SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Bayer, Patrick; Ross, Stephen L.; Topa, Giorgio.

We use a novel dataset and research design to empirically detect the effect of social interactions among neighbors on labor market outcomes. Specifically, using Census data that characterize residential and employment locations down to the city block, we examine whether individuals residing in the same block are more likely to work together than those in nearby blocks. We find evidence of significant social interactions operating at the block level: residing on the same versus nearby blocks increases the probability of working together by over 33 percent. The results also indicate that this referral effect is stronger when individuals are similar in sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., both have children of similar ages) and when at least one individual...

Poverty Mapping in Rural Syria for Enhanced Targeting

Palavras-chave: Neighborhood effects; Job referrals; Social interactions; Social networks; Labor supply; Labor and Human Capital; J0; J2; J3; J6; R0.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28433

Szonyi, Judit A.; de Pauw, Eddy; La Rovere, Roberto; Aw-Hassan, Aden.

Poverty maps allow assessing the well-being of rural population in a spatial context and identifying poverty hotspots. The maps can be used for regional policy analysis as they help in identifying areas where the rural poor live and where rural poverty is determined by the endowment and quality of natural resources and by population pressure. Natural resource endowment was assessed in the study by calculating an Agricultural Resource Index based on the availability of different major agricultural resources. Income per-capita was calculated by using census data, adjusted by the rural population density. The results show that the better income areas of Syria are located in the irrigated or higher-rainfall areas, but lower-income pockets exist due to the...

A Note on the Equilibrium Properties of Locational Sorting Models

Palavras-chave: Poverty maps; Resource endowment; Agricultural income distribution; GIS; Syria; Food Security and Poverty; C21; C8; D3; I3; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25564

Bayer, Patrick; Timmins, Christopher.

A central feature of many models of location choice whether of firms or households, within or across cities is the role of local interactions or spillovers, whereby the payoffs from choosing a location depend in part on the number or attributes of other individuals or firms that choose the same or nearby locations in equilibrium. The main goal of this paper is to develop the equilibrium properties of a broadly applicable and readily estimable class of sorting models that allow the location decision to depend on both fixed local attributes (including unobserved attributes) and such local interactions. In particular, we prove uniqueness in the case of congestion effects and use a series of simulations to demonstrate that a unique equilibrium is more...

Do Japanese Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Stimulate Agricultural Growth in East Asia? Panel Cointegration Analysis

Palavras-chave: Local spillovers; Social interactions; Economic geography; Natural advantage; Endogenous sorting; Discrete choice models; Agglomeration; Congestion; Random utility; Industrial Organization; H0; R0; R2; R3.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28378

Sattapon, Weerapong.

The agricultural sector is an important sector that most people in East Asia rely on and growth in this sector may help to lift their standard of living. This study assessed what factors contributed to agricultural growth by applying the panel econometric approach. First, the long-run relationship between the agriculture growth and its explanatory variable was investigated by applying the IPS unit root test and Pedroni panel cointegration test. The results indicated that all variables showed an integration of order unity, and showed strong evidence to support the existence of long-run relationship. The results from Fixed Effect (FE) regression indicated that imports, exports and trade liberalization were the important factors that contributed to growth in...

Market Access and Rural Poverty in Tanzania

Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; East Asia; Foreign Direct Investment; Trade; Panel Data; International Relations/Trade; O4; Q17; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25570

Minot, Nicholas.

Economic reforms in Tanzania have resulted in low inflation and solid economic growth, but many observers question whether the standard of living of ordinary Tanzanians has improved. Furthermore, there is a strong suspicion that the benefits have been concentrated among the urban population and among rural households with good market access, leaving remote rural households behind. In this paper, we demonstrate a new approach to measuring poverty trends over time. First, the relationship between poverty and household characteristics is estimated using household budget survey data. Second, this relationship is applied to the same characteristics in Demographic and Health Surveys, four of which have been carried out in Tanzania. The results suggest that the...

