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| Registros recuperados: 61 | |
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| McGraw, Katherine; Popp, Jennie S. Hughes; Dixon, Bruce L.; Newton, Doris J.. |
| This article identifies factors that influence agricultural economics professionals’ job choice between academic and government employment. Respondents agreed that job responsibilities were the most important factor in choosing their current position. They also agreed that having a positive work environment, good salary, family time, adequate resources, and professional and social interaction were important job attributes. Proportionally more women than men regarded partner opportunities, nondiscrimination, time for child care, and supportive colleagues as very important attributes influencing their decisions. A binomial probit of respondents’ current job sector indicates significant job choice determinants include sector preference (academic or... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Academic and government agricultural economics professionals; Binomial probit; Job choice; Job preferences; Gender; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; C25; J24; J43; J45. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123779 |
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| Aromolaran, Adebayo B.. |
| Economists have argued that increasing female schooling positively influences the labor supply of married women by inducing a faster rise in market productivity relative to non-market productivity. I use the Nigerian Labor Force Survey to investigate how own and husbands schooling affect womens labor market participation. I find that additional years of postsecondary education increases wage market participation probability by as much as 15.2%. A marginal increase in primary schooling has no effect on probability of wage employment, but could enhance participation rates in self-employment by about 5.40%. These effects are likely to be stronger when a woman is married to a more educated spouse. The results suggest that primary education is more productive... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Nigeria; Female schooling; Womens labor market participation; Non-market productivity; Labor and Human Capital; I21; J22; J24; O15. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28451 |
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| Stark, Oded; Byra, Lukasz. |
| In this paper we study the impact of the international migration of unskilled workers on skill formation and the average skill level in the home country. We analyze what appears to be the least threatening scenario from the point of view of its effect on the supply of skills at home: namely, migration exclusively by unskilled workers. Somewhat surprisingly, we find that even without the departure of skilled workers, the home country suffers reduced aggregate skill formation. Although as a response to a higher wage rate per unit of human capital in the new equilibrium skilled workers choose to accumulate more human capital than before the opening up to migration of unskilled workers, the number and share of skilled workers in the home country’s workforce... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Migration of unskilled workers; Human capital formation; Depletion of human capital; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J24; O15. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122433 |
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| Fritzsch, Jana; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Mollers, Judith. |
| A fuzzy logic model for quantifying farm households’ potential for non-farm income diversification is developed and applied to 1,077 farm households in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. About three quarters of households have a diversification potential, but not all households use it. An analysis of diversification potential and diversification behaviour shows that there are seven household types in the sample. Not all development options, i.e. farm development, farm exit, or starting non-farm employment, are equally suitable for all households thus fine targeting of policy measures according to the household type could be important for policy makers. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Non-farm rural employment diversification; Fuzzy logic; Transition countries; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C65; D33; J24; Q12. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95321 |
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| Schultz, T. Paul. |
| Rural elderly have 40% of the income of those in urban areas, spend a larger share of their income on food, are in worse health, work later into their lives, and depend more on their children, lacking pensions and public services. The birth quota since 1980 has particularly restricted the childbearing of rural less educated women, who now face retirement with fewer children for support. Inequality in China is also be traced to increasing returns to schooling , especially beyond secondary school. Government restrictions on rural-urban migration reduces national efficiency, adds to the urban-rural wage gap, and increases inequality. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Human capital returns; Rural-urban migration; Elderly poverty; China; Labor and Human Capital; J13; J24; J14. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28437 |
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| Schultz, T. Paul. |
| Various household survey indicators of adult nutrition and health status are analyzed as determinants of individual wages. However, survey indicators of health status may be heterogeneous, or a combination of health human capital formed by investment behavior and variation due to genotype, random shocks, and measurement error, which are uncontrolled by behavior. Although there are no definitive methods for distinguishing between human capital and genetic variation in health outcomes, alternative mappings of health status, such as height, on community health services, parent socioeconomic characteristics, and ethnic categories may be suggestive. Instrumental variable estimates of health human capital and residual sources of variation in measured health... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Health human capital; Wage productivity; Brazil; Ghana; Cote DIvoire; Health Economics and Policy; I12; J24; O12. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28532 |
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| Fairlie, Robert W.; Robb, Alicia. |
| Using data from the confidential and restricted-access Characteristics of Business Owners (CBO) Survey, we provide some suggestive evidence on the causes of intergenerational links in business ownership and the related issue of how having a family business background affects small business outcomes. Estimates from the CBO indicate that more than half of all business owners had a self-employed family member prior to starting their business. Conditional on having a self-employed family member, less than 50 percent of small business owners worked in that family member's business. In contrast, estimates from regression models conditioning on business ownership indicate that having a self-employed family member plays only a minor role in determining small... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Business outcomes; Self-employment; Entrepreneurship; Families; Human capital; Labor and Human Capital; M13; J24. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28446 |
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| Antonietti, Roberto; Antonioli, Davide. |
