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Registros recuperados: 62
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The Linkage Between Income Distribution and Clean Energy Investments: Addressing Financing Cost 31
Ameli, Nadia; Kammen, Daniel M..
With a focus on alternative methods for accelerating clean energy policy adoption, this study introduces an innovative financing scheme for renewable and energy efficiency deployment. Financing barriers represent a notable obstacle for energy improvements and this is particularly the case for low-income households. Limited access to credit, due to socio-economic status and the lack of guarantees, are key issues related to financing barriers. Implementing a policy such as PACE – Property Assessed Clean Energy – allows for the provision of up-front funds for residential property owners to install electric and thermal solar systems and make energy-efficiency improvements to their buildings. This paper will inform the design of better policies tailored to the...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Financing Barriers; Energy Efficiency; Solar PV; Energy Investments; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q55.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121912
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Challenges to Producer Ownership of Ethanol and Biodiesel Production Facilities 31
Kenkel, Philip L.; Holcomb, Rodney B..
This study examines the rapidly expanding biofuels industry and identifies challenges for producer-owned biofuel projects. The U.S. ethanol industry has been growing rapidly, and biodiesel production is poised for similar growth. Producer involvement is driven by the desire to add value to farm commodities and the impact of biofuel projects on local grain prices. Local state and federal incentives have also stimulated producer interest. The long-run profitability of biofuel projects is driven by feedstock availability, access to market centers for biofuels, access to markets for coproducts, and utility costs and availability. The rapidly increasing size and scale of ethanol and biodiesel plants make it difficult for producers to fund these projects....
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Alternative energy biodiesel; Ethanol; Producer-owned business; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q42; Q55.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43772
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Modeling International Trends in Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emissions 31
Stern, David I..
This study uses a stochastic production frontier to model energy efficiency trends, in 85 countries over a 37 year period. No structure is imposed on technological change over time, although differences in technology level across the countries are modelled as a stochastic function of explanatory variables. These variables are selected by a literature survey and a theoretical model of energy-efficient technology choice. An improvement in a country’s energy efficiency is measured as a reduction in energy intensity, while holding constant that economy’s mix of inputs and outputs. All other things remaining constant, the country using the least energy per unit output is on the global best-practice frontier. The model is used to derive decompositions of...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Energy; Efficiency; Carbon; Emissions; Technological change; Between estimator; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O33; O47; Q43; Q54; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94950
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Land Degradation in Ethiopia: What do Stoves Have to Do with it? 31
Gebreegziabher, Zenebe; van Kooten, G. Cornelis; van Soest, Daan P..
Land degradation is a particularly vexing problem in developing countries; as forests are depleted, crop residues and dung are used for fuel, which degrades cropland. In Ethiopia, the government encourages tree planting and adoption of energy efficient stove technologies to mitigate land degradation. We use data from 200 households in Tigrai, Ethiopia to examine the adoption of new stove technologies. Adoption is an economic decision, related to savings in time spent collecting fuel and cooking, and cattle required for everyday purposes. Results indicate adopters of efficient stoves reduce respective wood and dung use by 68 and 316 kg per month.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Africa; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O55; Q24; Q55.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37026
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Issues, impacts, and prospects of the first transgenic crops tolerant to a herbicide. The case of glyphosate-tolerant soybean in the USA 31
Bonny, Sylvie.
IAAE 2009 International Conference
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crop; GMO; Biotechnology; Agro-economic impact; Environmental impact; Sustainability; Soybean; Pesticide; Weed; Prospects; Herbicide; Glyphosate; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q55; O3; O13; O51.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51449
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Benefit-costs analysis of climate-related agricultural investments in Africa: a case study 31
Branca, Giacomo; Lipper, Leslie; Sorrentino, Alessandro.
Paper removed at the request of the first (corresponding) author.
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Food security; Adaptation; Mitigation; Benefit-cost analysis; Externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; D62; H54; O13; Q55.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124109
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Factor-Augmenting Technical Change: An Empirical Assessment 31
De Cian, Enrica.
Starting from a system of factor demands, an empirical model that allows estimating factor-augmenting technical change is derived. Factor-augmenting technical change is defined as the improvement in factor productivities that can occur either exogenously or endogenously, with changes in other macroeconomic variables. This paper provides additional estimates for the substitution possibilities among inputs and it offers new empirical evidence on the direction and sources of factor-augmenting technical change, an issue that has not yet been explored by the empirical literature on growth determinants. The empirical findings suggest that technical change is directed. Technical change tends to be more energy-saving than capital- and labour-saving. Both R&D...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Factor-Augmenting Technical Change; Technology Spillovers; Panel Data; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C3; O47; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50403
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Climate Change Mitigation Strategies in Fast-Growing Countries: The Benefits of Early Action 31
Bosetti, Valentina; Tavoni, Massimo; Carraro, Carlo.
