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Design and fabrication of a tractor powered leaves collector machine equipped with suction-blower system CIGR Journal
Azadbakht, Mohsen; Kiapey, Ali; Jafari, Ali.
Leaves scattered on the parks, passages, and other places have a detrimental effect on the beauty of the environment, and decrease photosynthesis, hence, the efficiency of plants.  Leaves are also used in the production of peat.  This makes using leaves collectors in parks, and organizations with a green space useful.  Due to the fact that leaves take up a high volume, their transportation is difficult.  Using the machine introduced in this paper which was equipped with a suction-blower system, increases efficiency, and at the same time decreases the costs of green space, and their workforce cost.  Focusing on overcoming the mentioned difficulties, this study was carried out in order to design and produce a tractor powered leaves collector equipped with...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Leaves collector; Blower system; Suction system; Design; Power; Tractor.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2850
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Application of PFC3D to simulate a planetary ball mill CIGR Journal
Chen, Ying; Guzman, Leno; Potter, Simon; Khan, Majibur.
Planetary ball mill is a versatile machine which has been used for grinding different types of materials for size reduction and lately for hemp decortication. PFC3D, software employing the discrete element method (DEM), was used to simulate the power and energy requirement of grinding hemp for fibre using a planetary ball mill. The simulation was facilitated through a series of hemp grinding tests using the planetary ball mill to examine the power draw of the mill. The test results identified that grinding speed had a significant effect on the power draw of the mill. The power draw data were used to calibrate the discrete element parameters for different grinding speeds. Using the calibrated parameters, one was able to predict the kinetic energy and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural machinery; Bioprocessing PFC3D; Discrete element model (DEM); Hemp; Planetary ball mill; Power; Energy; Kinetic; Friction.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2986
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The effect of thickness and power on the Hayward variety in drying process of kiwifruit using microwave CIGR Journal
Azadbakht, Mohsen; Tajari, Neda.
In this study, the rate of microwave drying method kiwifruit (Hayward variety) was studied. Samples in a completely randomized design with three different thicknesses of 4, 6 and 8 mm and weight of 15 g and three power of 200, 300 and 400W, with three replications, were dried in the microwave dryer. The samples were weighed every 30 seconds, and then moisture ratio was obtained. According to the results of experiments with different thicknesses Kiwifruit by increasing power, drying time decreased. The amount of effective moisture diffusion coefficient of kiwifruit slices with thickness of 4, 6 and 8 (mm), 3.25×10-9 to 6.49×10-9 (m2/s) and 3.65×10-9 to 1.83×10-8 (m2/s) and 1.29×10-8 to 3.25×10-8 (m2/s) was changed. The value of the effective activation...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Dryer; Kiwifruit; Microwave; Power; Thickness..
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3172
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Application of Urine as Fuel in a Soil-based Membrane-less Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell CIGR Journal
Simeon, Meshack Imologie; Otache., Matins Yusuf; Ewemojie, Temitayo Abayomi; RAJI, AbdulGaniy Olayinka.
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is a promising bio-technology that utilizes the microorganism in organic wastes to generate electricity. Although human urine has been identified as a suitable substrate in MFCs, its possible utilization in a soil-based Membrane-less Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MSCMFC) for constant power generation has, hitherto, not been reported. In this study, a MFC was set up with mud as inoculums in a plastic cylindrical vessel using carbon felt electrodes. It was operated for 19 days (456 hours) without extra substrate. Then, the MFC was treated with human urine (as substrate) four times (Days 19, 24, 32 and 36) each time the MFC output stabilized across external loads. A control MFC (MFCcontrol) was made the same way and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Renewable Energy; Microbial Fuel Cell Technology Soil; Urine; Microorganism; Power; Fuel Cell.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/4808
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Sisvar: a Guide for its Bootstrap procedures in multiple comparisons Ciência e Agrotecnologia
Ferreira,Daniel Furtado.
