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Predation of Piaractus mesopotamicus and Oreochromis niloticus larvae by Pantala flavescens with different length classes - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v33i4.5470 Biological Sciences
Lacerda, Carlos Henrique Figueiredo; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Hayashi, Carmino; Instituto de Pesca; Galdioli, Eliana Maria; Universidade de Maringá; Fernandes, Carlos Eduardo Bento; Universidade de Maringá.
The experiment had as objective to study the survival of Piaractus mesopotamicus and Oreochromis niloticus larvae subject to predation by Pantala flavescens larvae with different length classes. We used 120 larvae of P. mesopotamicus, 120 of O. niloticus, and also 24 larvae of Pantala flavescens, distributed in 24 aquariums with useful volume for 2 L, being placed one Odonate for aquarium. The treatments differed as regard to the prey species and the predator size, being kept a control treatment. An aquarium (2 L) containing one larvae of Odonate and 10 larvae of fish were considered an experimental unit. After the beginning, each three hours (18:00, 21:00, 0:00, 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00h), the remnant larvae of fish (alive) in each...
Palavras-chave: Experiment; Odonate; Fish larvae; Predator and prey experiment; Odonate; Fish larvae; Predator and prey.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/5470
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Maximizing wheat crop yield using a mobile thresher at small holdings CIGR Journal
F. A., Shreen; Badr, S.E.; Morad, M.M..
This study was carried out at a private farm in Owlad Sakr District, Sharkia governorate Egypt during 2015 summer season. It aimed to maximize wheat crop yield by modifying a stationary thresher. The modification involved tractor mounting the thresher to move among the field and the thresher was attached with a feeding device and a straw container. The experiment was established and designed statistically as a factorial experiment in complete randomized blocks with three replications. The tested treatments were wheat plant feeding rate levels of 500, 700,900 and 1100 kg/h and wheat plant moisture content levels of 16%, 18% and 20% (w.b.). The obtained results showed that the modified thresher decreased the total grain losses with 45.24%, increased the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Develop; Experiment; Threshing efficiency; Mobile thresher.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3505
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Evaluation of antibiotics as a methodological procedure to inhibit free-living and biofilm bacteria in marine zooplankton culture Anais da ABC (AABC)
Agostini,Vanessa O.; Macedo,Alexandre J.; Muxagata,Erik.
There is a problem with keeping culture medium completely or partially free from bacteria. The use of prokaryotic metabolic inhibitors, such as antibiotics, is suggested as an alternative solution, although such substances should not harm non-target organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments in inhibiting free-living and biofilm bacteria and their half-life in artificial marine environment using the copepod Acartia tonsa as bioindicador of non-harmful antibiotic combinations. Regarding to results, the application of 0.025 g L-1 penicillin G potassium + 0.08 g L-1 streptomycin sulphate + 0.04 g L-1 neomycin sulphate showed great potential for use in marine cultures and scientific experiments without...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Acartia tonsa; Antimicrobials; Experiment; Marine culture; Toxicity.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652016000200733
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HIGH PRESSURE VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF PALM FATTY ACIDS DISTILLATES-CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEM Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.
MACHADO,Nélio T.; BRUNNER,Gerd.
Vapor-Liquid equilibria of palm fatty acids distillates/carbon dioxide system has been investigated experimentally at temperatures of 333, 353, and 373 K and pressures of 20, 23, 26, and 29 MPa using the static method. Experimental data for the quasi-binary system palm fatty acids distillates/carbon dioxide has been correlated with Redlich-Kwong-Aspen equation of state. Modeling shows good agreement with experimental data. Selectivity obtained indicates that supercritical carbon dioxide is a reasonable solvent for separating saturated (palmitic acid) and unsaturated (oleic+linoleic acids) fatty acids from palm fatty acids distillates in a continuous multistage countercurrent column.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: High pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium; Experiment; Carbon dioxide; Fatty acids; Equation of state; Separation.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-20611997000400003
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Estimation of optimum experimental plot size for taro culture Ciência Rural
Silva,Willerson Custódio da; Puiatti,Mário; Cecon,Paulo Roberto; Macedo,Leandro Roberto de; Sediyama,Tocio.