This paper builds on the assumption that OECD countries are (or will soon be) taking actions to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. These actions, however, will not be sufficient to control global warming, unless developing countries also get involved in the cooperative effort to reduce GHG emissions. This paper investigates the best short-term strategies that emerging economies can adopt in reacting to OECD countries’ mitigation effort, given the common long-term goal to prevent excessive warming without hampering economic growth. Results indicate that developing countries would incur substantial economic losses by following a myopic strategy that disregards climate in the short-run, and that their optimal investment behaviour is to anticipate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Energy-economy Modeling; Climate Policy; Developing Countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q55; Q43.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52541
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Invention and Transfer of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies on a Global Scale: A Study Drawing on Patent Data 31
Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Glachant, Matthieu; Hascic, Ivan; Johnstone, Nick; Meniere, Yann.
Accelerating the development of less GHG intensive technologies and promoting their global diffusion - in particular in fast-growing emerging economies - is imperative in achieving the transition to a low-carbon economy. Consequently, technology is at the core of current discussions about the post-Kyoto regime. The purpose of this study is to fuel this discussion by providing an in-depth analysis of the geographic distribution of climate mitigation inventions since 1978 and their international diffusion on a global scale. We use the EPO/OECD World Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT) which includes patents from 81 national and international patent offices. Note that the Least Developed Countries patent a negligible number of inventions, meaning that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation Technologies; Patent Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q55.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54361
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Livestock based livelihoods and pathways out of poverty: the case of smallholder farmers in Bangladesh 31
Akter, Shaheen.
This paper evaluates livelihoods of smallholder livestock farmers who were beneficiaries of a poverty alleviation programme involving longer term intervention towards building the strength of stakeholders such as government department, NGOs, village organisations and women beneficiaries. Data are drawn from a survey of 400 women farmers in 2006 and 2008. These farmers have been the members of BRAC, a well known NGO in Bangladesh. Poverty profiles, transition matrices and regression analysis drawn from asset-base framework are used to analyze data. A number of key questions related to poverty transition through livestock based activities, heterogeneity in livelihood choice and its impact on household welfare, extent of poverty reduction using different...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Poverty; Women and livestock; Livelihood Strategies; Asset-base Framework; Bangladesh; Food Security and Poverty; O1; O3; Q13; Q55.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108935
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Taking a New Look at Empirical Models of Adoption: Average Treatment Effect Estimation of Adoption Rates and their Determinants 31
Diagne, Aliou.
This paper shows that the observed sample adoption rate does not consistently estimate the population adoption rate even if the sample is random. It is proved that instead the sample adoption rate is a consistent estimate of the population joint exposure and adoption rate, which does not inform about adoption per se. Likewise, it is shown that a model of adoption with observed adoption outcome as dependent variable and where exposure to the technology is not observed and controlled for cannot yield consistent estimates of the determinants of adoption. Such model can at best provide consistent estimates of the effects of the included explanatory variables on joint exposure and adoption. Even for that to be possible, the model must be explicitly specified as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Technology Adoption; Rice; NERICA; West Africa; Average Treatment Effect; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C8; O3; Q12; Q16; Q55.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25623
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Environmental Performance and Regional Innovation Spillovers 31
Costantini, Valeria; Mazzanti, Massimiliano; Montini, Anna.
The achievement of positive environmental performance at national level could strongly depend on differences in local capabilities of both institutions and the private business sector. Environmental regulation alone is a weak instrument if the institutional and business environment cannot transform regulation strengths into opportunities. In this paper, we use the new environmental accounting matrix for polluting emissions now available for the 20 Italian Regions that covers 24 sectors and combines a shift-share approach with spatial econometric modelling. We provide evidence of the role played by internal innovation, innovation spillovers and regional policies in shaping the geographical distribution of environmental performance achievements.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Environmental Performance; Technological Innovation; Regional Spillovers; Polluting Emissions; Italian Regions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q55; Q56; R15.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94790
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The Future Prospect of PV and CSP Solar Technologies: An Expert Elicitation Survey 31
Bosetti, Valentina; Catenacci, Michela; Fiorese, Giulia; Verdolini, Elena.