Sisvar is a statistical analysis system with a large usage by the scientific community to produce statistical analyses and to produce scientific results and conclusions. The large use of the statistical procedures of Sisvar by the scientific community is due to it being accurate, precise, simple and robust. With many options of analysis, Sisvar has a not so largely used analysis that is the multiple comparison procedures using bootstrap approaches. This paper aims to review this subject and to show some advantages of using Sisvar to perform such analysis to compare treatments means. Tests like Dunnett, Tukey, Student-Newman-Keuls and Scott-Knott are performed alternatively by bootstrap methods and show greater power and better controls of experimentwise...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Monte Carlo; Type I error; Power.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-70542014000200001
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Evaluation of new agricultural tractors engines by using a portable dynamometer Ciência Rural
Farias,Marcelo Silveira de; Schlosser,José Fernando; Estrada,Javier Solis; Frantz,Ulisses Giacomini; Rodrigues,Fabrício Azevedo.
ABSTRACT: Official agricultural engineering testing aims to determine torque and power, which are important information for decision making when buying an agricultural tractor. In this research the torque and maximum power values provided by manufacturers with the dynamometer tests values, were compared. Forty new agricultural tractors commercialized in the brazilian market were used. Tractors were classified according to the power range in: Class I (less than or equal 22.1kW); Class II (between 22.1 and 51.5kW); Class III (51.5 and 73.5kW); Class IV (73.5 and 117.7kW); and Class V (117.7 and 183.9kW). Variables were analyzed with the statistic t-Student test (P≥0.05). Class IV tractors engines power is bigger in comparison to the values specified by...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report Palavras-chave: Diesel cycle; Torque; Power.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782016000500820
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Pruebas para la distribución exponencial con dos parámetros. Colegio de Postgraduados
Celis Euán, David Israel.
En el análisis estadístico de tiempos de vida, la distribución exponencial ha sido tomada como referencia en las áreas de Análisis de Supervivencia y teoría de Confiabilidad. En el presente trabajo se propone una prueba basada en la razón de dos estimadores insesgados del cuadrado del parámetro de escala. Para poder hacer la prueba de exponencialidad, el análisis de la prueba propuesta se divide en dos casos. Un caso se dá cuando el parámetro de localidad es cero, y el otro caso cuando ambos parámetros son desconocidos y distintos de cero. De los estudios de pruebas de exponencialidad realizadas por D’Agostino y Stephens(1984), se deduce que la prueba Cox-Oakes es de las más potentes que existen en la actualidad. Otra prueba de interés es la de Shapiro-...
Palavras-chave: Prueba estadística; Simulación Monte Carlo; Potencia; Tamaño de la prueba; Pruebas de bondad de ajuste; Goodness of fit tests; Statistical test; Monte Carlo simulation; Power; Size of the test; Maestría; Estadística.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/703
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Prueba de bondad de ajuste para la distribución Gumbel para datos censurados tipo II, basada en la divergencia de Kullback-Leibler. Colegio de Postgraduados
Salinas Ruíz, Víctor.
Se propone una prueba de bondad de ajuste para la distribución Gumbel para datos censurados Tipo II. Esta prueba se basa en la metodología de discriminación de Lim & Park (2007), que utilizan la Divergencia de Kullback & Leibler (1951) adaptada para datos censurados Tipo II. Los valores críticos se obtuvieron mediante simulación Monte Carlo para diferentes tamaños de muestra y porcentajes de censura. La potencia y tamaño de la prueba se comparó con la prueba del Coeficiente de Correlación basado en los estimadores de Kaplan & Meier (1958) y Nelson (1972) - Aalen (1978). Los resultados de la simulación, muestran que la prueba basada en la Divergencia de Kullback-Leibler es superior a las otras pruebas en términos de potencia. _______________...
Palavras-chave: Entropía; Simulación Monte Carlo; Coeficiente de Correlación; Potencia; Tamaño de la Prueba; Entropy; Monte Carlo Simulation; Correlation Coefficient; Power; Size of the test; Estadística; Maestría.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/649
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Identidades femeninas: Proyecto de empoderamiento de mujeres, 2004, Celaya, Guanajuato Colegio de Postgraduados
Delgado Piña, Deborah.
Esta investigación hace un análisis en torno a la identidad, a partir de una vivencia concreta: Proyecto de empoderamiento (2004). Tiene los objetivos de conocer el vínculo que se establece entre el empoderamiento de las mujeres y los cambios que se suscitan en su identidad así como conocer desde su discurso, los cambios que ellas detectan en su identidad (autoreconocimiento, autoconcepto, autoestima). Se buscó determinar que el proyecto de Empoderamiento de Mujeres, 2004, en Celaya, Gto. ha influido para promover cambios en la identidad de las siete mujeres que participaron, en el plano personal, familiar y comunitario. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron: observación, entrevista, relato de vida, test Machover, test htp y test de la familia. El...
Tipo: Tesis Palavras-chave: Identidad; Poder; Cambios; Programa; Proyecto; Maestría; Desarrollo Rural; Power; Identity; Changes; Program; Project.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1291
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Una expresión explícita para la potencia media de pruebas de no inferioridad para la comparación de proporciones. Colegio de Postgraduados
Anguiano Mondragón, Emmanuel.
Las pruebas de no-inferioridad para comparar proporciones son frecuentemente empleadas en los ensayos clínicos con el objeto de verificar si hay evidencia muestral de que un tratamiento nuevo no es significativamente inferior en eficacia al tratamiento estándar, donde el tratamiento nuevo presenta algunas ventajas sobre el tratamiento estándar como por ejemplo: tener menos efectos secundarios, ser más barato o ser más fácil de aplicar. Un buen número de pruebas de no-inferioridad se han reportado en la literatura. Desafortunadamente, las comparaciones de las pruebas de no inferioridad reportadas hasta ahora son insatisfactorias pues se han realizado utilizando simulaciones o aproximaciones gruesas. Utilizando el concepto de “potencia media”, Martín-Andrés...
Palavras-chave: Pruebas de no-inferioridad; Potencia; Potencia media; Tamaños de prueba; Non-inferiority tests; Power; Mean power; Test size; Estadística; Doctorado.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2185
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Prueba de bondad de ajuste para la distribución Gumbel para datos censurados tipo II, basada en la divergencia de Kullback-Leibler. Colegio de Postgraduados
Salinas Ruíz, Víctor.
Se propone una prueba de bondad de ajuste para la distribución Gumbel para datos censurados Tipo II. Esta prueba se basa en la metodología de discriminación de Lim & Park (2007), que utilizan la Divergencia de Kullback & Leibler (1951) adaptada para datos censurados Tipo II. Los valores críticos se obtuvieron mediante simulación Monte Carlo para diferentes tamaños de muestra y porcentajes de censura. La potencia y tamaño de la prueba se comparó con la prueba del Coeficiente de Correlación basado en los estimadores de Kaplan & Meier (1958) y Nelson (1972) - Aalen (1978). Los resultados de la simulación, muestran que la prueba basada en la Divergencia de Kullback-Leibler es superior a las otras pruebas en términos de potencia. _______________...
Palavras-chave: Entropía; Simulación Monte Carlo; Coeficiente de Correlación; Potencia; Tamaño de la Prueba; Entropy; Monte Carlo Simulation; Correlation Coefficient; Power; Size of the test; Estadística; Maestría.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/649
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Conceptualizing power to study social-ecological interactions Ecology and Society
Boonstra, Wiebren J; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; wijnand.boonstra@su.se.
My aim is to conceptualize power using social science theory and to demonstrate why and how the concept of power can complement resilience studies and other analyses of social-ecological interaction. Social power as a scientific concept refers to the ability to influence both conduct and context. These two dimensions of power (conduct and context) can be observed by differentiating between various sources of power, including, for example, technology or mental power. The relevance of the conceptualization of power presented here is illustrated with the example of fire as a source of social-ecological power. I conclude by discussing how attention to power can help to address issues of social justice and responsibility in social-ecological interactions.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis Palavras-chave: Fire domestication; Power; Resilience; Social responsibility; Social-ecological interactions; Sociology.
Ano: 2016
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Spanning Boundaries in an Arizona Watershed Partnership: Information Networks as Tools for Entrenchment or Ties for Collaboration? Ecology and Society
Cutts, Bethany B. ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; Decision Center for a Desert City, Arizona State University; bcutts@asu.edu; Larson, Elisabeth K. ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; eklarson@asu.edu; Darby, Kate J.; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Kate.Darby@asu.edu; Neff, Mark; Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes, Arizona State University ; Mark.Neff@asu.edu; Wutich, Amber; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Amber.Wutich@asu.edu; Bolin, Bob; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Bob.Bolin@asu.edu.
The need to develop successful collaborative strategies is an enduring problem in sustainable resource management. Our goal is to evaluate the relationship between information networks and conflict in the context of collaborative groundwater management in the rapidly growing central highland region of Arizona. In this region, water-management conflicts have emerged because of stakeholders’ differing geographic perspectives and competing scientific claims. Using social network analyses, we explored the extent to which the Verde River Basin Partnership (VRBP), which was charged with developing and sharing scientific information, has contributed to collaboration in the region. To accomplish this, we examined the role that this stakeholder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Arizona; Boundary spanning; Collaborative management; Environmental governance; Information networks; Power; Water management.
Ano: 2010
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Social-ecological systems, social diversity, and power: insights from anthropology and political ecology Ecology and Society
Fabinyi, Michael; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; michael.fabinyi@jcu.edu.au; Evans, Louisa; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter; louisa.evans@exeter.ac.uk; Foale, Simon J; Department of Anthropology, Archaeology and Sociology, James Cook University; simon.foale@jcu.edu.au.
A social-ecological system (SES) framework increasingly underpins the “resilience paradigm.” As with all models, the SES comes with particular biases. We explore these key biases. We critically examine how the SES resilience literature has attempted to define and analyze the social arena. We argue that much SES literature defines people’s interests and livelihoods as concerned primarily with the environment, and thereby underplays the role of other motivations and social institutions. We also highlight the SES resilience literature’s focus on institutions and organized social units, which misses key aspects of social diversity and power. Our key premise is the importance of inter- and multi-disciplinary perspectives....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis Palavras-chave: Anthropology; Political ecology; Power; Social diversity; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2014
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Frames of Scale Challenges in Finnish and Greek Biodiversity Conservation Ecology and Society
Apostolopoulou, Evangelia; Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ; evaposto@bio.auth.gr; Paloniemi, Riikka ; Environmental Policy Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE); riikka.paloniemi@ymparisto.fi.
Global conservation expansion has been associated with significant changes in cross-scale interactions and in the discourses surrounding them engendering new scale challenges in the field of biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we analyze frames of scale challenges by drawing on evidence from eight focus groups of stakeholders and scientists from Greece and Finland. By following a systematic frame analysis we found three dominant frames. First, framing scale challenges as mainly derived from knowledge gaps regarding ecological scale emphasizes the scale problems occurring when only limited consideration is given to the scale-dependence of ecological phenomena. This prioritizes the formulation of scientifically informed conservation policies,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Biodiversity governance; Conservation areas; Fit; Frames; Learning; Mismatch; Power; Scale.
Ano: 2012
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The power problematic: exploring the uncertain terrains of political ecology and the resilience framework Ecology and Society
Ingalls, Micah L; Poverty-Environment Initiative, United Nations Development Programme; Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; mli6@cornell.edu; Stedman, Richard C; Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; rcs6@cornell.edu.