| This work explores the effects of cross-border relocation of production on the skill composition of Italian manufacturing firms. Its aim is to assess if the firms strategy to offshore production activities towards cheap labor countries determines a bias in the relative employment of skilled versus unskilled workers. Using a balanced panel of firm-based data across the period 1995-2003, we test this skill-bias hypothesis by means of a counterfactual experiment in which we employ a difference-in-differences propensity score matching estimator in order to control for selectivity bias without relying on a specific functional form of the relations of interest. In line with the literature, our results point to confirm a general, although weak, skill bias effect... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Production Offshoring; Skill Bias; Difference-in-Differences; Propensity; Labor and Human Capital; J24; F16; L24. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7436 |
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| Schultz, T. Paul. |
| Wage-differentials by education of men and women are examined from African household surveys to suggest private wage returns to schooling. It is commonly asserted that returns are highest at primary school levels and decrease at secondary and postsecondary levels, whereas private returns in six African countries are today highest at the secondary and post secondary levels, and rates are similar for women as for men. The large public subsidies for postsecondary education in Africa, therefore, are not needed to motivate students to enroll, and those who have in the past enrolled in these levels of education are disproportionately from the better-educated families. Higher education in Africa could be more efficient and more equitably distributed if the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Africa; Wage returns to schooling; Inequality; HIV; AIDS; Labor and Human Capital; 015; 055; J31; J24. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28481 |
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| Ismail, Rahmah; Zainal Abidin, Syahida. |
| Malaysia has to address the challenges of globalization to become a developed nation by year 2020. Changing economy to one that is based on knowledge-economy and enhanced importance of the service sector needs a competitive workforce with high performance and capability. This article analyses the impact of workers’ competence towards their performance in the private service sector. The analysis is based on a sample of 1136 workers who are either executive, manager or professional from three service sub-sectors, namely, education, health and information and communication technology (ICT) in Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor collected in 2007/2008. In this analysis, Workers’ Performance Index (WPI) and Workers’ Competence Index... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Workers’ competence; Workers’ performance; Workers’ characteristics; Service sector.; Labor and Human Capital; J24. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95956 |
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| Schultz, T. Paul. |
| Population policies are defined here as voluntary programs which help people control their fertility and expect to improve their lives. There are few studies of the long-run effects of policy-induced changes in fertility on the welfare of women, such as policies that subsidize the diffusion and use of best practice birth control technologies. Evaluation of the consequences of such family planning programs almost never assess their long-run consequences, such as on labor supply, savings, or investment in the human capital of children, although they occasionally estimate the short-run association with the adoption of contraception or age-specific fertility. The dearth of long-run family planning experiments has led economists to consider instrumental... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consequences of Fertility Decline; Child Quality; Evaluation of Population Policies; Labor and Human Capital; J13; J24; O15. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10120 |
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| Chen, Yanni; Huffman, Wallace E.. |
| This paper examines women’s and men’s decisions to participate in physical activity and to attain a healthy weight. These outcomes are hypothesized to be related to prices of food, drink and health care services and products, the respondent’s personal characteristics (such as education, reading food labels, adjusted family income, opportunity cost of time, occupation, marital status, race and ethnicity) and his or her BMI at age 25. These decisions are represented by a trivariate probit model that is fitted to data for adults in the NLSY79 panel with geocodes that have been augmented with local area food, drink and health care prices. Separate analyses are undertaken for men and women due to basic physiological differences. Results include: Women and men... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Physical Activity; Obesity; Food Prices; Adult; United States; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; I10; D10; J24. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49291 |
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| Aromolaran, Adebayo B.. |
| In the last two decades, primary and secondary school enrollment rates have declined in Nigeria while enrollment rates in post-secondary school have increased. This paper estimates from the General Household Survey for Nigeria the private returns to schooling associated with levels of educational attainment for wage and self-employed workers. The estimates for both men and women are small at primary and secondary levels, 2 to 4 percent, but are substantial at post-secondary education level, 10-15 percent. These schooling return estimates may account for the recent trends in enrollments. Thus, increasing public investment to encourage increased attendance in basic education is not justifiable on grounds of private efficiency, unless investments to increase... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Schooling investment; Private wage returns; Efficiency; Equity; Nigeria; Labor and Human Capital; O15; I12; J24. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28489 |
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| Karlan, Dean S.; Valdivia, Martin. |
| Los debates académicos y de políticas acerca de la actividad microempresarial se centran frecuentemente en las restricciones crediticias, asumiendo que los negocios se manejan de manera óptima dadas esas y otras restricciones. Los microempresarios, sin embargo, raramente tienen capacitación formal en gestión empresarial. Por su parte, un número creciente de instituciones de microfinanzas (IMF), en el Perú y el mundo, procura construir el capital humano de estos microempresarios para mejorar sus niveles de vida, contribuyendo a su misión de reducir la pobreza. Con ayuda de un diseño experimental, en este estudio medimos el impacto marginal de agregar un componente de capacitación en gestión empresarial a un programa de servicios financieros que atiende a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Microempresarios; Microfinanzas; Pequeñas empresas; Mujeres; Capacitacion; Small enterprises; Training; Women; Peru; Financial Economics; C93; D12; D13; D21; I21; J24; O12. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91358 |
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| Waldorf, Brigitte S.. |
| The paper aims at understanding changes in the distribution and accumulation of intellectual capital by analyzing migrants' educational profiles across a sample of 303 U.S. counties. The results suggest that newcomers are better educated than the resident population, and the education gap is most pronounced for newcomers from other states. The results further suggest that the educational status of newcomers "in-migrants" is positively related to the educational status of the resident population "stayers", thus implying a further agglomeration of human capital across space. However, for interstate migrants the effect is context-dependent, playing a greater role in urban than in rural settings. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Human Capital; Migration; Brain Drain; Community/Rural/Urban Development; J24; R23. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9866 |
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| Registros recuperados: 61 | |
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