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| Registros recuperados: 43 | |
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| Maire, Eva; D'Agata, Stephanie; Aliaume, Catherine; Mouillot, David; Darling, Emily S.; Ramahery, Volanirina; Ranaivoson, Ravaka; Randriamanantsoa, Bemahafaly; Tianarisoa, Tantely F.; Santisy, Abdoul; Cinner, Joshua E.. |
| Rapid degradation of the world’s coral reefs jeopardizes their ecological functioning and ultimately imperils the wellbeing of the millions of people with reef-dependent livelihoods. Ecosystem accessibility is the main driver of their conditions, with the most accessible ecosystems being most at risk of resource depletion. People’s socioeconomic conditions can change as they get further from urban centers and can profoundly influence people’s relationship with the environment. However, the mechanisms through which increasing accessibility from human societies affects natural resources are still unclear. A plausible mechanism through which markets influence the environment is through the socioeconomic changes that tend to accompany accessibility. We used... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Accessibility; Coral reef fisheries; Fish biomass; Market access; Social-ecological systems. |
| Ano: 2020 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00652/76440/77528.pdf |
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| Malkawi, Bashar H.. |
| Jordan acceded to the WTO in 1999. In its accession Jordan agreed, for example, to reduce tariffs on imported products and open its services market; it also modified its intellectual property regime. Jordan enjoyed special and differential treatment in few areas and was not able to designate olive oil as a good eligible for special safeguards. The WTO agreements required fundamental changes in the domestic laws and regulations of Jordan. The article concludes by arguing that Jordan's accession to the WTO was a lengthy and costly process. Jordan agreed to an arduous package of legal and economic reforms. Given that Jordan agreed to greater commitments compared to the obligations of the original WTO members, the multilateral trading system witnessed an... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Accession; Free trade; Intellectual property; Jordan; Market access; WTO; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57329 |
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| Olper, Alessandro; Raimondi, Valentina. |
| This paper uses a gravity-like structure derived from a monopolistic competition model to measure market access among Canada, USA, Japan and EU Quad countries over the 1996-2001 period. We explore the overall asymmetry and 18 food industrial-level asymmetries of bilateral trade openness. Using actual bilateral estimates of tariffs and nontariff barriers, we investigate their role in explaining the trade reduction effect of national borders. A representative estimate of market access shows that higher asymmetries exist in USA, Canada and EU trade with Japan. Quite surprisingly, the last country is always more open than the reverse. Finally, we found that tariffs and NTBs explain a significant part of the border effects and that the NTB role is often... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Market access; Food trade; Asymmetry; Gravity; QUAD countries; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24596 |
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| Lim, Song-Soo. |
| The purpose of this paper is to simulate the proposed modality in market access and estimate its potential impacts on Korea's tariff profile. By accommodating a tiered formula for tariff reduction, the modality attempts to harmonize tariffs across products and countries. When no flexibility in tariff cuts is taken into account, Korea would face up to 68 percent reduction in tariffs in an average term (the baseline). The provision of sensitive products in which the tariff cuts are allowed to deviate from the tiered formula by two-thirds at a maximum is likely to bring about 11 percentage points of maximum tariff saving effects compared with the baseline case. Besides, Korea would be able to maximize savings in tariff reductions by 25 percentage points by... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Tariff; Tiered formula; Modality; Market access; Doha Round; Korea; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45677 |
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| Lin, Ying; Ren, Da-peng. |
| On the basis of defining the concept of market access for agricultural products, this paper analyzes the necessity of establishing market access system of agricultural products, proposes the conception of establishing market access system of agricultural products in China; sets up the frame of market access system of agricultural products; analyzes the rationality of the frame of market access system of agricultural products; poses the consideration of economic law regarding setup of market access system of agricultural products. This paper also puts forward the legislative suggestions for establishing market access system of agricultural products as follows: establish the frame of market access system of agricultural products taking quality access as... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural products; Market access; Quality safety of agricultural products; Legal system; China; Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113473 |
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| Niebuhr, Annekatrin. |
| New Economic Geography (NEG) has reached a theoretical consolidation while related empirical tests are still scarce. The present paper aims at providing some evidence on the validity of forces emphasised by NEG. The analysis starts from the nominal wage equation derived from the Krugman "core-periphery model" and focuses on one of the main propositions of NEG that access advantages raise factor prices. The paper investigates the significance of market access for regional wages and the geographic extent of demand linkages for a cross section of European regions, also taking into account the effects of national borders. The regression analysis covers the period between 1985 and 2000. The results are consistent with the implication of NEG that demand linkages... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: New economic geography; Market access; Europe; International Relations/Trade; C21; F12; R12. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26148 |
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| Minot, Nicholas. |
| In Tanzania, as in many other developing countries, the conventional wisdom is that economic reforms may have stimulated economic growth, but that the benefits of this growth have been uneven, favoring urban households and farmers with good market access. This idea, although quite plausible, has rarely been tested empirically. In this paper, we develop a new approach to measuring trends in poverty and apply it to Tanzania in order to explore the distributional aspects of economic growth and the relationship between rural poverty and market access. We find that, between 1991 and 2003, a period of extensive economic reforms, the overall rate of poverty fell about 9 percentage points. The degree of poverty reduction was similar between rural and urban areas,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Tanzania; Poverty; Market access; Agricultural development; Rural areas; Economic reform; Measurement; Rural poverty; International Development; I32; O18; O55; Q13; R11. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59829 |
