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Análise de processos alternativos na preparação de esqueletos para uso didático - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i4.5876 Biological Sciences
Silveira, Márcio José da; UEM; Teixeira, Gustavo Monteiro; UNESP/Botucatu; Oliveira, Edson Fontes de; UEM.
Laboratórios de Zoologia em Instituições de Pesquisa e Ensino têm demonstrado grande demanda por peças anatômicas para utilização em aulas práticas. No entanto, embora a bibliografia voltada para este tema não seja escassa, são raras as análises das relações custo/benefício de tais processos levando em consideração aspectos técnicos, como tempo de preparo, qualidade das peças e recursos materiais e humanos. Além de técnicas usualmente utilizadas, novos produtos de baixo custo, não-citados na literatura e encontrados facilmente no mercado, também foram testados. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi a elaboração e organização de informações sobre técnicas alternativas de maceração de peças ósseas para coleções didáticas, realizando análises comparativas...
Palavras-chave: Maceração; Clarificação de esqueletos; Peróxido de hidrogênio; Suco de mamão maceration; Skeleton clarification; Hydrogen peroxide; Papaya juice.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/5876
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Experimental study on the performance of microwave assisted Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pretreatment of rice straw CIGR Journal
Singh, Renu; Tiwari, Sapna; Srivastava, Monika; Shukla, Ashish.
Biofuels are essentials as they can provide impending substitute for fossil fuels.  Rice straw has gained much attention from researchers because of its usability as a potential feedstock for bioethanol production.  Pre-treatments are crucial for enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw.  In this study, combination of microwave and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is employed for the delignification of rice straw.  The Response surface methodology is used to optimize the pretreatment conditions with respect to H2O2 concentration, microwave power and irradiation time.  Under optimum conditions, maximum reducing sugar obtained through microwave assisted H2O2 is 1,453.64 µg/mL.  The chemical and morphological analysis ascertained that the surface of the samples treated...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Bio-ethanol Biomass Enzymatic hydrolysis; Rice straw; Biofuel; Microwave; Hydrogen peroxide.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2633
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Low concentrations of doxycycline attenuates FasL-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells Biol. Res.
Yoon,Jung Mi; Koppula,Sushruta; Huh,Se Jong; Hur,Sun Jin; Kim,Chan Gil.
BACKGROUND: Doxycycline (DC) has been shown to possess non-antibiotic properties including Fas/Fas Ligand (FasL)-mediated apoptosis against several tumor types in the concentration range of 10-40 &#956;g/mL. However, the effect of DC in apoptotic signaling at much low concentrations was not studied. METHODS: The present study investigated the attenuation effect of low dose of DC on FasL-induced apoptosis in HeLa cell by the methods of MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry analysis, and western blotting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the present findings we showed that low concentration of DC (<2.0 &#956;g/mL) exhibited protective effects against FasL-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. FasL treatment to HeLa cells...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Apoptosis; Caspase; Cisplatin; FasL; Hydrogen peroxide; Tetracycline.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602015000100038
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Interference of a commercial catalase preparation in laccase and peroxidase activities BABT
Ballaminut,Nara; Yamanaka,Renata; Machado,Katia Maria Gomes.
The influence of commercial catalase preparations (fungal and bovine origin) on laccase and peroxidase activity assays was evaluated using enzymatic extracts obtained from several basidiomycetes grown under different culture conditions. No hydrogen peroxide was detected in the extracts. Inhibition of laccase activity by 40 to 80% was related to the catalase source. In addition, oxidation of the substrate (ABTS) by fungal catalase in the absence of the enzymatic extract from basidiomycetes was observed. The results demonstrated the need for the evaluation of interference of the commercial catalase preparation when its use was required in the reaction mixture.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Peroxidase; Fungi; Basidiomycetes; Hydrogen peroxide; Enzymatic inhibition.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132009000500017
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Characterization of native and oxidized starches of two varieties of Peruvian carrot (Arracacia xanthorrhiza, B.) from two production areas of Paraná state, Brazil BABT
Matsuguma,Luciana Shizue; Lacerda,Luiz Gustavo; Schnitzler,Egon; Carvalho Filho,Marco Aurélio da Silva; Franco,Célia Maria Landi; Demiate,Ivo Mottin.
