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Registros recuperados: 56
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Impacto del programa Juntos sobre nutrición temprana AgEcon
Jaramillo, Miguel; Sánchez, Alan.
Desde fines del 2005, el programa Juntos brinda transferencias monetarias condicionadas a los hogares ubicados en los distritos pobres del Perú. En el año 2010, había alrededor de 420 mil hogares beneficiados. Si bien se evidencian mejoras en los indicadores nutricionales de los niños afiliados al programa, la pregunta de la investigación es: ¿hasta qué punto estas mejoras serían consecuencia de Juntos? Esta pregunta es válida dado que durante el periodo de estudio existe una tendencia clara hacia la reducción en los niveles de desnutrición crónica a nivel nacional. Según cifras oficiales, la desnutrición crónica disminuyó de 28.5% en 2007 a 23.2% en 2010. Los resultados evidencian que Juntos habría favorecido a aquellos niños ubicados en los percentiles...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Evaluación de programas; Programas sociales; Nutrición; Salud infantil; Perú; Programme evaluation; Social programmes; Nutrition; Child health; Peru; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; H43; I12; I38; O15.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120319
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Health Benefits and Uncertainty: An Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Risk Presentation on Auction Bids for a Healthful Product AgEcon
Shaw, W. Douglass; Nayga, Rodolfo M., Jr.; Silva, Andres.
Experimental subjects receive a different presentation of a food product's potential health risk reductions if people habitually eat it, and then asked to bid for the product. Results suggest that the bids vary across the groups that receive differing risk information.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Health risks; Experimental economics; Auctions; Uncertainty; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; I12.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23961
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Morbilidad autoreportada y los retornos a la salud para los varones urbanos en el Perú: enfermedad vs. incapacidad AgEcon
Murrugara, Edmundo; Valdivia, Martin.
El efecto del nivel de salud de los individuos sobre su productividad y sus ingresos es incuestionable desde varios puntos de vista. Sin embargo, la medición de ese efecto ha sido bastante más complicada que, por ejemplo, la correspondiente al efecto de la educación. Las razones de esta complejidad son de carácter conceptual, técnico y de calidad de la información. Esta medición se complica aún más en países en desarrollo debido a las limitaciones de los indicadores de salud disponibles, en su mayoría afectados por la propia percepción del individuo. En este sentido, el presente reporte muestra evidencia acerca de los determinantes de salud para los varones adultos de zonas urbanas y sus efectos en la productividad, usando dos medidas de morbilidad...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Condiciones de salud; Productividad del trabajo; Economia de la salud; Zonas urbanas; Perú; Health conditions; Labour productivity; Health economics; Urban areas; Peru; Health Economics and Policy; I12.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37769
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Censored Probit Estimation with Correlation near the Boundary: A Useful Reparameteriztion AgEcon
Terza, Joseph V.; Tsai, Wei-Der.
The conventional computational algorithms for full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation of the censored probit model (see Farber, 1983), will sometimes fail to converge when the estimated value of the correlation coefficient (ñ) approaches ±1; even when the true value of ñ is not at a boundary. We show that a simple reparametrization of the censored probit model may afford straightforward Newton-Raphson convergence to the true FIML estimate for cases in which likelihood maximization under the conventional censored probit parameterization would have failed. Moreover, our method avoids the computational and inferential complications that arise in alternative methods that, based on a specified criterion, suggest fixing the estimated value of ñ at...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Sample selection; Endogenous treatment effects; Endogenous switching; Qualitative dependent variables; Informal elderly care; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; I12; C24; C63.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50278
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On the Economics of Rational Self-Medication AgEcon
Akpalu, Wisdom.
It has been established in the medical literature that self-medicating with imperfect information about either the use of a genuine or counterfeit drug or based on wrong self-diagnosis of ailment, which is predominant especially in developing countries, is a risky investment in health capital. This paper models the decision to self-medicate and the demand for self-medicated drugs. We suppose that investment in self-medication depends on the perception of its effectiveness. The results obtained show that the decision to self-medicate depends on the relative price and perceived effectiveness of self-medication, the elasticity of the shadow value of health with respect to the quantity of health capital, and the relative effectiveness of self-medication in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Health Production; Self-Medication; Risky Investment; Government Policy; Dynamic Analysis; Demand and Price Analysis; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; I12; I18; D81; C61.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6363
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The effects of food habits and socioeconomic status on overweight. Differences between the native Dutch and immigrants in the Netherlands AgEcon
Cornelisse-Vermaat, Judith R.; Maassen van den Brink, Henriette.