ABSTRACT: Taro is a tropical tuberous vegetable that produces cormels of high nutritional and energetic value. In recent years, its cultivation has expanded, creating the need for more research. However, the experimental plot size interferes directly with the precision of the experiment.Literature describes several methods for establishing the optimum experimental plot size. The objective of the current research was to estimate the optimal experimental plot size for taro culture, utilizing the Modified Maximum Curvature Method. The field experiment was conducted in the vegetable garden of the Departamentode Fitotecnia of Universidade Federal de Viçosa, from September 2011 to June 2012, with Japanese taro. Twenty-two rows with 20 plants each were planted,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Colocasia esculenta; Yam; Experiment.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782019000500201
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Voluntary disclosure of contributions: an experimental study on nonmandatory approaches for improving public good provision Ecology and Society
Kreitmair, Ursula W.; Indiana University; ukreitma@indiana.edu.
There has been an increasing interest in nonpecuniary measures to encourage prosocial behavior. Among these is the use of social comparison, or social information. Although successful in promoting, for instance, greater resource conservation, studies of this measure have so far relied on the assumption of the availability of social information. In situations in which information is costly to collect and disseminate, alternative mechanisms must be considered. This study explores the use of voluntary disclosure to provide social information in a linear public goods game in a lab experiment. It finds that individuals tend to disclose their contribution information when given the option, suggesting that voluntarily disclosed social information remains a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Behavioral information; Cooperation; Experiment; Public goods; Social comparison; Social information; Social norms; Voluntary disclosure.
Ano: 2015
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Patch Size and Population Density: the Effect of Immigration Behavior Ecology and Society
Bowman, Jeff; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; jeff.bowman@mnr.gov.on.ca; Cappuccino, Naomi; Carleton University; ncappucc@ccs.carleton.ca; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca.
Many habitat fragmentation experiments make the prediction that animal population density will be positively related to fragment, or patch, size. The mechanism that is supposed to result in this prediction is unclear, but several recent reviews have demonstrated that population density often is negatively related to patch size. Immigration behavior is likely to have an important effect on population density for species that do not show strong edge effects, for species that have low emigration rates, and during short-term habitat fragmentation experiments. We consider the effect that different kinds of immigration behaviors will have on population density and we demonstrate that only a minority of possible scenarios produce positive density vs. patch size...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Colonization; Connectivity; Dispersal; Edge; Emigration; Experiment; Fragmentation; Immigration; Individuals-area relationships; Insular; Island biogeography; Landscape.
Ano: 2002
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Finite element model for the assessment of the mesh resistance to opening of fishing nets ArchiMer
Morvan, Barthelemy; Priour, Daniel; Guede, Zakoua; Bles, G..
The evaluation of the mesh resistance to opening of fishing nets is an important issue in assessing the selectivity of trawls by numerical methods. Sala et al. (2007) proposed a method using a relatively expensive experimental device ensuring the 2D deformation of net sample. De la Prada and Gonzales (2015) proposed a simple uni-axial experimental set-up, which stretches a sample in the transverse direction of the meshes while leaving free its deformation in the normal direction. Both authors (Sala and De la Prada) assumed that the deformation is uniform in the sample. The present study aims at developing a finite element model taking into account the mesh resistance to opening of nets, allowing the simulation of non-uniform deformation. Mechanical...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Netting; Mesh resistance to opening; Bending stiffness; Experiment; Numerical model.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00347/45813/49043.pdf
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Mécanismes sous-jacents du contrôle bottom-up des populations de sardines dans le Golfe du Lion : enseignements tirés des expériences et de la modélisation ArchiMer
Queiros, Quentin.
The Gulf of Lions has faced a sharp drop in the catches of its two main small pelagic exploited species, the sardine Sardina pilchardus and the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus since the mid-2000s, despite both population abundances remaining high. This situation has been due to a severe decrease in individual body condition and size as a result of both lower growth and the disappearance of the oldest and largest individuals. While overfishing, predation or disease outbreaks have been refuted to explain this situation, one major hypothesis remained to be investigated. A potential shift in sardine and anchovy diet towards smaller planktonic prey indeed suggested bottom-up control as the main driver of these populations in the Gulf of Lions. The first aim of...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Poissons petits pélagiques; Expérience; Processus bottom-up; Modélisation; Traits d'histoire de vie; Small pelagic fish; Experiment; Bottom-Up processes; Modeling; Life history traits.
Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00692/80420/83556.pdf
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Experimental study of the turbulence intensity effects on marine current turbines behaviour. Part I: One single turbine ArchiMer
Mycek, Paul; Gaurier, Benoit; Germain, Gregory; Pinon, Gregory; Rivoalen, Elie.
