SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Zambia

Levy, Stephanie.

This paper studies the relevance of agricultural policies for avoiding Dutch Disease, which affects many less developed countries experiencing a resource boom. Using a computable general equilibrium model calibrated for Chad, we study the impact of using this country’s annual oil revenue for public investment, particularly in the development of road and irrigation infrastructure. Our model takes into account the integration of markets and migration processes. We find that improving water access would reduce Chad’s dependence on food aid and entail a substantial improvement in rural household welfare.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O110; O130; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55398

Robinson, Peter; Govereh, Jones; Ndlela, Daniel.

On the Role of Government in Food Staples Markets: Perspectives from Recent Research and Implications for Mozambique

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48516

Tostao, Emilio; Tschirley, David L..

This brief reviews results of applied research regarding the role of government in staple food markets in East and Southern Africa. The purpose of the brief is to draw lessons for Mozambique as it decides how to use the grain storage silos it has been building since 2009. The authors suggest that: Mozambique is in an unusually strong position to take advantage of private sector activity to stabilize prices over time and space; Additional investment in road and rail infrastructure, incentives, and institutions, would help bring down transaction costs and allow private action to further stabilize prices; Additional stabilization, for those times when Mozambique has to rely on imports from the world market beyond what they normally make, could be obtained in...

EXPLAINING THE HEALTH CHECK:THE BUDGET, WTO, AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL POLICY PARADIGM REVISITED

Palavras-chave: Africa; Mozambique; Food security; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Marketing; Q18; Q13; Q12.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62154

Daugbjerg, Carsten; Swinbank, Alan.

Three potential explanations of past CAP reforms have been identified in the literature: a budget constraint, pressure from GATT/WTO negotiations or commitments, and a paradigm shift emphasising agriculture’s provision of public goods. The presentation, content and context of the Health Check reform proposals of 2007/08 are assessed. The proposals are probably more ambitious than first supposed. The Health Check was not primarily driven by budget pressures; the European Commission’s wish to adopt an offensive negotiating stance in the closing phases of the Doha Round was a more likely explanatory factor. The EU’s response to the commodity price spikes in 2008, and its Health Check proposals, suggest that the supposed switch from a state-assisted policy...

Qual o Papel da Agricultura Familiar Comercial no Desenvolvimento Rural e Ruduço da Pobreza em Moçambique?

Palavras-chave: Health Check; CAP Reform; WTO; Doha; Paradigm change; Multifunctional; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F13; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44818

Carrilho, Joao; Benfica, Rui M.S.; Tschirley, David L.; Boughton, Duncan.

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique

CONSUMER INTENTIONS OF BUYING POULTRY MEAT UNDER PERCEIVED BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL OR TECHNOLOGICAL RISK IN FINLAND

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56057

Heikkila, Jaakko; Pouta, Eija; Forsman-Hugg, Sari; Makela, Johanna.

The study focuses on various types of food safety risks: biological (zoonoses), chemical (chemical treatment of the meat) and technological (use of genetically modified feed). The emphasis was on how the perceived risks affect the purchase intentions in the case of broiler meat. In the case of each risk products the attitude-level variables had importance in explaining the buying intentions. The heterogeneity of the respondents regarding the purchase intentions of risk products was analysed by latent class logistic regression that included all three risk products. About 60% of the respondents belonged to the group of risk avoiders in which the purchase intention of risk food was significantly lower than in the second group of risk neutrals in which 64% of...

The Implications of Alternative U.S. Domestic and Trade Policies for Biofuels

Palavras-chave: Broiler; Consumer behaviour; Risk; Food safety; Consumer heterogeneity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C25; D12; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116403

Yano, Yuki; Blandford, David; Surry, Yves R..

The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard program (RFS), which involves mandates for various biofuels, is complex and has been often misinterpreted or oversimplified in previous studies. In this paper we analyze the implications of the RFS for the U.S. domestic and international ethanol markets. We demonstrate the vital role of the advanced biofuel mandate within the RFS. Impacts of changes in tariffs on imported fuel ethanol and subsidies for U.S. domestic ethanol production are examined. One of our important findings is that the RFS could result in serious misallocation of resources in both a national and international context. There is a possibility that the United States could be required to import sugarcane-based ethanol to meet the advanced biofuel mandate,...

Meat Slaughter and Processing Plants’ Traceability Levels: Evidence From Iowa

Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Trade liberalization; Renewable Fuel Standard; Mandate; Subsidies; Industrial Organization; F13; Q18; Q42; Q48.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91832

Bulut, Harun; Lawrence, John D..

Based on an econometric analysis of the data obtained from a survey of meat plants ( ) in Iowa in summer 2007, this paper identifies the factors impacting the meat plants’ voluntary adoption of forward and backward traceability activities. The results suggest that the ownership type (corporate versus independent) and operations type (slaughtering versus not) matter rather than the size and meat type produced (beef, pork, or poultry) as suggested in the previous surveys. Furthermore, food safety activities appear to be complementary to traceability activities. The findings may assist ongoing regulatory efforts in implementing traceability in U.S. in the near future.

Food Safety. Commodity Science Point of View

Palavras-chave: Country of origin labeling; Food safety; Multiple imputation method; National animal identification system; Ordered logistic regression; Quality assurances; Traceability; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Q13; Q18; C21; C35.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6135

Zalewski, Romuald I.; Skawinska, Eulalia.

The paper addresses "food safety" and 'food quality' from the position of commodity and food science rather than economy. The various descriptions of both terms in literature are reviewed in connection with customer/supplier ability to evaluate food safety and quality by examination of various characteristics. Food safety has been described as opposite to food risk. Differences in perception of food risk by customer, producer/supplier and official agencies are discussed in this paper. The objective safety (and quality) of food can be evaluated using three categories of food risk (biological, chemical and physical) measured on a seven step intensity scale by producers and official agencies but not by customers. This leads to formulating food safety policy...

Rates of Return in the Farm and Nonfarm Sectors: How Do They Compare?

Palavras-chave: Food safety; Food quality; Risk; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q13; Q18; M31.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25734

Erickson, Kenneth W.; Moss, Charles B.; Mishra, Ashok K..

This study examines the return on agricultural assets relative to nonfinancial corporate assets in the general economy using aggregate bureau of Economic Analysis data. Our results indicate that the rate of return on nonfarm assets dominates the rate of return on agricultural assets. The average rate of return on nonfarm assets is higher than the average rate of return on farm assets, and the variance of the rate of return on nonfarm assets is lower than the variance of the rate of return on farm assets. Furthermore, the rate of return on agricultural assets only exceeds the rate of return in the nonfarm sector in 1992.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Farm sector accounting; Nonfarm income; Nonfarm sector; Rate of return; Returns to farm assets; Q14; Q18.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43477

Can Dispersed Biomass Processing Protect the Environment and Cover the Bottom Line for Biofuel?

Egbendewe-Mondzozo, Aklesso; Swinton, Scott M.; Bals, Bryan D.; Dale, Bruce E..

This paper compares environmental and profitability outcomes for a centralized biorefinery for cellulosic ethanol that does all processing versus a biorefinery linked to a decentralized array of local depots that pretreat biomass into concentrated briquettes. The analysis uses a spatial bioeconomic model that maximizes predicted profit from crop and energy products, subject to the requirement that the biorefinery must be operated at full capacity. The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients simulated with the EPIC model, as well as input and output prices, spatial transportation costs, ethanol yields from biomass, and biorefinery capital and operational costs. The model was applied to 82 cropping systems simulated across 37...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Biomass production; Bioenergy supply; Cellulosic ethanol; Environmental trade-off analysis; Bioeconomic modeling; EPIC; Spatial configuration; Local biomass processing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q15; Q57; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119348

Can The Momentum be Sustained? An Economic Analysis of the Ministry of Agriculture/Sasakawa Global 2000's Experiment with Improved Cereals Technology in Ethiopia

Howard, Julie A.; Demeke, Mulat; Kelly, Valerie A.; Maredia, Mywish K.; Stepanek, Julie.

A Joint Research Activity of: Grain Marketing Research Project/Michigan State University, Sasakawa Global 2000, Ministry of Agriculture Department of Extension and Cooperatives, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; SG2000; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55051

Water sharing for the environment and agriculture in the Broken catchment

Farquharson, Robert J.; Ramilan, Thiagarajah; Stewardson, Michael; Beverly, Craig; Vietz, Geoff; George, Brendan; Dassanyake, K.; Sammonds, M..

The Commonwealth of Australia Water Act 2007 changed the priority for water use in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) to first ensure environmentally sustainable levels of extraction and then to maximise net economic returns to the community from water use. The Murray- Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) is expected to deliver a draft Basin Plan in 2011 providing a framework for future water planning. The Plan will include Sustainable Diversion Limits (SDLs) which define water diversions for consumption while maintaining environmental assets and ecosystem functions. The 2009 MDBA Concept Statement acknowledged that in some areas less information is available to determine the SDLs. The 2010 MDBA Guide to the Basin Plan proposed SDLs reducing the current long-term...

Farm Animal Welfare and Quality Verification

Palavras-chave: Water sharing; Environment; Agriculture; Murray-Darling Basin; Broken catchment; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q18; Q25; Q28.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100547

Uzea, Adrian D.; Hobbs, Jill E..

Existing empirical evidence suggests that farm animal welfare may not be a top-of-mind issue for many consumers in North America. Nevertheless, there is pressure from animal welfare groups on food retailers and processors to implement more stringent requirements for their suppliers. Is the demand for more stringent animal welfare protocols primarily determined by a subset of consumers with very strong preferences or by an underlying change in consumer and societal preferences? Who do consumers trust for credible quality assurances with respect to farm animal welfare attributes? This paper provides a basis for further analysis of these issues. The roles of different stakeholders in delivering farm animal welfare quality assurances to consumers are first...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Farm animal welfare; Quality assurance; Labelling; Certification; Heterogeneous consumers.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45498

The Economics of Smallholder Households in Tobacco and Cotton Growing Areas of the Zambezi Valley of Mozambique

Benfica, Rui M.S.; Zandamela, Julieta; Miguel, Arlindo; de Sousa, Natercia.

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique

Institutional Uncertainty at Home and Away: The Case of Lemons from Argentina

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Tobacco; Cotton; Household; Zambezi Valley; Mozambique; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56064

Romano, Eduardo; Thornsbury, Suzanne.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F13; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94379

The Potential Effects on United States Agriculture of an Avian Influenza Outbreak

Brown, Scott; Madison, Daniel; Goodwin, Harold L., Jr.; Clark, F. Dustan.

The U.S. poultry industry has spent considerable resources to date preparing for an outbreak of avian influenza in this country. This research quantifies the potential effects of two alternative avian influenza scenarios on the poultry industry. In addition, this research looks at effects on other agriculture sectors including the loss of feed demand from an outbreak and the impacts on aggregate measures like farm income and consumer food expenditures. The economic sector model maintained by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) is employed for these scenarios.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Disease outbreak; Econometric model; Poultry production; Poultry trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Q11; Q18; Q17; Q13.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6516

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF A BAN AGAINST ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS USED IN U.S. BEEF PRODUCTION

Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr..

Economic effects for three scenarios of antimicrobial drug use in livestock production -- a no-ban scenario and two levels of bans -- are examined through cost minimization and a partial equilibrium analysis. Results indicate that regulating antimicrobial drug use in livestock production would increase per-unit costs of producers previously using drugs and reduce beef supplies in the short run, reducing consumer surplus. Producers not previously using drugs would benefit from short-run price increases.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Antimicrobial drug; Ban; Beef production; Cost minimization; Feed efficiency; Growth function; Growth promotant; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; D21; D41; I118; Q11; Q12; Q18; R38.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15068

The impact of changing agricultural policies on jointly used rough pastures in the Bavarian Pre-Alps - an economic and ecological scenario approach

Roeder, Norbert; Lederbogen, Dirk; Trautner, Juergen; Bergamini, Ariel; Stofer, Silvia; Scheidegger, Christoph.

The following paper assesses the impact of different policy options on the land use and associated biodiversity values of jointly organized low intensity grazing systems (‘Allmende’) in Southern Bavaria. We use an integrated economic and ecological modelling approach to compare the results of the scenarios with a reference situation that reflects the Common Agricultural Policy prior to the Fischler Reform. The economic sub model is based on single farms which alter their land use in response to economic stimuli. Within the economic part, key factors like the farm’s endowment with machinery, quota and buildings but also the farmer’s attitude are regarded. Within the rule based ecological sub model we analyze three main parameters: (a) protected habitats...

A Microcomputer Based Planning and Budgeting System for Agricultural Research Programs

Palavras-chave: CAP; Agent based modelling; BioAssess; Impact assessment; Biodiversity; Agriculture; Target species; EC Habitats Directive; Land Economics/Use; Q18; Q57.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51070