Two commercial varieties of Peruvian carrot ('Amarela de Carandaí' and 'Senador Amaral') were processed into flour, starch and bagasse and chemically evaluated. The starch was extracted, modified with H2O2 and characterized by the physicochemical methods. By using the methylene blue dyeing, the granules of the modified starches showed intense blue color. The carboxyl content, the reducing power and the amount of the water liberated from the pastes after the freeze-thawing were higher for the oxidized starches and their pastes were clearer than those of the native starches of the two varieties from the two production areas. The RVA viscoamylography showed that the modified starches had lower viscosities with differences between the varieties. In the thermal...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Peruvian carrot varieties; Starch; Hydrogen peroxide; Technological properties.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132009000300022
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Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidative Damage on Mineral Density and Mechanical Properties of Bone BABT
Cicek,Ekrem; Cakmak,Enes.
ABSTRACT Hydrogen peroxide is a common reactive oxygen species involved in the catalytic mechanism though it is toxic to cells due to its oxidative nature. This work investigates the effects of hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative damage on bone mineral density and mechanical properties of bone which is primarily a composite material composed primarily of collagen fibers and biominerals. Sheep leg bones were exposed to hydrogen peroxide for a week. Bone mineral density was measured by using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Compressive modulus tests were applied to bone in order to determine mechanical properties. Our study shows that the hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress has negative effects on bone mineral density and stiffness. We observed...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Bone mineral density; Compressive modulus; Hydrogen peroxide; Reactive oxygen species.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132018000100320
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Efeito do etanol e do peróxido de hidrogênio intragástrico sobre a mucosa gástrica de rã (Rana catesbeiana, SHAW) BABT
Estivallet,Hidê Virgínia; Rodrigues,Maria Inês; Marroni,Norma Possa.
This work investigated the frog gastric mucosa response to hydrogen peroxide and ethanol induced injury. Acid and mucus secretion were estimated "in vitro" in control animals with intragastric absolute ethanol (1ml/30min. or 2ml/60min.) and hydrogen peroxide. The gastric mucosa morphological conditions were assessed "in vivo", concerning lesion area, pH and mucus. Ethanol (1ml/30min.) was observed to cause hyperemia, cell damage, rupture, edema, erosions, necrosis in gastric mucosa and significant increase in acid secretion. Absolute ethanol (2ml/60min.) caused a decrease in acid secretion due to alcalinization and an increase of mucus and pH. Intragastric hydrogem peroxide provoked gastric unwrinkling and hyperemia, acid secretions were not increased,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Gastric acid secretion; Mucus; Ethanol; Hydrogen peroxide; Frog.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89131998000100007
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The effect of phosphoethanolamine intake on mortality and macrophage activity in mice with solid ehrlich tumors BABT
Arruda,Maria Sueli Parreira de; Correa,Mara Adriana; Venturini,James; Félix,Maira Camila; Rosis,Ana Maria Bormio De; Galhiane,Mário Sérgio; Chierice,Gilberto Orivaldo; Costa,Maria Renata Sales Nogueira.
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a diet rich in synthetic PEtn on the metabolism macrophages of tumor-bearing mice. The results demonstrated that PEtn increased the animals' survival time. In addition, the treated animals released smaller amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) than the non-treated animals, particularly after day 14. From the results it could be concluded that H2O2 and NO were important in the modulation of neoplastic growth, and pointed to a promising role of PEtn in the control of human neoplasms.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Phosphoethanolamine; Ehrlich tumor; Nitric oxide; Hydrogen peroxide; Lipids.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132011000600016
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Effects of hydrogen peroxide mouthwash on preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit BJID
Nobahar,Monir; Razavi,Mohammad Reza; Malek,Farhad; Ghorbani,Raheb.
