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From Pasture Land to Farm Plots, Triggers and Motivations for Land Use Changes in Afar, Ethiopia AgEcon
Kotu, Bekele Hundie.
Communal land use system has existed in pastoral Afar (as in many other pastoral areas) since time of immemorial accommodating the interests of different user groups. This form of land use system, which has adapted to the harsh environment in which herders raise their livestock, enables efficient utilization of scattered pastoral resources since it accommodates constant mobility of livestock. In contrast to the mobile way of life, which characterizes pastoralism, farming as a sedentary activity is only marginally present in the lowlands of the Afar region. However, the traditional land-use system in Afar is changing nowadays if favor farming because of various reasons. This paper explains such changes mainly based the data collected through a household...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Land use; Pastoralists; Farming; Drought; Afar; Ethiopia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q15; Q24.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51276
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New Institutional Economics, Governance and the Performance of Water Institutions in India AgEcon
Gandhi, Vasant P.; Crase, Lin.
There has been substantial water resources development for agriculture in India but the emphasis has been mainly on the technical side - the building of the necessary institutions required for effective management of the resource has received little attention. Many believe that water resource management in India is heading for a crisis unless the institutions and related policies are rapidly transformed. In this light, the study examines key features of water institutions in India, applying new institutional economics fundamentals, as well as management theories of good governance. The study uses a survey of 29 water institutions and 450 farm households conducted across three states in India which face water scarcity and have attempted to address it...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Water; Institutional Economics; Resource Economics and Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51415
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Agri-food business: Global challenges – Innovative solutions AgEcon
Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Vandemartele, Thijs; Hirschauer, Norbert; Gaetano, Martino; Nijhoff-Savvaki, Rannia; Trienekens, Jacques H.; Omta, S.W.F. (Onno); Bachev, Hrabrin Ianouchev; Bezat-Jarzębowska, Agnieszka; Jarzebowski, Sebastian; Paus, Marguerite; Singh, Dheeraj; Prahalad, V.C.; Wangshu, Lobsang; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Ferto, Imre; Havas, Attila; Ehlers, Melf-Hinrich; Bojnec, Stefan; Ferto, Imre; Levkovych, Inna; Toth, Aniko; Forgacs, Csaba.
The rise of a western-style middle class in many successful emerging economies like China currently is inducing deep structural changes on agricultural world markets and within the global agri-food business. As a result of both higher incomes and concerns over product safety and quality the global demand for high-quality and safe food products is increasing significantly. In order to meet the new required quality, globally minimum quality standards are rising and private standards emerging. All over the world these developments cause adjustments at the enterprise, chain and market levels. At the same time, the tremendously increasing demand for renewable energy has led to the emergence of a highly promising market for biomass production. This has...
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Marketing; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92317
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The Development of the Willingness to Cooperate: Collective-Action under the Light of the Constructivist Conception of Adult Development AgEcon
Meyer, Leandro Fredrico Ferraz; Braga, Marcelo Jose.
The paper presents experimental results connecting the participant’s behaviors in a common-pool resource dilemma, including communication and sanctioning conditions, with the constructs in a selected theory of adult personality systems development including value judgment and moral reasoning.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Commons dilemma; Experimental economics; Institutional analysis; Psychosocial development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C72; C92; D74.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51340
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Alternative to Disincentive Rice Producer Prices in Madagascar: Case Study in Alaotra Prefecture and Bongolava Prefecture AgEcon
Ralandison, Tsilavo; Shiratake, Yoshiharu.
This study identifies the reasons for low producer prices of rice that have not covered its production costs for many years in Madagascar. The following points will be discussed: the farmers’ marketing conditions and the rural rice market structure, including the functions of each intervening trader preceding rice distribution in urban centers. The study also assesses current functions of the agricultural farmer cooperative: an organization expected to enable the establishment of fair trade in the domestic rice market. The data come from interviews conducted with 120 farmers, 20 traders, and the survey of the overall cooperative associations in two prefectures and main rice suppliers of the capital city. The analysis reveals that farmers were often...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Madagascar; Markets; Rice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52005
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Principal-Agent-Probleme in Internationalen Organisationen AgEcon
Vaubel, Roland.
Der Aufsatz zeigt anhand zahlreicher Beispiele und quantitativer Analysen, dass internationale Organisationen - mehr als alle anderen staatlichen Institutionen - ein extremes Kontrolldefizit aufweisen. Umfragen belegen, dass sie andere Interessen als die Bürger haben. Sie können diese Interessen auch durchsetzen, weil die Informationskosten der Bürger hoch, ihre Kontrollanreize gering und ihre Ausweichmöglichkeiten eingeschränkt sind. Die Parlamente können ihrer Kontrollfunktion nicht gerecht werden, weil sie von den nationalen und internationalen Exekutivorganen entmachtet werden. Von den nationalen Regierungen werden die internationalen Organisationen nur sehr unvollkommen kontrolliert, weil sie Agenda- Setting Macht besitzen und weil die Kontrollkosten...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: International organisations; Principal-agent problem; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; H79; H11.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26392
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Organic Food and Farming: Between Market Subordination and Retailer Growth Prospects AgEcon
Kledal, Paul Rye.