Social-Economic Impacts of the Marine Shrimp Culture in Selected Brazilian Cities

Palavras-chave: Poverty; Market access; Tanzania; Economic reforms; Food Security and Poverty; C0; I3; O1; Q13; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25603

Sampaio, Yony; Costa, Ecio de Farias; Albuquerque, Erica; Sampaio, Breno Ramos.

The impact of farmed shrimp on the economy of ten municipalities are analyzed. A model of the municipal economy is developed and input-output tables are used to estimate indirect and induced impacts on job, income and municipal finances. It is concluded that farmed shrimp has a sizable contribution to job increases, in particular formal employment. Indirect and induced impacts are reduced because of spillovers to larger municipalities and other states. Income impacts can be sizable in particular in small counties. In general, the generated income represents a large share of total municipal product. In relation to municipal finance, direct contribution is rather small but indirect, through product increases and mainly transferences from State and Country...

An Equilibrium Model of Sorting in an Urban Housing Market: The Causes and Consequences of Residential Segregation

Palavras-chave: Farmed Shrimp; Job; Income; Municipal Level Impacts; Direct Indirect and Induced Impacts; Tax Impacts; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q22; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25589

Bayer, Patrick; McMillan, Robert; Rueben, Kim.

This paper presents a new equilibrium framework for analyzing economic and policy questions related to the sorting of households within a large metropolitan area. We estimate the model using restricted-access Census data that precisely characterize residential and employment locations for households the San Francisco Bay Area, yielding accurate measures of preferences for a wide variety of housing and neighborhood attributes across different types of household. We use these estimates to explore the causes and consequences of racial segregation in general equilibrium. Our results indicate that, given the preference structure of households in the Bay Area, the elimination of racial differences in income and wealth would significantly increase the residential...

Rural Diversification and Social Capital in Rural Japan

Palavras-chave: Segregation; Sorting; Housing markets; Locational equilibrium; Residential choice; Discrete choice; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; H0; J7; R0; R2.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28503

Sakurai, Seiichi; Yokoyama, Shigeki.

This study investigates the effect of community factors on the development and diversification of rural Japan. Diversification is a matter of concern in rural communities as a means of revitalizing regional socio-economies. To establish new diversified activities, cooperation between rural residents is essential. Social capital (SC) is an important community factor that facilitates collective community action. The area analyzed in this study is the Awa area, where various kinds of agro-related activities have emerged, including rural-urban exchanges and agro-tourism. Traditional customs are also preserved in the area. We conducted both community and household-level surveys to collect data and investigate the general characteristics of the study area....

Rural Broadband Internet Access Supply and Demand

Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; M2; O18; Q13; Q26; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25550

Stenberg, Peter L.; Morehart, Mitchell J..

Internet use has grown rapidly over the last 15 years and so has its integration into the rural economy. Connecting to the Internet via high-speed technology such as DSL lines, cable, satellite, and wireless networks increases bandwidth and makes the Internet much more useful to businesses, households, and governments. Rural households are almost as likely as urban households to use the Internet. Broadband Internet access in rural areas has been less prevalent than in much more densely populated areas of the country. Evidence suggests that the difference may lie in the higher cost or less availability of broadband Internet access in rural areas. The paucity of national geographically-specific data, however, presents a challenge in trying to analyze...

EVALUATING TELEMEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES IN RURAL SETTINGS

Palavras-chave: Broadband Internet access; Rural communities; Farm communities; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; O33; R0.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49361

Capalbo, Susan Marie; Heggem, Christine N..

Changes in health care policies, demographics, and technology have presented new opportunities for the delivery of medical care services and information to rural communities. Telemedicinethe use of electronic information and communications technologies to provide and support health care when distance separates the participantshas significantly impacted the delivery of rural health care services. This paper presents an overview of the telemedicine technologies, government involvement in support of telemedicine, and issues that need to be addressed in designing an economic framework to evaluate the net benefits of telemedicine to rural communities and consumers. Federal and state governments have invested millions of support dollars in the form of...

Rural Gaps in Participation in Early Childhood Education

Palavras-chave: Rural health care; Telemedicine; Averted costs; Economic benefits; Telecommunications technology; R0; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I1.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29167

Residential Segregation in General Equilibrium

Temple, Judy A..

While state government spending on early education has grown in recent years, accessibility of preschool programs for rural children remains a problem. Using census-tract data from a nationally-representative data set on U.S. children, multinomial logit estimation reveals significant differences in early education experiences between rural and nonrural children. Both rural children and children of less-educated mothers are less likely to participate in preschool. This paper concludes by discussing the appropriate role of local, state, or federal governments in funding rural preschool programs. While early educational investments are being touted as effective economic development tools, the nature of the positive externalities associated with preschool...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Early education; Human capital; Preschool; Rural education; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; I2; R0; H4.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53085

Bayer, Patrick; McMillan, Robert; Rueben, Kim.

This paper studies the causes and consequences of racial segregation using a new general equilibrium model that treats neighborhood compositions as endogenous. The model is estimated using unusually detailed restricted Census microdata covering the entire San Francisco Bay Area, and in combination with a rich array of econometric estimates, serves as a powerful tool for carrying out counterfactual simulations that shed light on the causes and consequences of segregation. In terms of causes, and contrasting with prior research, our GE simulations indicate that equalizing income and education across race would be unlikely to result in significant reductions in racial segregation, as minority households would sort into newly formed minority neighborhoods....

EVALUATING TELEMEDICINE IN RURAL SETTINGS: ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS

Palavras-chave: Segregation; General equilibrium; Endogenous sorting; Urban housing market; Locational equilibrium; Counterfactual simulation; Discrete choice; Labor and Human Capital; H0; J7; R0; R2.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28517

Capalbo, Susan Marie; Heggem, Christine N..

Changes in health care policies, demographics, and technology have presented new opportunities for the delivery of medical care services and information to rural communities. Telemedicinethe use of electronic information and communications technologies to provide and support health care when distances separates the participantsis one technology that has impacted the efficiency of delivery of rural health care services. This paper presents an overview of the telemedicine technologies, government involvement in support of telemedicine, evaluation efforts to date for these technologies, and issues that need to be addressed in designing an economic-based framework to evaluate the net benefits of telemedicine technologies to rural communities and consumers....

Do Rural Community Colleges Supply Unique Educational Benefits?

Palavras-chave: Rural health care; Telemedicine; Averted costs; Economic benefits; Telecommunications technology; R0; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Health Economics and Policy; I1.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29240

Mykerezi, Elton; Kostandini, Genti; Mills, Bradford F..

Community colleges likely draw to college individuals who would otherwise not attend due to their low costs and open admission requirements. This is labeled as the democratization effect. They may also divert individuals away from 4-year to terminal 2-year college degrees (the diversion effect). This study estimates democratization and diversion effects separately for nonmetropolitan and metropolitan youth using nationally representative data and models that account for endogenous institution selection. We find the democratization effect to exceed the diversion effect of community colleges for both metro and nonmetro youth. The democratization-diversion ratio is slightly higher for urban youth.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Rural; Colleges; Education; Diversion; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; I21; R0.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53086

Integrating Multifunctionality of Agriculture in Regional Land Use Concepts

Ahrens, Heinz; Kantelhardt, Jochen.

Because of high population density in Europe agriculture cannot define its aims on its own but has to take account of quite a number of demands from different actors. For instance, agriculture is expected to produce food and at the same time to contribute to the protection of cultural landscapes and the maintenance of ecological services. However, land use concepts are often formulated ecology-oriented neglectingsocio-economic objectives and potential production responses of farmers. The present paper is aimed to illustrate how multi-criteria analysis can be used to transform a primarily ecology-oriented land use concept for an ecologically very sensitive region into a more integrative and comprehensive one that makes due allowance for socio-economic...

