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Registros recuperados: 64
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Certifying the commons: eco-certification, privatization, and collective action Ecology and Society
Foley, Paul; Environmental Policy Institute, Memorial University, Grenfell Campus; pfoley@grenfell.mun.ca; McCay, Bonnie; Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers the State University; mccay@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU.
We examine new dynamics of privatization and collective action in common pool resource situations facilitated by the nonstate multistakeholder institutions of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), the global leader in sustainability certification for wild caught seafood. Through a review of the literature and two case studies of fishing cooperatives in Baja California Sur, Mexico and on Fogo Island in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), we advance two interrelated arguments. First, certification and eco-labeling institutions privatize fisheries governance in largely unexamined ways through the injection of new forms of exclusive rights or privileges into common pool resource situations already complicated by access and property...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Baja California Sur Mexico; Collective action; Common pool resources; Commons; Community-based fisheries; Cooperatives; Environmental certification; Environmental governance; Fisheries; Fogo Island Newfoundland and Labrador Canada; Governance; Marine Stewardship Council; MSC; Northern shrimp; Privatization; Property rights; Spiny lobster; Sustainable.
Ano: 2014
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Common and Privatized: Conditions for Wise Management of Matsutake Mushrooms in Northwest Yunnan Province, China Ecology and Society
Yang, Xuefei; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Ethnobotany, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; xuefei@mail.kib.ac.cn; Wilkes, Andreas; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), China Program; awilkes@mail.kib.ac.cn; Yang, Yongping; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Ethnobotany, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; yangyp@mail.kib.ac.cn; Xu, Jianchu; Laboratory of Ethnobotany, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), China Program; jxu@mail.kib.ac.cn; Geslani, Cheryl S; University of Hawai'i at Manoa; geslani@hawaii.edu; Yang, Xueqing; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; yangxueqing@mail.kib.a.cn; Gao, Feng; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; gaofeng@mail.kib.ac.cn; Yang, Jiankun; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; yjk@mail.kib.ac.cn; Robinson, Brian; University of Wisconsin-Madison; berobinson@wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Common-pool resource; Management strategies; Matsutake mushroom; Open access; Privatization; Yunnan Province.
Ano: 2009
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Biodiversity offsetting: Clearing up misunderstandings between conservation and economics to take further action ArchiMer
Vaissiere, Anne-charlotte; Levrel, Harold; Scemama, Pierre.
Biodiversity offsetting (BO) is increasingly adopted as a conservation tool by many countries while it has received several critics among which its possible links to several forms of Nature economicization. We believe that some of these concerns rest on misunderstandings generated by the difficulty to interpret economic principles from ecological viewpoints and the lack of a common language between conservationists and economists. Because this issue is vivid and the concepts not yet stabilized, key aspects of the potential advances and limits of BO to conservation practice must be clarified. This short communication (1) addresses the links between the BO concept and the central sustainability principle and (2) clarifies key assumptions regarding three...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Biodiversity offsetting; Sustainability; Commodification; Marketization; Privatization; Ecological restoration.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00361/47215/47450.pdf
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Broadening the perspective on ocean privatizations: an interdisciplinary social science enquiry ArchiMer
Schlüter, Achim; Bavinck, Maarten; Hadjimichael, Maria; Partelow, Stefan; Said, Alicia; Ertör, Irmak.
Privatization of the ocean, in the sense of defining more exclusive property rights, is taking place in increasingly diverse ways. Because of more intensive and diversified use patterns and increasing sustainability challenges, it is likely that this process will continue into the future. We argue that the nature of privatization varies from one oceanic domain to another. We differentiate four ideal-typical domains: (1) resources, (2) space, (3) governance control, and (4) knowledge, and nine criteria for the assessment of privatization. We apply those criteria to a selection of examples from the realm of marine life (from micro-organisms to fish) to highlight similarities and differences and establish foundations for broader analysis. We aim hereby to...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ocean; Privatization; Property rights; Sustainability.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00648/76050/76994.pdf
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Environmental Remediation Law and Economies in Transition AgEcon
Boyd, James.
The paper discusses the design of environmental remediation laws in countries struggling with fundamental market and institutional reforms. Optimal cleanup standards, liability rules, and enforcement are discussed from the standpoint of both economic efficiency and practical implementation. Particular attention is paid to financing mechanisms and issues that arise during privatization.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Environmental remediation; Liability; Privatization; Transitional economies; Environmental Economics and Policy; K32; P21; Q28.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10721
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Tubewell transfer in Gujarat: A study of the GWRDC approach AgEcon
Mukherji, Aditi; Kishore, Avinash.
In India public (government) tubewells were built with the intention of providing irrigation to all categories of farmers in a fair, equitable and affordable manner. However, most public tubewell programs across India have failed on all these counts. Efforts to transfer their management to water users too have met with little success. Nonetheless, the Gujarat Water Resources Development Corporation (GWRDC)-a state-owned public company-has achieved rare success in tubewell transfer by handing over management of around 60 percent of public tubewells in the Gujarat state to user groups. This study tries to identify the factors that helped in accelerating the transfer process and evaluate the performance of transferred tubewells against those owned by...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Tube wells; Privatization; Groundwater management; Economic aspects; Operations; Maintenance; Equity; Farmers' attitudes; Policy; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44559
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RURAL DEVELOPMENT, PRIVATIZATION AND PUBLIC CHOICE: SUBSTANCE DEPENDS UPON PROCESS AgEcon
Hite, James C..
Whether or not privatization facilitates rural development depends upon what rural development means. In practice, rural development often is the result of a struggle between rent defenders and rent seekers. A positivist concept of rural development is proposed, and the institutions of public choice are examined to determine how they might influence privatization decisions. The conclusion is that whether or not privatization improves efficiency of adjustment in rural economies depends upon the specifics of political deals required to achieve a particular act of privatization.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Privatization; Rural development; Public choice; Rent-seeking; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15204
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Water as an economic good: a solution, or a problem? AgEcon
Perry, Christopher J.; Rock, Michael; Seckler, David.
Discusses the potential opportunities and pitfalls of introducing market forces into the process of water allocation. Proposes several preconditions for beneficial privatization of water allocation and argues for a more sophisticated form of analysis than that generally allowed by proponents of basic needs or of free market approaches.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Economic aspects; Economic analysis; Irrigated farming; Water rights; Pricing; Privatization; Marginal analysis; Water market; Water policy; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61113
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Women irrigators and leaders in the West Gandak Scheme, Nepal AgEcon
van Koppen, Barbara; van Etten, Jacobijn; Bajracharya, Prabina; Tuladhar, Amita.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Irrigation canals; Maintenance; Farmers' associations; Water users' associations; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Privatization; Leadership; Women; Gender; Households; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92768
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El impacto social de la privatización y de la regulación de los servicios públicos en el Perú AgEcon
Torero, Maximo; Pasco-Font Quevedo, Alberto.
Casi cinco años después de haber culminado las privatizaciones en telecomunicaciones y electricidad, así como haber realizado importantes reformas en agua potable y alcantarillado, es necesario realizar un balance sobre los resultados de dichas reformas. A fin de determinar si el resultado fue positivo o negativo, esta investigación trata de cuantificar los efectos de las privatizaciones de los servicios públicos (agua, telecomunicaciones y electricidad) sobre el consumo y bienestar de los hogares urbanos peruanos. Por tanto, nuestro principal objetivo es analizar los efectos sobre la distribución del ingreso e identificar que hogares se beneficiaron y cuales se perjudicaron por los cambios en precios originados por las privatizaciones. Para lograr este...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Servicios públicos; Telecomunicacions; Electricidad; Privatización; Saneamiento; Perú; Public Services; Telecomunications; Electricity; Sanitation; Privatization; Peru; Public Economics; L3.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37758
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Locally managed irrigation systems: essential tasks and implications for assistance, management transfer and turnover programs AgEcon
Yoder, Robert.
This monograph examines the construction, operation and maintenance tasks that shape the nature of locally managed irrigation systems. The objective of the book is to identify relevant experiences and lessons for staff who are responsible for working with locally managed systems in three types of programs: direct assistance to existing locally managed irrigation systems, turnover of public owned systems to local management, and transfer of partial management to farmer groups within larger systems that remain publicly controlled.
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Irrigation systems; Irrigation scheduling; Privatization; Farmer participation; Water management; Water rights; Water allocation; Resource management; Organizational dynamics; Conflict; Communication; Training; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114044
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Institutional alternatives in African smallholder irrigation: Lessons from international experience with irrigation management transfer AgEcon
Shah, Tushaar; van Koppen, Barbara; Merrey, Douglas J.; de Lange, Marna; Samad, Madar.
This report reviews several decades of global experience in transferring management of government-run irrigation systems to farmer associations or other nongovernmental agencies in an attempt to apply the lessons of success to the African smallholder irrigation context.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Small scale systems; Privatization; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Water users’ associations; Land tenure; Pumps; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44563
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Asian-driven Resource Booms in Africa: Rethinking the Impacts on Development AgEcon
Breisinger, Clemens; Thurlow, James.