The ambient turbulence intensity in the upstream flow plays a decisive role in the behaviour of horizontal axis marine current turbines. Experimental trials, run in the IFREMER flume tank in Boulogne-Sur-Mer (France) for two different turbulence intensity rates, namely 3% and 15%, are presented. They show, for the studied turbine configuration, that while the wake of the turbine is deeply influenced by the ambient turbulence conditions, its mean performances turn out to be slightly modified. The presented conclusions are crucial in the view of implanting second generation turbines arrays. In addition, complete and detailed data sets (wake profiles and performance graphs) are made available to the scientific community in order to encourage further...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marine current turbine; Performance; Wake; Turbulence; Experiment; Flume tank.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00175/28647/27171.pdf
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Three tidal turbines in interaction: An experimental study of turbulence intensity effects on wakes and turbine performance ArchiMer
Gaurier, Benoit; Carlier, Clement; Germain, Gregory; Pinon, Grégory; Rivoalen, Elie.
The development of marine current turbine arrays depends on the understanding of the interaction effects that exist between turbines in close proximity. Moreover, the ambient turbulence intensity also plays a major role in the behaviour of tidal turbines. Thus it is necessary to take ambient turbulence into account when studying interaction effects between several turbines. In order to highlight these interaction effects, experiments have been carried out in the IFREMER flume tank. These experiments focus on interactions between three horizontal axis turbines. This paper presents the experimental results obtained for three configurations with two ambient turbulence intensity rates. The results are presented in terms of turbine wakes and performance. The...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marine current turbine; Performance; Wake; Turbulence; Array interaction; Experiment.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00588/69992/67900.pdf
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Some notes on taxonomic methodology Naturalis
Hammen, L. van der.
The present paper constitutes an introduction to taxonomic methodology. After an analysis of taxonomic practice, and a brief survey of kinds of attributes, the paper deals with observation, description, comparison, arrangement and classification, hypothesis construction, deduction, model, experiment, abstraction, and synthesis. The methodological aspects of the species-concept and of biological classification are dealt with in two final sections.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor Palavras-chave: Abstraction; Classification; Comparison; Deduction; Description; Experiment; Hypothesis; Methodology; Model; Observation; Species-concept; Synthesis; Systematics; Taxonomy; 42.03; 42.70.
Ano: 1986 URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/318283
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Experimental assessment of the effects of a Neotropical nocturnal piscivore on juvenile native and invasive fishes Neotropical Ichthyology
Santos,Alejandra F. G. N.; Alcaraz,Carles; Santos,Luciano N.; Hayashi,Carmino; García-Berthou,Emili.
We experimentally examined the predator-prey relationships between juvenile spotted sorubim Pseudoplastystoma corruscans and young-of-the-year invasive and native fish species of the Paraná River basin, Brazil. Three invasive (peacock bass Cichla piquiti, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus) and two native (yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae and streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus) fish species were offered as prey to P. corruscans in 300 L aquaria with three habitat complexity treatments (0%, 50% and 100% structure-covered). Prey survival was variable through time and among species (C. piquiti < O. niloticus < A. altiparanae < P. lineatus < I. punctatus), depending largely on species-specific prey...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Behavior; Experiment; Habitat Complexity; Predator-Prey Interactions; Pseudoplatystoma corruscans.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252012000100016
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Polarized Preferences In Homegrown Value Auctions AgEcon
Hurley, Terrance M.; Yue, Chengyan; Anderson, Neil O..
Incentive compatible auction experiments, often referred to as homegrown value auctions, have become a popular tool for exploring how controversial product attributes and knowledge of these attributes affect consumer willingness to pay. A common observation in these experiments is a prevalence of zero bids and bimodal bid distributions. One possible explanation is that individuals have polarized preferences: find all products with a particular attribute desirable (positive polarization) or undesirable (negative polarization). The purpose of this paper is to explore three questions. Do polarized preferences exist? If they do exist, can they be identified? If they can be identified, does their identification provide useful information? To answer these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Experiment; Auctions; Polarized Preferences; Invasive Plants; Homegrown Values; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D01; C18; C19; Q13.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103596
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In Search of Stars: Network Formation among Heterogeneous Agents AgEcon
Ule, Aljaz; Goeree, Jacob K.; Riedl, Arno.
This paper reports results from a laboratory experiment on network formation among heterogeneous agents. The experimental design extends the Bala-Goyal (2000) model of network formation with decay and two-way flow of benefits by allowing for agents with lower linking costs or higher benefits to others. Furthermore, agents' types may be common knowledge or private information. In all treatments, the (efficient) equilibrium network has a "star" structure. With homogeneous agents, equilibrium predictions fail completely. In contrast, with heterogeneous agents stars frequently occur, often with the high-value or low-cost agent in the center. Stars are not born but rather develop: with a high-value agent, the network's centrality, stability, and efficiency all...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Network Formation; Experiment; Heterogeneity; Private Information; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C72; C92; D82; D85.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9099
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Effects of Natural Shocks on Risk Behavior. Experimental Evidence from Cameroon AgEcon
Balgah, Roland Azibo; Buchenrieder, Gertrud.
Increasing occurrence of devastating natural shocks has stimulated research interest in the economics of natural disasters. Much of this scholarly work concentrates on effects of shocks on poverty, risk and vulnerability, and very little on understanding the effects of natural shocks on risk behavior. Referring to a 25 year-old disaster, we use unique survey data and experiment results from two disaster affected communities in rural Cameroon to test two hypotheses: (1) Natural shocks affect long term risk behavior; and (2) self-relocation into risk-prone areas is an explicit demonstration of risk taking. The results reveal differentiated risk behavior in self-relocated and state-resettled households, with the former taking higher risks compared to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Shocks; Risk behavior; Experiment; Cameroon; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114215
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Constrained School Choice: An Experimental Study AgEcon
Calsamiglia, Caterina; Haeringer, Guillaume; Klijn, Flip.
The literature on school choice assumes that families can submit a preference list over all the schools they want to be assigned to. However, in many real-life instances families are only allowed to submit a list containing a limited number of schools. Subjects' incentives are drastically affected, as more individuals manipulate their preferentes. Including a safety school in the constrained list explains most manipulations. Competitiveness across schools plays an important role. Constraining choices increases segregation and affects the stability and efficiency of the final allocation. Remarkably, the constraint reduces significantly the proportion of subjects playing a dominated strategy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: School Choice; Matching; Experiment; Gale-Shapley; Top Trading Cycles; Boston Mechanism; Efficiency; Stability; Truncation; Truthtelling; Safety School; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C72; C78; D78; I20.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50480
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Do Static Externalities Offset Dynamic Externalities? An Experimental Study of the Exploitation of Substitutable Common-Pool Resources AgEcon
Giordana, Gaston A.; Montginoul, Marielle; Willinger, Marc.
Overexploitation of coastal aquifers may lead to seawater intrusion, which irreversibly degrades groundwater. The seawater intrusion process may imply that its consequences would not be perceptible until after decades of accumulated overexploitation. In such a dynamic setting, static externalities may enhance the users’ awareness about the resource’s common nature, inducing more conservative individual behaviors. Aiming to evaluate this hypothesis, we experimentally test predictions from a dynamic game of substitutable common-pool resource (CPR) exploitation. The players have to decide whether to use a free private good or to extract from one of two costly CPRs. Our findings do not give substantial support to the initial conjecture. Nevertheless, the...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Substitutable goods; Dynamic externalities; Survival data; Proportional hazard; Experiment; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90842
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Zahlungsbereitschaften für Frischmilch aus der Region: Ergebnisse einer Kontingenten Bewertung und einer experimentellen Untersuchung AgEcon
Schroeder, Carsten; Burchardi, Henrike; Thiele, Holger D..
In this paper we present the results of a contingent valuation study and an experimental approach to estimating the willingness to pay for fresh milk produced in the consumer's own region. In contrast to the fictitious contingent valuation study, responses in the experimental investigation are connected with real demand decisions and real financial payoffs in an incentive-compatible way. The experimental setup allows to quantify the bias in stated willingness to pay that results from the contingent valuation’s hypothetical character. In essence, the data suggest that there exists a considerable demand for milk from the consumers` home region. Yet, significantly less demand is found in the experimental investigation. At the same time, subjects accept...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Willingness-to-pay; Contingent valuation; Experiment; Incentive compatibility; Food of the own region; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97323
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Strategic Self-Ignorance AgEcon
Thunstrom, Linda; Nordstrom, Jonas; Shogren, Jason F.; Ehmke, Mariah D..
This paper analyzes if people use ignorance as an excuse to pursue immediate gratification, at the expense of future wellbeing, a behavior we label ‘strategic self-ignorance’. In a theoretical model we show that present-biased individuals benefit from choosing ignorance of the potentially negative impact of present consumption, and that ignorance leads to over consumption of harmful goods. In an experiment we empirically test for strategic self-ignorance. The experiment entails prepared meals, for which subjects may be familiar with the taste (immediate utility) but are uninformed of the calorie content (potential harm to future health). Subjects are offered costless information on the calorie content of the meal alternatives. A majority of subjects (58...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Strategic ignorance; Harmful consumption; Experiment; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123949
Registros recuperados: 26
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