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| Registros recuperados: 25 | |
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| Moreira,J.N.; Gaspar,R.. |
| The aim of the present study was to characterize the interactions of antagonist G (H-Arg-D-Trp-NmePhe-D-Trp-Leu-Met-NH 2)-targeted sterically stabilized liposomes with the human variant small cell lung cancer (SCLC) H82 cell line and to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of encapsulated doxorubicin against this cell line. Variant SCLC tumors are known to be more resistant to chemotherapy than classic SCLC tumors. The cellular association of antagonist G-targeted (radiolabeled) liposomes was 20-30-fold higher than that of non-targeted liposomes. Our data suggest that a maximum of 12,000 antagonist G-targeted liposomes were internalized/cell during 1-h incubation at 37ºC. Confocal microscopy experiments using pyranine-containing liposomes further... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Pegylated liposomes; Doxorubicin; Targeting; Antagonist G; Lung cancer. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000800008 |
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| Wade, Timothy G; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; wade.timothy@epa.gov; Riitters, Kurt; U.S. Forest Service; kriitters@fs.fed.us; Wickham, James D; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; wickham.james@epa.gov; Jones, K. Bruce; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; jones.bruce@epa.gov. |
| Because human land uses tend to expand over time, forests that share a high proportion of their borders with anthropogenic uses are at higher risk of further degradation than forests that share a high proportion of their borders with non-forest, natural land cover (e.g., wetland). Using 1-km advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite-based land cover, we present a method to separate forest fragmentation into natural and anthropogenic components, and report results for all inhabited continents summarized by World Wildlife Fund biomes. Globally, over half of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forest biome and nearly one quarter of the tropical rainforest biome have been fragmented or removed by humans, as opposed to only 4% of the boreal... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Forest fragmentation; Forest pattern; Global; Risk assessment; Targeting. |
| Ano: 2003 |
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| Zhang, Linxiu; Wang, H. Holly; Rozelle, Scott; Yan, Yuanyuan. |
| Although health is an important factor in economic development, millions of China's rural residents have no medical coverage. Nearly 10 percent of those that were sick in rural China consciously did not seek medical care, mostly because of financial constraints. More than 25% of rural residents are dissatisfied with their village's health system. In response to this deteriorating situation, a new cooperative medical system (NCMS) was initialized in rural China in 2003 by the government. However, after two years of trials, there has been no household-based, economic analysis of the program. This paper provides one of the first. Although where introduced, most rural residents voluntarily participate, there are many problems with the program. First, at least... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rural Health; Insurance; Targeting; Design Problems; China; Health Economics and Policy; I11; O15; O53. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25586 |
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| Johannsen, Julia; Zeller, Manfred. |
| The measurement of per capita daily expenditures which are compared with a monetary poverty line is the most widely used approach regarding poverty assessment. It is, however, based on the implementation of time and cost-intensive household surveys and, therefore, not an operational method for targeting poor households with development services. The paper shows how to identify an alternative poverty assessment tool for Peru. It consists of a maximum of 15 powerful predictors of per-capita household expenditures selected out of a wide range of indicators from different poverty dimensions such as education, assets and housing characteristics. By applying the maximizing-R-squared regression technique to identify the best 5 to 15 predictors, we avoid an... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Poverty indicators; Targeting; Expenditure predictions; Percent point function; Peru; Food Security and Poverty; I3; C8. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25492 |
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| Kling, Catherine L.; Kurkalova, Lyubov A.; Zhao, Jinhua. |
| In this study, we estimate empirically the multiple benefits of a subsidy policy that would offer payments to farmers in return for the adoption of conservation tillage and compare the outcomes of alternative targeting designs for such a policy. Using data for roughly 12,000 National Resource Inventory (NRI) points, we simulate for the state of Iowa the least-cost policy schemes for offering payment incentives. We use an economic model of conservation tillage adoption to evaluate the costs of adoption, and we use a model that simulates physical processes (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate, or EPIC) to estimate the environmental benefits of adoption at each of the NRI points. We assess the costs and environmental consequences of two targeting... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Conservation tillage; Multiple benefits; Subsidy policy; Targeting; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18470 |
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| Houssou, Nazaire; Zeller, Manfred; Alcaraz V., Gabriela; Johannsen, Julia; Schwarze, Stefan. |