Today’s resource boom in Africa, driven by Asian economic growth, offers new opportunities for resource-rich African countries. Contrary to the experience of previous booms, however, most mining profits now accrue to foreign companies, leaving little room for governments to use revenues for pro-poor investments or to mitigate adverse distributional impacts. Taking Zambia as a case study, this paper shows that despite privatization, Dutch disease remains a valid concern and may hamper economic diversification, worsen income distribution, and undermine poverty reduction strategies. Mining royalties must, therefore, be increased and used to finance growth-inducing investments that encourage pro-poor economic diversification, else many African countries will...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Dutch disease; Resource booms; Privatization; Income distribution; Africa; Zambia; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42351
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Private irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa; Regional Seminar on Private Sector Participation and Irrigation Expansion in sub-Saharan Africa, Proceedings 22-26 October 2011, Accra, Ghana AgEcon
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Privatization; Irrigated farming; Financing; Irrigation systems; Gender; Women; Government managed irrigation systems; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Rice; Horticulture; Technology transfer; Pumps; Drip irrigation; Filtration; Capacity building; Urban agriculture; Poverty; Water users associations; Agricultural credit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118418
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Intersectoral management of river basins; Proceedings of an International Workshop on "Integrated Water Management in Water-Stressed River Basins in Developing Countries: Strategies for Poverty Alleviation and Agricultural Growth," Loskop Dam, South Africa, 16-21 October 2000 AgEcon
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Water management; River basins; Watercourses; Poverty; Agricultural development; Developing countries; Water policy; Water use efficiency; Political aspects; Water allocation; User charges; Privatization; Water users' associations; Water scarcity; Investment; Financing; Institutional constraints; Water law; Gender; Social aspects; Conflict; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Food Security and Poverty; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118386
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Gender issues and women's participation in irrigated agriculture: The case of two private irrigation canals in Carchi, Ecuador AgEcon
Bastidas, Elena P..
Defines the degree of women's involvement in irrigated agriculture and water users associations in two private irrigation canals in Ecuador and identifies factors that limit their involvement. Analyzes the effects of intra-household dynamics and the women's urban/rural backgrounds on participation.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Women in development; Gender; Labor; Privatization; Households; Irrigated farming; Irrigation canals; Water users' associations; Participatory management; Water allocation; Case studies; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44576
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Synthesis of IWMI work in Nepal AgEcon
Pant, Dhruba; Samad, Madar.
The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) has been working in Nepal since 1986 with the objective of undertaking research in water management and to strengthen the research capabilities of concerned government agencies. The research helped to develop appropriate mechanisms for providing support to Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems (FMIS) and the initiation of participatory irrigation management (PIM). The river basin studies helped policy formulation for integrated planning and management of water resources besides the methodological contribution through the development of appropriate tools for water management studies. It also contributed to enhancing the capabilities of agency officials and local researchers through their involvement in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Irrigation systems; Privatization; Farmer managed irrigation systems; River basin management; Water users associations; Policy; Groundwater management; Gender; Women; Capacity building; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95762
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Service Delivery in Rural Municipalities: Privatize, Cooperate, or Go It Alone? AgEcon
Halstead, John M.; Mohr, Robert D.; Deller, Steven C..
Choices in production and contracting arrangements for a wide range of services were studied using data from approximately 1,000 small, mostly rural municipalities from Illinois, New Hampshire and Wisconsin. Results suggest the use of both for-profit contractors and cooperative agreements with other governments correlate negatively with population. Small municipalities are less likely to use competitive bidding processes, compare costs between production options, or report that privatization produces savings. Median income, rural geography, and ideology show statistically-significant associations with contracting choices. Respondents generally consider themselves ―satisfied‖ with services provided by contract, although satisfaction levels are lower than...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Privatization; Municipal services; Cooperation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60991
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The role of research-supported irrigation policy in sustainable irrigated agriculture: an interpretive precis of the case of Pakistan AgEcon
Bandaragoda, Don Jayatissa.
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Research; Policy; Privatization; Sustainable agriculture; Irrigated farming; Performance; Institutions; Groundwater; Tube wells; Water allocation; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113860
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Raising the Financial Costs of Children and Fertility Responses: Evidence from the Kibbutz AgEcon
Ebenstein, Avraham; Hazan, Moshe; Simhon, Avi.
Prior to 1996, Israelis in collective communities (kibbutzim) shared the costs of raising children equally. This paper examines the impact of the privatization of kibbutzim on fertility behavior among members. We find that fertility declined by 6-15 percent following the shift to privatization. In light of the massive change in financial costs associated with childbearing due to privatization, our results suggest that financial considerations may be a more modest factor in fertility decisions than generally regarded.
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Kibbutz; Costs of Children; Fertility; Privatization; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122844
Registros recuperados: 64
Primeira ... 1234 ... Última
 

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