Impact of Cultural Tourism upon Urban Economies: An Econometric Exercise

Palavras-chave: Multi-criteria analysis; Multifunctionality of agriculture; Regional land-use concepts; Land Economics/Use; Q21; Q51; Q59; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25483

Bellini, Elena; Gasparino, Ugo; del Corpo, Barbara; Malizia, William.

In recent years, interest in tourism has spread rapidly throughout many small and medium European cities, which previously have not necessarily considered themselves as tourist destinations. Tourism is increasingly seen as a potential lever towards high economic growth, measured both in terms of income and employment. In the present Working Paper we report the analysis on the economic impact undertaken in the framework of the PICTURE Project, showing the results of a novel econometric exercise to statistically assess the impacts of cultural tourism upon European municipalities. More precisely the analysis aims at estimating the effects of tourism specialisation on local income and prices. The Working Paper is built as follows. Section 1 presents and...

What Drives Racial Segregation? New Evidence Using Census Microdata

Palavras-chave: Cultural Tourism; Economic Growth; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O4; R0; L83.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8220

Bayer, Patrick; McMillan, Robert; Rueben, Kim.

This paper sheds new light on the forces that drive residential segregation on the basis of race, assessing the extent to which across-race differences in other household characteristics can explain a significant portion of observed racial segregation. The central contribution of the analysis is to provide a transparent new measurement framework for understanding segregation patterns. This framework allows researchers to characterize patterns of segregation, to decompose them in meaningful ways, and to carry out partial equilibrium counterfactuals that illuminate the contributions of a variety of non-race characteristics in driving segregation. We illustrate our approach using restricted micro-Census data from the San Francisco Bay Area that provide a rich...

Impediments to Employment and Enterprise Diversification: Evidence from Small-Scale Farms in Poland

Palavras-chave: Residential segregation; Racial segregation; Sorting; Housing markets; Labor and Human Capital; H0; J7; R0; R2.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28435

Chaplin, Hannah; Davidova, Sophia; Gorton, Matthew.

In an environment of low returns to agricultural activities and slow structural change, both employment and enterprise diversification have been presented as possible strategies for raising the incomes of farm households. This paper focuses on the barriers to taking up off-farm employment and establishing new non-agricultural enterprises. Factor and cluster analysis are applied to a data-set of individual farms in Poland in order to identify groups of households facing similar constraints and profile policy measures that are most likely to assist diversification. The majority of non-diversifiers are unlikely to become pluriactive in the near future due to a combination of age, a desire to concentrate on farming and remoteness. Farm households that are...

Employment Growth and Income Inequality: Accounting for Spatial and Sectoral Differences

Palavras-chave: Poland; Diversification; Off-farm employment; Non-agricultural enterprises; Cluster analysis; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; R0; Q12.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24760

Pede, Valerien O.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Partridge, Mark D..

This paper revisits the inequality-growth relationship accounting for sectoral differences and focusing on US counties. For 8 two-digit industries of the NAICS classification, we estimated a conditional growth model where employment growth depends on regional income inequality and a number of control variables. Spatial econometrics techniques are used to account for spatial dependence. Results indicate that there is no association between employment growth and family income inequality for the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting sector and the Real Estate, Rental and Leasing sector. However, income inequality consistently shows a negative impact on employment growth in the construction sector, and results are mixed for other sectors such as:...

Water Markets and Third Party Effects

Palavras-chave: Employment growth; Inequality; Spatial dependence; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R0; R11; O15; D30.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49460

Bourgeon, Jean-Marc; Easter, K. William; Smith, Rodney B.W..

We examine the potential effects of water trading on aggregate welfare and income distribution across the agricultural and service sector of a small rural economy. We show that per capita welfare (real income) of agents in the region increase with increased water trading. Not surprisingly, if enough agents leaves the region (income flight), nominal income can fall. If the share of household income spent on services is large (small) relative to the cost share of services in agricultural production, then the service price increases (decreases) with increased water trading. Typically when the service price falls (increases) farmers win (lose), service providers lose (win) and agricultural service providers almost always lose. Thus, a natural conflict emerges...