| This paper seeks to answer an operational development question: how best to target the poor? In their endeavor, policy makers, program managers, and development practitioners face the daily challenge of targeting policies, projects, and services at the poorer strata of the population. This is also the case for microfinance institutions that seek to estimate the poverty outreach among their clients. This paper addresses these challenges. Using household survey data from Uganda, we estimate four alternative models for improving the identification of the poor in the country. Furthermore, we analyze the model sensitivity to different poverty lines and test their validity using bootstrapped simulation methods. While there is bound to be some errors, no... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Uganda; Poverty assessment; Targeting; Proxy means tests; Validations; Bootstrap; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95780 |
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| Zeller, Manfred; Houssou, Nazaire; Alcaraz V., Gabriela; Schwarze, Stefan; Johannsen, Julia. |
| Developing accurate, yet operational poverty assessment tools to target the poorest households remains a challenge for applied policy research. This paper aims to develop poverty assessment tools for four countries: Bangladesh, Peru, Uganda, and Kazakhstan. The research applies the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to seek the best set of variables that predict the household poverty status using easily measurable socio-economic indicators. Out of sample validations tests are performed to assess the prediction power of a tool. Finally, the PCA results are compared with those obtained from regressions models. In-sample estimation results suggest that the Quantile regression technique is the first best method in all four countries, except Kazakhstan. The PCA... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Poverty assessment; Targeting; Principal component analysis; Bangladesh; Peru; Kazakhstan; Uganda; Food Security and Poverty; H5; Q14; I3. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25396 |
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| Taylor, Richard D.; Koo, Won W.. |
| The lack of a safety net for farm income in the FAIR Act has become evident in recent years because of the necessity of federal legislation each year, 1998-2001, to support farm income. In recent years, U.S. agriculture has experienced a rapid loss of mid-size family farms. The number of small-size farms has increased substantially and the number of large farms has increased slowly. The Farmers Union Farm Bill Proposal is a targeted plan which utilizes varying loan rates based on the USDA's full cost of production for program crops and a Farmer Owned Reserve (FOR). The proposed loan rates decrease as the value of the crop loans increase. The FOR is targeted towards a Limited Renewable Energy Reserve and a Humanitarian Assistance Reserve. The objectives... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Farm Bill; Targeting; Government Agricultural Spending; North Dakota Representative Farms; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23504 |
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| Sakuyama, Takumi. |
| This article evaluates the effectiveness of ex-post targeting of the direct payment program for mountain agriculture in Japan. A regression analysis explaining the entry into the program shows that the farm profitability and the production cost were significant positive and negative factor, respectively, in determining the uptake, while the efforts by local governments were a robust factor in facilitating the enrollment. These findings imply ineffective ex-post targeting and call for the differentiation of the premium, alternative incentives to promote forestation for the un-enrolled fields and additional funds targeted to those prefectures with the low uptake ratio. Lessons drawn from the Japanese experience for effective incentive measures in developing... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness; Direct payment; Environmental services; Mountain farming; Targeting; Transaction costs; Japan; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110128 |
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| Thornton, Philip K.; Jones, Peter G.; Owiyo, Tom; Kruska, Russell L.; Herrero, Mario; Orindi, Victor; Bhadwal, Suruchi; Kristjanson, Patricia; Notenbaert, An; Bekele, Nigat; Omolo, Abisalom. |
| Climate change and increasing climate variability threaten the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), and some of the worst effects on human health and agriculture will be in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in vulnerable regions. The relationships between climate change and the vulnerability of resource-poor croppers and livestock keepers and their resilience to current and future climate variability need to be better understood. This paper describes the generation of information that combines projected climate change in agricultural systems with vulnerability data. The results of the analysis, in terms of vulnerable people particularly at risk for deleterious effects of climate change, are being used for impact assessment, targeting and... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural system; Vulnerability; Targeting; Impact assessment; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56966 |
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| Dwyer, Janet; Pereira, Sandrina; Mikk, Merit; Peepson, Argo; Thomson, Kenneth J.. |
| CAP Pillar 2 policies and Rural Development Programmes (RDPs) reflect a broad range of governance styles and policy priorities, as well as significant devolution to regions and/or provinces within Member States. The processes supporting this new style of policymaking have become increasingly differentiated. The Europe 2020 document identifies significant “new challenges” facing the EU’s rural areas, notably climate change, sustainable water management and renewable energy generation. All of these “new challenges” impinge on EU rural development policies, and imply a need for significant shifts in priorities and actions. This paper draws from recent research carried out within the RuDI project, to analyse the capacity of the current Pillar 2 approach to... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rural development policy; Governance; New challenges; Targeting; