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	Provedor de dados 31 (47) Autor Zhang, ZhongXiang (8) Antoniou, Fabio (2) Colyer, Dale (2) Hatzipanayotou, Panos (2) Karp, Larry S. (2) Koundouri, Phoebe (2) Reimer, Jeffrey J. (2) Saunders, Caroline M. (2) Ameden, Holly A. (1) Aralas, Sarma B. (1) Asche, Frank (1) Avery, Brock (1) Bachiller Mendez, Ignacio (1) Bao, Qin (1) Beghin, John C. (1) Blandford, David (1) Boadu, Frederick O. (1) Bohle, Hans-Georg (1) Bouet, Antoine (1) Brunstad, Rolf Jens (1) Mais... Palavra-chave F18 (47) Environmental Economics and Policy (29) Q56 (18) International Relations/Trade (15) Q54 (13) Q58 (12) Q17 (10) F13 (9) Q48 (8) WTO (6) Agricultural and Food Policy (5) Resource /Energy Economics and Policy (5) Environment (4) F12 (4) Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies (4) Trade and environment (4) Crop Production/Industries (3) Developing countries (3) Doha Round (3) Environmental Goods and Services (3) Mais... Tipo do documento Working or Discussion Paper (20) Conference Paper or Presentation (13) Journal Article (6) Working Paper (5) Presentation (3) Ano 2012 (4) 2011 (6) 2010 (10) 2009 (1) 2008 (5) 2007 (6) 2006 (1) 2005 (4) 2004 (2) 2003 (5) 2002 (3) Mais... País United States (47) Idioma Inglês (43) Alemão (2) Espanhol (2)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 47 Primeira ... 1 2 3 ... Última Economic Determinants of Invasion and Discovery of Nonindigenous Insects 31 Hlasny, Vladimir; Livingston, Michael J.. Introductions of nonindigenous organisms into the United States have been linked to international trade. The individual contributions of imports, immigration, and international travel, however, are poorly understood because introduction dates are unavailable. We examine relationships between economic trends and discoveries of nonindegenous insects and use these relationships to infer the timing and determinants of introductions. We find that a few variables can explain much variation in species introductions and identifications. The most significant contributor to the introduction appears to be agricultural imports. Currently available proxies for academic effort are weak determinants of the probability that introduced species are identified. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Identifications; Insects; Introductions; Invasive species; Nonindegenous; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; F18; N7; Q56. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45044 Second Best Environmental Policies under Uncertainty 31 Antoniou, Fabio; Hatzipanayotou, Panos; Koundouri, Phoebe. We construct a strategic trade model of an international duopoly, whereby production by exporting firms generates a local pollutant. Governments use environmental policies, i.e., an emissions standard or a tax, to control pollution and for rent shifting purposes. Contrary to their firm, however, governments are unable to perfectly foresee the actual level of demand, the cost of abatement and the damage caused from pollution. Under these modes of uncertainty we derive sufficient conditions under which the governments optimally choose an emissions tax over an emissions standard. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Strategic Environmental Policy; Pollution; Choice of Policy Instrument; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; F12; F18; Q58. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59375 The U.S. Proposed Carbon Tariffs, WTO Scrutiny and China’s Responses 31 Zhang, ZhongXiang. With countries from around the world set to meet in Copenhagen to try to hammer out a post-2012 climate change agreement, no one would disagree that a U.S. commitment to cut greenhouse gas emissions is essential to such a global pact. However, despite U.S. president Obama’s recent announcement to push for a commitment to cut U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 17% by 2020, in reality it is questionable whether U.S. Congress will agree to specific emissions cuts, although they are not ambitious at all from the perspectives of both the EU and developing countries, without the imposition of carbon tariffs on Chinese products to the U.S. market, even given China’s own recent announcement to voluntarily seek to reduce its carbon intensity by 40-45% over the same... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Post-2012 Climate Negotiations; Border Carbon Adjustments; Carbon Tariffs; Emissions Allowance Requirements; Cap-And-Trade Regime; Lieberman-Warner Bill; Waxman-Markey Bill; World Trade Organization; Kyoto Protocol; China; United States; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q48; Q54; Q56; Q58. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60682 The Excitement and Value of Discovering Tourism Economics: Clem Tisdell's Journey 31 Tisdell, Clement A.. Outlines how Clem Tisdell came to discover tourism economics and charts the basic route that he followed in developing that interest. This article is developed by first considering his early years (1939 to 1960), that is the period prior to his commencement of postgraduate studies at the Australian National University, then his postgraduate studies at the Australian National University (1961-1963), and his lecturing appointment at this university in the period 1964-1972. It was towards the end of this period that his research interests started to change significantly and provided a springboard for his later focus on tourism economics and the environment. It was during his appointment as Professor of Economics at the University of Newcastle (1972-1989) that... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: China; Ecological economics; Economic development; Environmental economics; India; Nature-based tourism; Sustainable tourism; Tourism economics; Wildlife conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; F18; L83; O10; Q5. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90631 Unravelling the Worldwide Pollution Haven Effect 31 Grether, Jean-Marie; Mathys, Nicole A.; de Melo, Jaime. This paper tackles the “pollution haven” argument by estimating the pollution content of imports (PCI). The PCI is then decomposed into three components: (i) a “deep” component (i.e. traditional variables unrelated to the environmental debate); (ii) a factor endowment component and (iii) a “pollution haven” component reflecting the impact of differences in environmental policies. The estimation is carried out for 1987 for an extensive data set covering 10 pollutants, 48 countries and 79 ISIC 4-digit sectors. Decompositions based on cross-section econometric estimates suggest a significant pollution haven effect which increases the PCI of the North because of stricter environmental regulations in the North. At the same time, the factor endowment effect... Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Trade and The Environment; Pollution Haven Effect; Factor Endowment Effect; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q56. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119097 Enforcement and Environmental Quality in a Decentralized Emission Trading System 31 D'Amato, Alessio; Valentini, Edilio. This paper addresses the issue of whether the powers of monitoring compliance and allocating tradeable emissions allowances within a federation of countries should be appointed to a unique federal regulator or decentralized to several local regulators. To this end, we develop a two stage game played by environmental regulator(s) and the polluting industries of two countries. Regulator(s) choose the amount of emission allowances to be issued and set the level of monitoring effort to achieve full compliance, while regulated firms choose actual emissions and the number of permits to be held. We identify various, possibly conflicting, spillovers among states in a decentralized setting. We show that cost advantage in favor of local regulators is not sufficient... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading; Environmental Federalism; Enforcement; Monitoring Cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; K42; Q53. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46654 The Pollution Haven Hypothesis: A Geographic Economy Model in a Comparative Study 31 Kheder, Sonia Ben; Zugravu, Natalia. Although based on theoretical foundations, the pollution haven hypothesis has never been clearly proven empirically. In this study, we re-examine this hypothesis by a fresh take on both its theoretical and empirical aspects. While applying a geographic economy model on French firm-level data, we confirm the hypothesis for the global sample. Through sensitivity analysis, we validate it for Central and Eastern European countries, emerging and high-income OECD countries, but not for the major part of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries. Finally, we show that the pollution haven hypothesis is confirmed in the strongest manner for emerging economies. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: FDI; Environmental Regulation; Economic Geography; Pollution Haven Hypothesis; Environmental Economics and Policy; F12; F18; Q28. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44223 Import Demand Estimation and the Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem 31 Asche, Frank; Guttormsen, Atle G.; Kristofersson, Dadi; Roheim, Cathy A.. A frequently encountered problem in import demand estimation is how to account for competition between imports and domestic production. Traditionally, use of the Armington model has been a way to handle this problem. This is a disaggregate model which distinguishes commodities by country of origin with import demand determined in a separable two-step procedure. The model appears frequently in analysis of international agricultural markets. However, the Armington model relies on a set of weak separability assumptions, which several authors have shown to be highly questionable. In this paper, a new aggregation theorem, the Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem (GCCT), is applied to test whether imports can be treated as a separate group. An advantage with... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Armington; Separability; GCCT; Demand system; Sword fish; International Relations/Trade; F18; Q11; Q22. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19432 Global Demand for U.S. Environmental Goods and Services 31 Avery, Brock; Boadu, Frederick O.. This paper reports import demand elasticities for environmental goods and services (EGS) for the world in aggregate and for six world regions. The paper involves a pooled cross-section and time-series estimation procedure and makes per capita demand for EGS a function of economic, political, and structural factors. The results show that per capita incomes, exchange rates, political and economic freedoms, and debt affect the demand for EGS. The results also show that demand for EGS is tied to the particular environmental problem facing a particular region. Exporters of EGS need to disaggregate world markets to better target products. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Demand elasticities; Environmental goods; International trade; F18; F14. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42895 Climate Change Meets Trade in Promoting Green Growth: Potential Conflicts and Synergies 31 Zhang, ZhongXiang. To date, border adjustment measures in the form of emissions allowance requirements (EAR) under the U.S. proposed cap-and-trade regime are the most concrete unilateral trade measure put forward to level the carbon playing field. If improperly implemented, such measures could disturb the world trade order and trigger a trade war. Because of these potentially far-reaching impacts, this paper focuses on this type of unilateral border adjustment, which requires importers to acquire and surrender emissions allowances corresponding to the embedded carbon contents in their goods from countries that have not taken climate actions comparable to that of home country. This discussion is mainly on the legality of unilateral EAR under the WTO rules. Given that the... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Post-2012 climate negotiations; Border carbon adjustments; Carbon tariffs; Emissions allowance requirements; Cap-and-trade regime; Lieberman-Warner bill; Waxman-Markey bill; World Trade Organization; Kyoto Protocol; Developing countries; United States; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q48; Q54; Q56; Q58. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59475 Trade Costs and the Gains from Trade in Crop Agriculture 31 Reimer, Jeffrey J.; Li, Man. Forthcoming in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Geography; Grains; Trade costs; Trade liberalization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q17; Q54; F18. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61169 Border Enforcement and Firm Response in the Management of Invasive Species 31 Ameden, Holly A.; Cash, Sean B.; Zilberman, David. This analysis presents a theoretical model of firm response to border enforcement and evaluates both the intended and unintended effects under two enforcement regimes: destruction versus treatment of contaminated shipments. The results indicate that importers may respond to increased inspection by reducing shipments and decreasing due care. In response to increased pest populations, firms may reduce shipments and increase due care, indicating that an enforcement response may not be necessary. The analysis reveals the importance of the nature of the due-care technology, as well as the relationships underlying the probability of detection, in determining the effects of enforcement. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Border enforcement; Environmental regulation; Invasive species; Trade and environment; F18; L51; Q17; Q56; Q58. Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37112 Existe un conflicto entre la globalizacion del turismo y los recursos naturales? 31 Font, Antoni Riers; Parrilla, Javier Capo; Tous, Teresa Palmer. La globalización, así como el turismo internacional, son dos de los fenómenos económicos más analizados en los últimos años, tanto por su creciente importancia como por sus visibles efectos sobre la economía. La notable expansión del turismo tiene como origen, en gran parte, las mismas causas que explican la globalización económica, de ahí que, a menudo, se hable de‘globalización turística’. Uno de los argumentos más utilizados por los detractores de la globalización es su elevado impacto en términos ambientales. En este sentido, resulta obligado reflexionar sobre la existencia de un potencial conflicto entre el, cada vez mayor, desarrollo turístico y la conservación de los recursos naturales. Una cuestión ésta que adquiere especial importancia en el caso... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Globalization; Tourism; Environmental Impacts; Management Tools of Natural Resources; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F18; H23; L83; Q34. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7994 Agricultural Trade Liberalisation and Strategic Environmental Policy 31 Glebe, Thilo W.; Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe. We use an extended partial equilibrium trade model to derive optimal environmental policy responses to tariff reduction requirements and assess the impact of such policies on the welfare of trading partners. We find that countries which attribute preferential political weights to farmers' welfare have an incentive to implement environmental policies that deviate from the Pigouvian solution - even if production is not de facto linked to environmental externalities. We clarify the conditions under which trading partners do not gain from unilateral trade liberalisation if trade concessions are accompanied by strategic environmental policy changes. We postulate a role for the WTO in overseeing the process of domestic policy formulation. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Trade liberalisation; Strategic environmental policy; Multifunctionality; Agri-environmental policy; WTO; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; F11; F18; Q17. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24609 Environmental Regulation and the Export Dynamics of Energy Technologies 31 Costantini, Valeria; Crespi, Francesco. The pollution haven hypothesis affirms that an open market regime will encourage the flow of low technology polluting industries toward developing countries, due to potential comparative advantages related to low environmental standards. In contrast, the hypothesis suggested by Porter and van der Linde claims for a competitive dynamic behaviour by innovating firms, allowing a global diffusion of environmental-friendly technologies. Environmental regulation may represent a relevant mechanism through which technological change is induced. In this way countries subject to more stringent environmental regulations may become net exporters of environmental technologies. This paper provides new evidence on the evolution of export flows of environmental... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Environmental Regulation; Trade and Environment; Energy Technologies; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; F21; Q43; Q55; Q56. Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9550 Green industrial policy: trade and theory 31 Karp, Larry S.; Stevenson, Megan. This paper studies the reality and the potential for green industrial policy. We provide a summary of the green industrial policies, broadly understood, for five countries. We then consider the relation between green industrial policies and trade disputes, emphasizing the Brazil-US dispute involving ethanol and the broader US-China dispute. The theory of public policy provides many lessons for green industrial policy. We select four of these lessons, involving the Green Paradox, the choice of quantities versus prices with endogenous investment, the coordination issues arising from emissions control, and the ability of green industrial policies to promote cooperation in reducing a global public bad like carbon emissions. Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Green industrial policy; Trade conflicts; Green paradox; Asymmetric information; Coordination games; Participation games; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F13; F18; H21; H23. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123637 CDM Baseline Construction for Vietnam National Electricity Grid 31 Tuyen, Tran Minh; Michaelowa, Axel. For projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), a baseline has to be set to allow calculation of the greenhouse gas emissions reductions achieved. An important obstacle to CDM project development is the lack of data for baseline definition; often project developers do not have access to data and therefore incur high transaction costs to collect them. The government of Vietnam has set up all necessary institutions for CDM, wants to promote CDM projects and thus is interested to reduce transaction costs. We calculate emission factors of the Vietnam electricity grid according to the rules defined by the CDM Executive Board for small scale projects and for large renewable electricity generation projects. The emission factors lie between 365 and 899 g... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: CDM; Baseline; Electricity generation; Vietnam; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; D62; F18; Q25; Q41. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26393 Agricultural Trade and Freshwater Resources 31 Reimer, Jeffrey J.. Approximately 75% of all water used by humans goes towards food production, much of which is traded internationally. This study formally models how this works in the case of crop agriculture, making use of recent advances in international trade theory and new data on the productivity by which countries use water for crop agriculture. The strength of the model lies in its ability to predict, when there is a shock to the system, how trade between pairs of specific countries changes for products that use water intensively. In one application of the model, international trade in final products is shown to be a means for countries to deal with short- and long-run shocks to water resources that are too big for one country to handle by itself in isolation. In... Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate change; Simulation; Trade liberalization; Water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F11; F18; Q25; Q54. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123944 Property Rights, Mobile Capital, and Comparative Advantage 31 Karp, Larry S.. Recent papers use sector-specific factor models with mobile labor to show that imperfect property rights can be a source of comparative advantage. In these model, weaker property rights to the specific factor in a sector attract the mobile factor and increase the country's comparative advantage for that sector. If capital in addition to labor is mobile, and if the benefits of capital are non-excludable or if the degree of property rights is endogenous, a deterioration of property rights has ambiguous effects on comparative advantage. The presence of a second mobile factor also makes the relation between the equilibrium wage-rental ratio and the degree of property rights ambiguous. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Imperfect property rights; Comparative advantage; General equilibrium.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F02; F16; F18; D23. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25113 ARGOS - Modelling the Economic, Environmental, and Social Implications for New Zealand from Different Scenarios Relating to the Demand and Supply of Organic Products 31 Saunders, Caroline M.; Emanuelsson, Martin. This paper reports on some of the initial findings of the ARGOS (Agricultural Research Group on (Sustainability) programme, a 6 year quasi-experimental research project with the aim to model the economic, environmental, and social differences between organic, environmentally friendly and conventional systems of production. In the first section the paper reviews the development of organic markets, details the production costs and reports some preliminary results from ARGOS. The information is then used to develop potential future scenarios relating to the organic sector, which are assessed using the Lincoln Trade and Environment Model (LTEM), a partial equilibrium trade model that differentiates between organic and conventional production methods. This... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Sustainability; New Zealand; Organic markets; ARGOS; Demand and Price Analysis; F18; Q17. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24724 Registros recuperados: 47 Primeira ... 1 2 3 ... 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Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Todos os direitos reservados, conforme Lei n° 9.610 Política de Privacidade Área restrita		Embrapa Parque Estação Biológica - PqEB s/n° Brasília, DF - Brasil - CEP 70770-901 Fone: (61) 3448-4433 - Fax: (61) 3448-4890 / 3448-4891 SAC: https://www.embrapa.br/fale-conosco