The paper is based on research conducted for DARCOF II (Danish Research Centre for Organic Farming, www.darcof.dk). The aim of the research project is to analyze the future development of the Danish organic food sector through focusing on two agro-commodities: vegetables and pork. Emphasis is placed on identification of economic forces within the supply chains. The main conclusions of the paper - being the results from the organic vegetable chain are that the rules and regulations, and the development of alternative transaction processes in organic food and farming have so far been founded on social counter reactions to the mechanisms of a free market economy that result in the marginalization of farmers, animals welfare and the environment. However,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Political economy; Institutional economics; Supply chain management; Organic food & farming; Farmers' treadmill; Retail bargain power; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24218
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Agriculture in the Western Balkan Countries AgEcon
Volk, Tina; Rednak, Miroslav; Erjavec, Emil; Cela, Roland; Marku, Shkelzen; Imami, Drini; Mikus, Ornella; Cerjak, Marija; Dimitrievski, Dragi; Georgiev, Nenad; Simonovska, Ana; Stojceska, Aleksandra Martinovska; Kotevska, Ana; Bozidarka, Markovic; Bogdanov, Natalija; Božić, Dragica.
The current publication covers Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99, the FYR Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, and provides an overview of the agricultural situation in the European Union (EU) candidate and potential candidate countries of the Western Balkans (WBs). The objective was to provide an analysis of the development and current situation in agriculture and agricultural policy in these countries as relates to the EU accession process. The individual country reports, as well as a cross-country overview and comparison, have been prepared as a part of "AgriPolicy" project, which was financially supported by the European Commission under the 7th framework program.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96200
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“SOCIAL AGRICULTURE”: A PATTERN BETWEEN FARM INNOVATION, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND MULTIFUNCTIONALITY AgEcon
Macri, Maria Carmela; Perito, Maria Angela.
Rural context and agricultural process are assuming growing credibility as a mean to promote well being and social inclusion in the population as a whole. Fattoria solidale del Circeo” constitutes one of the many examples of social agriculture that have risen in the recent years in Italy. Differently from the general case, it is a large farm which is moving from a conventional an intensive farming system to another model, without abandoning its entrepreneurial nature. Even if it is not easy to assign a theoretic paradigm, it could be useful both in order to understand it and to give correct instruments to policy makers. So we can try to put the Fattoria Solidale del Circeo’s experience in a theoretic context. It seems to us that at least three different...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Social agriculture; Innovation; Corporate Social Responsibility; Multifunctionality of Agriculture; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57403
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A TÉSZ-en keresztüli értékesítést motiváló tényezők és körülmények AgEcon
Dudas, Gyula.
A TÉSZ-en keresztüli értékesítés indokait és a TÉSZ tagok aktivitását kérdő¬íves felmérés alapján vizsgálva megállapítható, hogy a ZÖLD-TERMÉK Szövetkezetnél, valamint a MÓRAKERT Szövetkezetnél a TÉSZ a termelő számára is elfogadha¬tó mennyiségű áru átvételével, a beszállításkor mutatott rugalmassággal, a megbíz¬hatósággal és a pozitív személyes kapcsolatok meglétével ösztönzi tagjait a TÉSZ-en keresztüli értékesítésre. A rugalmas és gyors fizetési feltételek, valamint az érvé¬nyes szerződések további ösztönzést jelentenek. Az előbbieknél kevésbé fontos tényező az ár, a TÉSZ által nyújtott szaktanácsadás, valamint az egyéb szolgáltatások.A ZÖLD-TERMÉK Szövetkezetnél a tagok többsége rendszeresen vagy alkalomszerűen igénybe veszi az utóbbiakat. Az alapító...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Zöldség-gyümölcs; Értékesítés; TÉSZ; Motiváció; Szolgáltatások; Fruits and vegetables; Sale; Producer group; Motivation; Services; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92496
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Land Cover and Socio-economic Characteristics in the Eight Counties of Alabama: A Spatial Analysis AgEcon
Gyawali, Buddhi Raj; Fraser, Rory; Wang, Yong; Bukenya, James O..
This study employed a clustering algorithm and a logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between cropland and demographic attributes obtained at the census block group level. The result indicated that population density, African Americans, and poverty are significantly related with crop land use in the region.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20173
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Female Participation in Decision-Making in Agricultural Households in Kenya: Empirical Findings AgEcon
Kiriti, Tabitha; Tisdell, Clement A.; Roy, Kartik C..
Survey data on which this paper is based were collected in a rural district in Kenya between December 2000 and January 2001. The main objective was to identify the factors that determine female participation in household decision-making. Our results suggest that bargaining models and resource theory cannot be applied in a society where customarily determined sex and social stratification systems place males higher than females and determines that only men make major decisions. Our results support the hypothesis that cultural theory is more significant than bargaining models or resource theories in determining women's participation in decision-making in Kenya.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Resource theory; Bargaining theory; Cultural theory; Unified household model; Decision-making; Empowerment and entitlement.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100210
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Homo Agricola considered as Homo Economicus and Homo Politicus AgEcon
Zawojska, Aldona.