Overweight is a worldwide growing epidemic. The Netherlands is among the countries with the highest prevalence for overweight, together with the USA, UK, and Germany. This paper investigates differences in overweight between native Dutch and three immigrant groups in the Netherlands, and the effects of food habits and socioeconomic status on overweight. The results show that all immigrant groups have a higher prevalence for overweight than the Dutch, apart from Moroccans. Males are overweight more frequently than females. Takeaway food, eating out, and fresh vegetables decrease BMI, while convenience food, ready-to-eat meals, and delivery food (in some cases) increase BMI. In all groups, BMI increases with age. For Surinamese/Antilleans and Turks BMI...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Overweight; Ethnicity; Food habits; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C20; D12; I12.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46732
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Risk Valuation in the Presence of Risky Substitutes: An Application to Demand for Seafood AgEcon
Huang, Ju-Chin; Haab, Timothy C.; Whitehead, John C..
We attempt to value health risks by combining traditional demand impact analysis with direct elicitation of individuals’ risk perceptions of food safety. We examine the impact of multiple risks of related goods on consumption of a risky good. We argue that the consumption of a risky good depends on both its absolute risk level and its relative risks to other risky goods. Seafood consumption in eastern North Carolina was studied. We elicited, in a survey, individual perceived risks as reference points to derive the economic value of reducing health risk in seafood consumption. Revealed and stated data were combined to trace out demand changes in response to absolute and relative risk reductions. Our results show that seafood consumption is affected by the...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Absolute and Relative Risks; Food Borne Health Risk; Revealed and Stated Data; Risk Substitutes; D1; D8; I12; Q21.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42938
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Consumer incentives to comply with nutritional recommendations – an economic approach AgEcon
Dejgaard Jensen, Jorgen; Hansen, Aslak H.; Fagt, Sisse; Velsing Groth, Margit.
Inappropriate diets have been found to cause long-term health problems in most industrial and post-industrial countries worldwide. Despite the existence of dietary guidelines in many countries – and widespread familiarity with these guidelines – large shares of the populations do not comply with these guidelines. The objective of the paper is to investigate economic explanations for non-compliance quantitatively, focusing on consumers’ perceived value of reduced freedom of choice, if they should comply with the dietary recommendations. The paper establishes and econometric simulation model for Danish food consumers, which is used for calculating these economic welfare losses, as well as the contribution to these losses from individual recommendations....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Nutritional guidelines; Compensating variation; Econometric model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D12; I12; Q18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116432
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Wage Rentals for Reproducible Human Capital: Evidence from Ghana and the Ivory Coast AgEcon
Schultz, T. Paul.
Education, child nutrition, adult health/nutrition, and labor mobility are critical factors in achieving recent sustained growth in factor productivity. To compare the contribution of these four human capital inputs, as expanded specification of the wage function is estimated from household (LSMS) surveys of The Ivory Coast and Ghana. Specification tests assess whether the human capital inputs are exogenous, and instrumental variable techniques are used to estimate the wage function. Smaller panels from the Ivory Coast imply the magnitude of measurement error in the human capital inputs and provide more efficient instruments to estimate the wage equation. The conclusion emerges that weight-for-height and height are endogenous, particularly prone to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Endogenous human capital returns; Health; Migration; Schooling; Africa; Physical stature; Labor and Human Capital; J24; I12; O15; J31.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28533
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Private Wage Returns to Schooling in Nigeria: 1996-1999 AgEcon
Aromolaran, Adebayo B..