Abstract Aims The aim of the study was to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) mouthwash on the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 68 patients. The intervention group used 3% HP as mouthwash and the control group used mouthwashes with 0.9% normal saline (NS) twice a day. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (MCPIS). MCPIS includes five items, body temperature: white blood cell count, pulmonary secretions, the ratio of pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), and the chest X-ray. Each of these items scored 0–2. Scores ≥6 were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Nosocomial infection; Ventilator associated pneumonia; Hydrogen peroxide; Intensive care unit.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702016000500444
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Cytotoxic activity of BCG-activated macrophages against L929 tumor cells is nitric oxide-dependent BJMBR
Nascimento,F.R.F.; Ribeiro-Dias,F.; Russo,M..
The tumoricidal activity of activated macrophages has been attributed largely to the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or to the production of reactive oxygen or nitrogen intermediates. The L929 tumor cell line (a murine fibroblast-like cell) when treated with actinomycin D (ActD) has been used to measure TNF<FONT FACE="Symbol">a</FONT> cytotoxicity. In the present study, we determined the cytotoxic activity of BCG-activated peritoneal macrophages against ActD-untreated L929 tumor cells. Furthermore, we measured the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and TNF by macrophages cultured in the presence or absence of L929 cells. As expected, BCG-activated macrophages produced significant amounts of H2O2 (16.0 ± 3.0 µM),...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Cytotoxicity; Macrophages; L929 tumor cells; Nitric oxide; TNF; Hydrogen peroxide.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1998001200012
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Identification and in vitro production of Lactobacillus antagonists from women with or without bacterial vaginosis BJMBR
Branco,K.M.G.R.; Nardi,R.M.D.; Moreira,J.L.S.; Nunes,A.C.; Farias,L.M.; Nicoli,J.R.; Carvalho,M.A.R..
Lactobacilli isolated from the vaginal tract of women with and without bacterial vaginosis (BV) were identified and characterized for the production of antagonists. Bacterial samples were isolated from healthy women (N = 16), from patients with clinical complaints but without BV (N = 30), and from patients with BV (N = 32). Identification was performed using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. Production of antagonistic compounds was evaluated by the double-layer diffusion technique using Gram-positive (N = 9) and Gram-negative bacteria (N = 6) as well as yeast (N = 5) as indicator strains. Of a total of 147 isolates, 133 were identified as pertaining to the genus Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus crispatus was the species most frequently recovered,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Lactobacillus; Bacterial vaginosis; Antagonism; Hydrogen peroxide; Identification.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2010000400003
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Therapeutic concentration of morphine reduces oxidative stress in glioma cell line BJMBR
Almeida,M.B.; Costa-Malaquias,A.; Nascimento,J.L.M.; Oliveira,K.R.; Herculano,A.M.; Crespo-López,M.E..
Morphine is a potent analgesic opioid used extensively for pain treatment. During the last decade, global consumption grew more than 4-fold. However, molecular mechanisms elicited by morphine are not totally understood. Thus, a growing literature indicates that there are additional actions to the analgesic effect. Previous studies about morphine and oxidative stress are controversial and used concentrations outside the range of clinical practice. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that a therapeutic concentration of morphine (1 μM) would show a protective effect in a traditional model of oxidative stress. We exposed the C6 glioma cell line to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or morphine for 24 h and evaluated cell viability, lipid peroxidation, and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Morphine; Glia; Oxidative stress; Hydrogen peroxide; Lipid peroxidation; Opiod.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2014000500398
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Age-related changes and effects of regular low-intensity exercise on gait, balance, and oxidative biomarkers in the spinal cord of Wistar rats BJMBR
Silveira,E.M.S.; Kroth,A.; Santos,M.C.Q.; Silva,T.C.B.; Silveira,D.; Riffel,A.P.K.; Scheid,T.; Trapp,M.; Partata,W.A..
The present study aimed to analyze age-related changes to motor coordination, balance, spinal cord oxidative biomarkers in 3-, 6-, 18-, 24-, and 30-month-old rats. The effects of low-intensity exercise on these parameters were also analyzed in 6-, 18-, and 24-month-old rats. Body weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were assessed for all rats. The soleus muscle weight/body weight ratio was used to estimate skeletal muscle mass loss. Body weight increased until 24 months; only 30-month-old rats exhibited decreased blood glucose and increased total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. The soleus muscle weight/body weight ratio increased until 18 months, followed by a small decrease in old rats. Exercise did not...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Superoxide anion generation; Hydrogen peroxide; Total thiol content; Lipid hydroperoxide levels; Total antioxidant capacity; Superoxide dismutase.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2019000700608
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Treatment with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol modulates oxidative-stress markers in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain BJMBR
Riffel,A.P.K.; Santos,M.C.Q.; de Souza,J.A.; Scheid,T.; Horst,A.; Kolberg,C.; Belló-Klein,A.; Partata,W.A..
Vitamin E (vit. E) and vitamin C (vit. C) are antioxidants that inhibit nociception. The effect of these vitamins on oxidative-stress markers in the spinal cord of rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is unknown. This study investigated the effect of intraperitoneal administration of vit. E (15 mg·kg-1·day-1) and vit. C (30 mg·kg-1·day-1), given alone or in combination, on spinal cord oxidative-stress markers in CCI rats. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were divided equally into the following groups: Naive (rats did not undergo surgical manipulation); Sham (rats in which all surgical procedures involved in CCI were used except the ligature), and CCI (rats in which four ligatures were tied loosely around the right...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Total thiol; Superoxide anion generation; Nitric oxide; Lipid hydroperoxides; Hydrogen peroxide; Total antioxidant capacity.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2018000400612
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Effect of trolox C on cardiac contracture induced by hydrogen peroxide BJMBR
Belló-Klein,A.; Oliveira,A.R.; Miranda,M.F.S.; Irigoyen,M.C.; Homem-de-Bittencourt Jr.,P.I.; Llesuy,S.; Belló,A.A..
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) perfused into the aorta of the isolated rat heart induces a positive inotropic effect, with cardiac arrhythmia such as extrasystolic potentiation or cardiac contractures, depending on the dose. The last effect is similar to the "stone heart" observed in reperfusion injury and may be ascribed to lipoperoxidation (LPO) of the membrane lipids, to protein damage, to reduction of the ATP level, to enzymatic alterations and to cardioactive compounds liberated by LPO. These effects may result in calcium overload of the cardiac fibers and contracture ("stone heart"). Hearts from male Wistar rats (300-350 g) were perfused at 31oC with Tyrode, 0.2 mM trolox C, 256 mM H2O2 or trolox C + H2O2. Cardiac contractures (baseline elevation of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Trolox C; "stone heart"; Free radicals; Hydrogen peroxide.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1997001100013
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Antioxidant responses of Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta) after exposure to hydrogen peroxide BJMBR
Rosa,C.E. da; Bianchini,A.; Monserrat,J.M..
The effects of H2O2 were evaluated in the estuarine worm Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) collected at the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil) and maintained in the laboratory under controlled salinity (10 psu diluted seawater) and temperature (20°C). The worms were exposed to H2O2 (10 and 50 µM) for 4, 7, and 10 days and the following variables were determined: oxygen consumption, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase activity in both the supernatant and pellet fractions of whole body homogenates. The concentrations of non-protein sulfhydryl and lipid peroxides (LPO) were also measured. The oxygen consumption response was biphasic, decreasing after 4 days and increasing after 7 and 10 days of exposure to 50 µM H2O2 (P < 0.05). At the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Worms; Laeonereis acuta; Hydrogen peroxide; Oxidative stress; Antioxidant enzymes; Oxygen consumption.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008000200007
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Gastrodin induced HO-1 and Nrf2 up-regulation to alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells through p38 MAPK phosphorylation BJMBR
Zhang,Hongbin; Yuan,Bo; Huang,Hanfei; Qu,Siming; Yang,Shikun; Zeng,Zhong.
Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been implicated in several detoxifying and antioxidant defense processes. Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was demonstrated to play a key role against oxidative stress. Gastrodin (GSTD) is a well-known active compound isolated from the roots of Rhizoma gastrodiae, a plant used in ancient Chinese traditional medicine. The aim of this work was to investigate whether GSTD could alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). In LSECs exposed to 1 mM H2O2, treatment with GSTD (1, 10, or 50 µM) resulted in higher cell viability than the untreated control. Treated cells maintained a higher Bcl2/Bax ratio and suppressed caspase-9 expression compared...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Gastrodin; Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; Heme oxygenase 1; Oxidative stress; Hydrogen peroxide.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2018001000611
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Hydrogen peroxide induces a specific DNA base change profile in the presence of the iron chelator 2,2’ dipyridyl in Escherichia coli BJMBR
Felício,D.L.; Almeida,C.E.B.; Silva,A.B.; Leitão,A.C..
Pretreatment of Escherichia coli cultures with the iron chelator 2,2’-dipyridyl (1 mM) protects against the lethal effects of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (<15 mM). However, at H2O2 concentrations equal to or greater than 15 mM, dipyridyl pretreatment increases lethality and mutagenesis, which is attributed to the formation of different types of DNA lesions. We show here that pretreatment with dipyridyl (1 mM) prior to challenge with high H2O2 concentrations (≥15 mM) induced mainly G:C→A:T transitions (more than 100X with 15 mM and more than 250X with 20 mM over the spontaneous mutagenesis rate) in E. coli. In contrast, high H2O2 concentrations in the absence of dipyridyl preferentially induced A:T→T:A transversions (more than 1800X and more...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Hydrogen peroxide; Dipyridyl; Mutagenesis; Iron; Fenton reaction.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2009001100003
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Cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine digluconate to murine macrophages and its effect on hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide induction BJMBR
Bonacorsi,C.; Raddi,M.S.G.; Carlos,I.Z..
Chlorhexidine, even at low concentrations, is toxic for a variety of eukaryotic cells; however, its effects on host immune cells are not well known. We evaluated in vitro chlorhexidine-induced cytotoxicity and its effects on reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediate induction by murine peritoneal macrophages. Thioglycollate-induced cells were obtained from Swiss mice by peritoneal lavage with 5 ml of 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline, washed twice and resuspended (10(6) cells/ml) in appropriate medium for each test. Cell preparations contained more than 95% macrophages. The cytotoxicity was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) by the horseradish...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Chlorhexidine; Cytotoxicity; Macrophages; Nitric oxide; Hydrogen peroxide.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000200007
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Involvement of Src tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C in the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induced by H2O2 in HL-1 mouse cardiac muscle cells BJMBR
Rao,F.; Deng,C.Y.; Zhang,Q.H.; Xue,Y.M.; Xiao,D.Z.; Kuang,S.J.; Lin,Q.X.; Shan,Z.X.; Liu,X.Y.; Zhu,J.N.; Yu,X.Y.; Wu,S.L..
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation; however, the upstream regulation of MIF in atrial myocytes remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether and how MIF is regulated in response to the renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress in atrium myocytes (HL-1 cells). MIF protein and mRNA levels in HL-1 cells were assayed using immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blot. The result indicated that MIF was expressed in the cytoplasm of HL-1 cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but not angiotensin II, stimulated MIF expression in HL-1 cells. H2O2-induced MIF protein and gene levels increased in a dose-dependent manner and were completely...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; HL-1 cells; Hydrogen peroxide; Atrial fibrillation; Protein kinases.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2013000900746
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