Significant and growing concerns relating to global social and environmental conditions and processes have raised deep questions relating to the ability of traditional governance regimes to manage for the complexities of social-ecological systems. The resilience framework provides a more dynamic approach to system analysis and management, emphasizing nonlinearity, feedbacks, and multiscalar engagement along the social-ecological nexus. In recent years, however, a number of scholars and practitioners have noted various insufficiencies in the formulation of the resilience framework, including its lack of engagement with the dimensions of power within social-ecological systems, which blunt the analytical potential of resilience and run the risk of undermining...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis Palavras-chave: Political ecology; Power; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016
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National REDD+ policy networks: from cooperation to conflict Ecology and Society
Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; m.brockhaus@cgiar.org; Di Gregorio, Monica; University of Leeds, Sustainability Research Institute; m.digregorio@leeds.ac.uk.
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) is a financial mechanism aimed at providing incentives to reduce carbon emissions from forests and enhance carbon stocks. In most forest-rich developing countries, policy actors, i.e., state and nonstate as well as international and national, are designing national REDD+ policies. Actors’ interests and beliefs shape patterns of interactions, ranging from cooperation to conflict, and these interactions influence a country’s direction and progress in REDD+ policy formulation and implementation. We used a comparative policy network approach to analyze the power structures in national REDD+ policy domains in seven countries. We drew on the typology of power structures...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Comparative analysis; Conflict; Cooperation; Policy networks; Power; REDD+; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2014
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Evaluating Responses in Complex Adaptive Systems: Insights on Water Management from the Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA) Ecology and Society
Bohensky, Erin; University of Pretoria; ebohensky@zoology.up.ac.za; Lynam, Timothy; University of Zimbabwe; tlynam@science.uz.ac.zw.
Ecosystem services are embedded in complex adaptive systems. These systems are riddled with nonlinearities, uncertainties, and surprises, and are made increasingly complex by the many human responses to problems or changes arising within them. In this paper we attempt to determine whether there are certain factors that characterize effective responses in complex systems. We construct a framework for response evaluation with three interconnected scopes or spatial and temporal domains: the scope of an impact, the scope of the awareness of the impact, and the scope of the power or influence to respond. Drawing from the experience of the Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA), we explore the applicability of this framework to the example of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Responses; Complex adaptive systems; Ecosystem services; Southern Africa; Water management; Impact; Awareness; Power.
Ano: 2005
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Power Asymmetries in Small-Scale Fisheries: a Barrier to Governance Transformability? Ecology and Society
Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se.
Both global and local environmental problems call for the transformation of many contemporary and unsustainable governance approaches. Therefore, recent interest has sprung up around factors that facilitate and hinder societies from transforming governance of natural resources. Using a social-network approach, we study links between informal power structures and knowledge sharing and consensus building. We examine how this interaction may have affected the (in)ability of a community to move from open-access to some form of collective action for resource management. Individuals occupying central positions in a knowledge network can be instrumental in determining which knowledge and interpretation of ecological signals is most dominant. If the same...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Governance; Local ecological knowledge; Natural resources; Power; Social networks; Transformation.
Ano: 2010
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The Political Economy of Cross-Scale Networks in Resource Co-Management Ecology and Society
Adger, W. Neil; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research; n.adger@uea.ac.uk; Brown, Katrina; University of East Anglia; k.brown@uea.ac.uk; Tompkins, Emma L.; University of East Anglia; e.tompkins@uea.ac.uk.
We investigate linkages between stakeholders in resource management that occur at different spatial and institutional levels and identify the winners and losers in such interactions. So-called cross-scale interactions emerge because of the benefits to individual stakeholder groups in undertaking them or the high costs of not undertaking them. Hence there are uneven gains from cross-scale interactions that are themselves an integral part of social-ecological system governance. The political economy framework outlined here suggests that the determinants of the emergence of cross-scale interactions are the exercise of relative power between stakeholders and their costs of accessing and creating linkages. Cross-scale interactions by powerful stakeholders have...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight Palavras-chave: Caribbean; Institutions; Marine protected areas; Natural resource management; Power; Social-ecological resilience; Transaction costs..
Ano: 2005
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