In the last two decades, primary and secondary school enrollment rates have declined in Nigeria while enrollment rates in post-secondary school have increased. This paper estimates from the General Household Survey for Nigeria the private returns to schooling associated with levels of educational attainment for wage and self-employed workers. The estimates for both men and women are small at primary and secondary levels, 2 to 4 percent, but are substantial at post-secondary education level, 10-15 percent. These schooling return estimates may account for the recent trends in enrollments. Thus, increasing public investment to encourage increased attendance in basic education is not justifiable on grounds of private efficiency, unless investments to increase...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Schooling investment; Private wage returns; Efficiency; Equity; Nigeria; Labor and Human Capital; O15; I12; J24.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28489
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A Latent-Variable Approach to Modelling Multiple and Resurgent Meat Scares in Italy AgEcon
Mazzocchi, Mario; Lobb, Alexandra E..
This paper aims to measure the time pattern of multiple and resurgent food scares and their direct and cross-product impacts on consumer response. The Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is augmented by a flexible stochastic framework which has no need for additional explanatory variables such as a media index. Italian aggregate household data on meat demand is used to assess the time-varying impact of a resurgent BSE crisis (1996 and 2000) and the 1999 Dioxin crisis. The impact of the first BSE crisis on preferences seems to be reabsorbed after a few months. The second wave of the scare at the end of 2000 had a much stronger effect on preferences and the positive shift in chicken demand continued to persist after the onset of the crisis. Empirical results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Meat demand; BSE; Shock; Almost Ideal Demand System; Kalman filter; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; I12.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24509
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EFFECTS AND DETERMINANTS OF MILD UNDERWEIGHT AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ACROSS COUNTRIES AND OVER TIME AgEcon
Bhagowalia, Priya; Chen, Susan E.; Masters, William J..
Research on malnutrition typically focuses on severe cases, where anthropometric status falls below or above an extreme threshold. Such categorization is necessary for clinicians since mild cases may not justify intervention, but researchers could find that changes in mild malnutrition convey valuable information about mortality risk and health status. This paper focuses on changes in both mild and severe underweight in young children, as measured by 130 DHS surveys for 53 countries over a period from 1986 to 2007. We find that counting variance in all forms of underweight provides closer correlations with aggregate health outcomes (the under-five child mortality rate), and is more closely correlated to several influences of malnutrition (national income,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Underweight; Weight-for-height; Wasting; Child mortality; FGT measures; DHS data; Health Economics and Policy; I12; Q18.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54312
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Obesity in Urban Food Markets: Evidence from Geo-referenced Micro Data AgEcon
Chen, Susan E.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Snyder, Samantha D..
This paper provides quantitative estimates of the effect of proximity to fast food restaurants and grocery stores on obesity in urban food markets. Our empirical model combined georeferenced micro data on access to fast food restaurants and grocery stores with data about salient personal characteristics, individual behaviors, and neighborhood characteristics. We defined a "local food environment" for every individual utilizing 0.5-mile buffers around a person's home address. Local food landscapes are potentially endogenous due to spatial sorting of the population and food outlets, and the body mass index (BMI) values for individuals living close to each other are likely to be spatially correlated because of observed and unobserved individual and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Obesity; Fast food; Grocery store; Spatial econometrics; Micro data; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; D12; I12; I18.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49512
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Analyzing Differences in Rural Hospital Efficiency: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach AgEcon
Nedelea, I. Cristian; Fannin, James Matthew; Barnes, James N..
This study analyzes difference in efficiency among the U.S. rural hospitals using a two-stage, semi-parametric approach. Data Envelopment Analysis is used in the first stage to calculate cost, technical and allocative efficiencies of Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) and non-CAH rural hospitals. Following Simar and Wilson (2007), bootstrapped truncated regressions are used in the second stage to infer on relationship between the cost, technical and allocative inefficiencies of hospitals and some environmental variables. The estimated results show that CAHs are less cost, technical and allocative efficient than non-CAH rural hospitals. The results also show that Medicare cost-based reimbursement for CAHs has a negative effect on the efficiency of these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Two-stage; Semi-parametric; Bootstrap; Data envelopment analysis; Health Economics and Policy; I12; I18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61391
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THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHILD NUTRITIONAL STATUS ACROSS COUNTRIES AND OVER TIME AgEcon
Bhagowalia, Priya; Chen, Susan E.; Masters, William A..
Malnutrition is manifested in various degrees of both underweight and overweight, with large differences and rapid changes in their prevalence and severity. This paper introduces a new approach to characterizing the distribution of a population’s nutritional status, to help analyze changes in that distribution over time and across countries. Our method draws on the poverty literature to construct Foster-Greer-Thorbecke measures for the incidence and severity of under and overweight, based on deviations in either direction from the median of a healthy population. We apply this median-based measure to the nutritional status of over 400,000 preschool children, as measured in 130 DHS surveys covering 53 countries over a period from 1986 to 2006. Unlike...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Underweight; Overweight; Malnutrition; Poverty; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; I12; Q18.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6147
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Comparing Predictors of Diet Quality in Canada Over Time Under Consideration of Altering Food Guides AgEcon
Drescher, Larissa S.; Goddard, Ellen W..
Latest data on the diet of Canadians from the Canadian Community Health Survey reveals that the diet quality of Canadians needs improvement. Within this paper predictors of diet quality in Canada are identified based on two cross-sectional data sets from the Canadian Food Expenditure Survey. To measure diet quality, the Canadian Healthy Food Diversity (CanHFD)-Index is developed which is based on Food Guide recommendations. Moreover, this paper considers that the Food Guide between survey years has changed when analyzing diet quality. To track changes in demand for diet quality we use “Canada’s Food Guide 1982” to calculate CanHFD-Index for 1984 and 1996. Changes in demand for diet quality according to “Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating 1992” are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Diet quality; Healthy food diversity; Canada; Food Guides; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; D12; D13; I12; Q18.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52091
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Effects of Family, Friends, and Relative Prices on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption by African American Youths AgEcon
Zhylyevskyy, Oleksandr; Jensen, Helen H.; Garasky, Steven B.; Cutrona, Carolyn E.; Gibbons, Frederick X..
Paper for presentation at the Northeastern Agricultural & Resource Economics Association’s Workshop on Economics and Child Nutrition Programs, AAEA & NAREA Joint Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 23, 2011.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Fruit and vegetable consumption; Healthy food choices; Social interactions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; I12; J15; C35; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107086
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Intra-Household Redistribution of Income and Calorie Consumption in South-Western Nigeria AgEcon
Aromolaran, Adebayo B..
This study investigates how per capita calorie intake in low income households of rural southwestern Nigeria responds to changes in total household income and women’s share of household income. The study addresses two major questions. First, is calorie-income elasticity large enough to justify the use of income increases as a food/nutrition policy strategy for increasing calorie intake among low income households? Second, what is the potential effect of intra-household redistribution of income from men to women on per capita calorie consumption? My results show that calorie-income elasticity is small and close to zero, implying that income policies may not be the most effective way to achieve substantial improvements in calorie consumption. I also find...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Nigeria; Intra-household redistribution of income; Women’s income share elasticity; Income elasticity; Calorie consumption; Consumer/Household Economics; D13; I12; O15; Q18.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28450
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Consumer valuation of health attributes in food AgEcon
Smed, Sinne; Hansen, Lars Garn.
In modern societies it seems that the pleasures of taste often encourage the consumption of fatty, salty and sweet foods, whereas growing health awareness discourages consumption of the same foods. Numerous studies find that education and diet healthiness are highly correlated and one possible explanation is that consumers with a longer education are better at understanding and appreciating the health implication of their diet than are consumers with a short education. In this study we estimate a hedonic model of consumer’s valuation of food characteristics that allows nutrients to influence utility both through their perceived effects on health and their effects on the taste of food. The model is estimated using purchase data from a consumer panel with...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Hedonic model; Taste; Health; Food consumption; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; I12.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122730
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A Panel Data Study of the Determinants of Micronutrient Intake in China AgEcon
Liu, Yi; Shankar, Bhavani.
Rapid economic growth in China has resulted in substantially improved household incomes. Diets have also changed, with a movement away from traditional foods and towards animal products and processed foods. Yet micronutrient deficiencies, particularly for calcium and vitamin A, are still widespread in China. In this research we model the determinants of the intakes of these two micronutrients using household panel data, asking particularly whether continuing income increases are likely to cause the deficiencies to be overcome. Nonparametric kernel regressions and random effects panel regression models are employed. The results show a statistically significant but relatively small positive income effect on both nutrient intakes. The local availability of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I12; O12.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25585
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