In this paper we present and discuss the results of an expert elicitation survey on solar technologies. Sixteen leading European experts from the academic world, the private sector and international institutions took part in this expert elicitation survey on Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies. The survey collected probabilistic information on (1) how Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) investments will impact the future costs of solar technologies and (2) the potential for solar technology deployment both in OECD and non-OECD countries. Understanding the technological progress and the potential of solar PV and CPS technologies is crucial to draft appropriate energy policies. The results presented in this paper...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Expert Elicitation; Research; Development and Demonstration; Solar Technologies; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q42; Q55.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121699
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The Clean Development Mechanism and the International Diffusion of Technologies: An Empirical Study 31
Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Glachant, Matthieu; Meniere, Yann.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is expected to stimulate the North-South transfer of climate-friendly technologies. This paper provides an assessment of the technology transfers that take place through the CDM using a unique data set of 644 registered projects. It provides a detailed description of the transfers (frequency, type, by sector, by host country, etc.). It also includes an econometric analysis of their drivers. We show that transfer likeliness increases with the size of the projects. The transfer probability is 50% higher in projects implemented in a subsidiary of Annex 1 companies while the presence of an official credit buyer has a lower – albeit positive – impact. The analysis also yields interesting results on how technological...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Kyoto Protocol; Clean Development Mechanism; International Technology Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q5; Q55.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6920
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Intrafirm Effects on Water Conservation in Agriculture 31
Moreno, Georgina.
Conservation technology adoption behavior is frequently analyzed at the smallest unit of production to capture important heterogeneity among adopters. Conclusions about firm-level decisions are drawn from these microunit outcomes. However, there may be significant intrafirm interactions that create a dependence among the microunits. This paper tests and quantifies these effects. Using a unique dataset of agricultural water use in California, this paper finds significant differences in water price elasticities of conservation technology adoption between the standard model and models that accounts for the intrafirm interactions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Conservation; Technology adoption; Agriculture; Water resources; Irrigation intrafirm behavior; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q25; Q28; Q55; L23.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19166
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Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Varietal Differences in Pistachio Production in Iran Using a Meta-Frontier Analysis 31
Boshrabadi, Hossain Mehrabi; Villano, Renato A.; Fleming, Euan M..
This paper reports on an analysis of technical efficiency and varietal differences in pistachio production in Iran. A random sample of 475 farmers was selected from the province of Kerman in 2003 and 2004. In this study, farmers are classified into three groups according to the variety of tree they planted. The three main varieties of pistachio trees planted are Kalleh- Ghuchi, Fandoghi and Akbari. The technical efficiency indices are computed using three approaches. First, a standard stochastic production frontier was employed using pooled data. Secondly, stochastic frontier production functions were estimated for each variety (separately). Lastly, the meta-frontier approach was used because production varieties and technologies are expected to differ...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Pistachio; Stochastic meta-frontier; Production function; Technical efficiency; Iranian agriculture; Productivity Analysis; C21; Q12; Q16; Q55; R58.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10425
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Serbia: A new process for waste rubber and plastic recycling 31
Vorkapic, Rade; Ocic, Ozren; Kurcubic, Larisa; Jovanovic, Biljana.
This paper intends to describe a new technological process for waste rubber and plastic recycling up to the commercial components in safe environmental friendly way. Researches and all relevant technical-technological data related to this process are checked at constructed pilot plant. The future construction of these units for waste rubber and plastic recycling will allow interested parties to achieve the environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Process innovation; Waste rubber and plastic recycling; Eco-innovation; Financially profitable.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q53; Q55.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94731
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Linking Reduced Deforestation and a Global Carbon Market: Impacts on Costs, Financial Flows, and Technological Innovation 31
Bosetti, Valentina; Lubowski, Ruben N.; Golub, Alexander; Markandya, Anil.
Discussions over tropical deforestation are currently at the forefront of climate change policy negotiations at national, regional, and international levels. This paper analyzes the effects of linking Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) to a global market for greenhouse gas emission reductions. We supplement a global climate-energy-economy model with alternative cost estimates for reducing deforestation emissions in order to examine a global program for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at 550 ppmv of CO2 equivalent. Introducing REDD reduces global forestry emissions through 2050 by 20-22% in the Brazil-only case and by 64-88% in the global REDD scenarios. At the same time, REDD lowers the total costs of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon market; Climate change; Innovation; Mitigation; Policy costs; Offsets; Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD); Technological change; Tropical deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q42; Q52; Q54; Q55.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52544
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Genetically Engineering Crops for a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Ervin, David E.; Welsh, Rick.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; Q24; Q25; Q55; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94765
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The adoption of innovative cropping systems under price and production risks: a dynamic model of crop rotation choice 31
Ridier, Aude; Chaib, Karim; Roussy, Caroline.
In the paper we investigate the role played by both production and market risks on farmer’s decision to adopt long rotations (over 2 years), considered as innovative cropping systems. We build a multiperiod dynamic farm model (run under GAMS) that arbitrates each year between traditional and innovative rotations. With discrete stochastic programming, the production risk is accounted as an intra-year risk; yearly farming operations are declined according to a decision tree where probabilities are assigned. Subjective yield and cost distributions linked to this decision tree are elicited among a sample of 13 farmers that are experiencing this innovation in South-western France. The price risk is randomly distributed with a given market trend. The crop...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Innovative cropping systems; Dynamic model; Crop rotation decision; Risk; Subjective probabilities; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; D0; Q12; Q55.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122440
Registros recuperados: 62
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