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| Minot, Nicholas. |
| Economic reforms in Tanzania have resulted in low inflation and solid economic growth, but many observers question whether the standard of living of ordinary Tanzanians has improved. Furthermore, there is a strong suspicion that the benefits have been concentrated among the urban population and among rural households with good market access, leaving remote rural households behind. In this paper, we demonstrate a new approach to measuring poverty trends over time. First, the relationship between poverty and household characteristics is estimated using household budget survey data. Second, this relationship is applied to the same characteristics in Demographic and Health Surveys, four of which have been carried out in Tanzania. The results suggest that the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Market access; Tanzania; Economic reforms; Food Security and Poverty; C0; I3; O1; Q13; R0. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25603 |
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| Wainio, John; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Dyck, John H.. |
| Since 2001, the United States has concluded negotiations with 13 countries, resulting in 8 trade agreements (TAs). Three additional agreements have been negotiated but not yet ratified by Congress, as of March 2011. Other countries have become increasingly active in negotiating their own trade pacts. This proliferation of TAs between key U.S. trading partners and competitors may have raised concerns among U.S. exporters, whose share in established markets could be eroded by such deals. In this study, ERS examines how recently concluded TAs between ASEAN (Southeast Asia) countries and China and Australia/New Zealand, as well as pending TAs between the United States and Korea, Colombia, and Panama, will likely affect U.S. agricultural trade. Model results... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Market access; Free trade agreements; Tariffs; Trade agreements; Trade creation; Trade diversion; Trade promotion agreements; GTAP model.; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102754 |
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| Olper, Alessandro; Raimondi, Valentina. |
| Starting from a theoretically consistent gravity model, this paper first provides estimates of bilateral 'border effects' in food trade among Quad countries (Canada, USA, Japan and EU) at the ISIC 4-digit level. Then, it investigates the underlying reasons of border effect, assessing the role played by policy barriers (tariffs and non-tariff barriers) with respect to barriers unrelated to trade policy, such as information related costs and cultural proximity. In contrast with several previous findings, we show that policy barriers are part of the story in explaining the strong trade reduction effect induced by national borders, and this is especially true when we control for the endogeneity of trade policy to imports, as suggested by political economy... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Border effect; Food trade; Market access; Gravity; QUAD countries; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25467 |
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| Listorti, Giulia; Kempen, Markus; Girardin, Jean; Kranzlein, Tim. |
| In a context in which price uncertainty is likely to increase, expected market trends need to be taken carefully into account while negotiating international trade policy rules. This paper aims at analyzing what is their influence on the use of policy flexibilities in the context of WTO agricultural negotiations. In particular, within the market access pillar, we focus on the selection of sensitive products. Our model, TRIMAG (Tariff Reduction Impact Model for Agriculture), defined at the 8-digit level, optimizes the domestic agricultural value added subject to a maximum number of sensitive tariff lines, accounting for various future international price scenarios. Furthermore, we test the use of alternative options for the implementation of “tariff... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: WTO agricultural negotiations; Market access; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114381 |
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| Herath, Anura. |
| After two decades of liberalized economic policies together with early accession to WTO, Sri Lanka could not achieve the exp ected fast economic growth. Agriculture growth in particular fell sharply. WTO Doha round expects a deeper liberalization. Instead, we will benefit more from being a friend of the "Development Box" and securing flexibility in tariff revisions. In asserting this, the paper analyzes impacts of liberalized policies on agriculture, stress the need for flexible trade policies and formulate a design for self designating Special Products (SP) and Special Safeguard Mechanisms (SSM). The past economic growth favoured mostly urbanised population. Sluggish rural agricultural growth, hurt with increased food imports, was the main cause of this... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Sri Lanka; Trade liberalization; Market access; Special products; Special safeguard mechanisms; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25735 |
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| Maas, Sarah; Matthews, Alan. |
| This paper examines the performance of African agri-food exports to the EU market over the first decade of the new millennium. The EU is Africa’s single largest export market absorbing just half of all African agri-food exports. Countries are grouped according to the preferential trade regime they enjoy to enter the EU market: North African countries under EuroMed agreements; least developed African countries under the Everything but Arms arrangement; other African countries under the Cotonou Agreement; and South Africa under its Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement. Despite these preferences, Africa appears to be losing market share. A shift-share analysis confirms that, with the exception of the African Mediterranean countries, the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Africa; EU; Agricultural exports; Market access; Preference agreements; Food Security and Poverty; F14; Q17. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114664 |
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| Chamberlin, Jordan; Pender, John L.; Yu, Bingxin. |
| The choices that smallholder farmers are able to make are strongly conditioned by the geographic conditions in which they live. The importance of this fact for rural development strategy is not lost on policy makers. For example, the government of Ethiopia frequently frames policy discussions by broadly different geographical conditions of moisture availability, recognizing moisture reliable, drought prone and pastoralist areas. These conditions are seen as important criteria for determining the nature, extent and priority of development interventions for different parts of the country. There is considerable evidence, however, that other geographical factors also have important implications for rural development options. This paper uses agroecology, access... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Smallholders; Small farmers; Geographic conditions; Rural development strategies; Development policy; Agro-ecology; Market access; Livelihoods; Population density; International Development. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55410 |
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| Registros recuperados: 43 | |
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