The paper is of descriptive character and is based on literature review. It reviews the concept of homo economicus and homo politicus in the history of economic thought and tries to discover their characteristics in homo agricola. As demonstrated, one component of homo agricola can be of economic and another one of political nature. Those components can be separated or can be together. Agricultural economists, however, in their sophisticated mathematical models seem to reduce farmers’ behaviour to economic behaviour or rather to self-interested homo economicus. Institutional economics, social economics and socio-economics are closer to actual human nature, than homo economicus. The further research challenge before agricultural academia is to develop the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Economics; Politics; History of economic thought; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q1; A13; P4; B0.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90835
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Public spending composition and public sector efficiency: Implications for growth and poverty reduction in Uganda AgEcon
Sennoga, Edward B.; Matovu, John Mary.
The paper examines the interrelationships between public spending composition and Uganda's development goals including economic growth and poverty reduction. We utilize a dynamic CGE model to study these interrelationships. This paper demonstrates that public spending composition does indeed influence economic growth and poverty reduction. In particular, this study shows that improved public sector efficiency coupled with re-allocation of public expenditure away from the unproductive sectors such as public administration and security to the productive sectors including agriculture, energy, water and health leads to higher GDP growth rates and accelerates poverty reduction. Moreover, the rate of poverty is faster in rural households relative to the urban...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Sennoga; Matovu; EPRC; Public expenditure; Economic growth - Uganda; Poverty reduction; Computable General Equilibrium; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C68; D58; E62; F15; H62; 132.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93808
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CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIC ALLIANCES IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY AgEcon
Adams, Claire-Louise; Goldsmith, Peter D..
This paper focuses on strategic fuzzy alliances (SFAs) and the role of trust in business-to-business relationships. First, a theoretical model of governance choice involving strategic alliances is developed, integrating the Shapiro, Sheppard, and Cheraskin (1992) taxonomy of trust into a neoinstitutional framework. Second, this model, based on transaction theory, is then used to generate necessary and sufficient conditions for trust-based agreements. The third component of this paper is an empirical model, which tests the above theory. Finally, managerial implications from the results are discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34211
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Rehabilitation of small scale irrigation systems in Sri Lanka: state policy and practice in two systems AgEcon
Abeyratne, Shyamala.
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Irrigation systems; Farmer-agency interactions; Rehabilitation; Policy; Farmers associations; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1990 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113724
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Institutional changes to reduce land preparation delay in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. AgEcon
Loeve, Ronald; Somaratne, Pallewatte G.; Ariyaratne, Badugodahewa Ranjith; Anputhas, Markandu; Jinapala, Kiribandage.
Although many irrigation systems in the dry zone of Sri Lanka have water shortage problems, water consumption is very high during land preparation. This paper analyzes the impact of institutional interventions on efficient water management, especially during the land preparation period. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors behind prolonged periods of land preparation so that system managers and farmers communities can develop appropriate interventions to reduce water consumption.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Institutional development; Irrigation systems; Tillage; Crop yield; Rice; Land tenure; Crop Production/Industries; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92410
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IN PURSUIT OF COMPARABLE CONCEPTS AND DATA ABOUT COLLECTIVE ACTION AgEcon
Poteete, Amy; Ostrom, Elinor.
Research on collective action confronts two major obstacles. First, inconsistency in the conceptualization and operationalization of collective action, the key factors expected to affect collective action, and the outcomes of collective action hampers the accumulation of knowledge. Inconsistent terminology obscures consistent patterns. Second, the scarcity of comparable data thwarts evaluation of the relative importance of the many variables identified in the literature as likely to influence collective action. The International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IFRI) research program addresses both of these problems. Since its founding in 1993, the IFRI network of collaborating research centers has used a common set of methods and concepts to study...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Collective action; Institutions; Forestry research; Forestry; Natural resource management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55444
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RATIONAL ROOTS OF "IRRATIONAL" BEHAVIOR: DISCUSSION AgEcon
Harper, Carolyn R..
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1989 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28876
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In Search of Stars: Network Formation among Heterogeneous Agents AgEcon
Ule, Aljaz; Goeree, Jacob K.; Riedl, Arno.
This paper reports results from a laboratory experiment on network formation among heterogeneous agents. The experimental design extends the Bala-Goyal (2000) model of network formation with decay and two-way flow of benefits by allowing for agents with lower linking costs or higher benefits to others. Furthermore, agents' types may be common knowledge or private information. In all treatments, the (efficient) equilibrium network has a "star" structure. With homogeneous agents, equilibrium predictions fail completely. In contrast, with heterogeneous agents stars frequently occur, often with the high-value or low-cost agent in the center. Stars are not born but rather develop: with a high-value agent, the network's centrality, stability, and efficiency all...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Network Formation; Experiment; Heterogeneity; Private Information; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C72; C92; D82; D85.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9099
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