, Gaurav S.; Shortle, James S.. |
| The Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are promoting point/nonpoint trading as a way of reducing the costs of meeting water quality goals while giving nonpoint sources a larger role in meeting those goals. Farms can create offsets or credits in a point/nonpoint trading program by implementing management practices such as conservation tillage, nutrient management, and buffer strips. To be eligible to sell credits, farmers must first comply with baseline requirements. The EPA defines a baseline as the pollutant control requirements that apply to a seller in the absence of trading. EPA guidance recommends that the baseline for nonpoint sources be management practices that are consistent with the water quality goal. A... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint pollution; Emissions trading; Management practices; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49258 |
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| King, Helen. |
| A comprehensive emissions trading scheme (ETS) is Australia’s principal climate change policy instrument. There are undoubtedly benefits of full ETS coverage. However, if emissions that cannot be affordably, reasonably and accurately measured are included, these must be balanced against potential costs. This report explores why agriculture is different from other sectors. Agriculture’s diffuse and diverse emissions are inherently difficult to measure. They also fluctuate in response to environmental factors such as climate and biophysical characteristics. It is problematic to include the agriculture sector in the ETS, at reasonable cost and with incentives for behaviour change at the emission source. This is because of the climate and biophysical... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Greenhouse; Abatement; Emissions trading; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94809 |
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| Schwerd, Joachim. |
| At the beginning of December 2003 the ninth conference of the parties (COP) of the UN framework convention on climate change (Rio declaration 1992) will take place. This meeting is crucial as it depends only on Russia's ratification to get the Kyoto protocol started soon. This paper reflects the current state of the protocol and highlights the particular features of COP 9, e.g. the double ratification hurdle, which - as a technical speciality of the protocol - was suitable to strengthen Russia's position in these negotiations up to now. It will be discussed, why Russia shall comply with the protocol for its own sake, too. Only one of the flexible Kyoto instruments is considered hereby: emissions trading. Two arguments are used for making the point, that it... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Kyoto protocol; Emissions trading; Dynamic efficiency; Russia; Environmental Economics and Policy; B52; D78; D90; F18. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26184 |
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| Registros recuperados: 41 | |
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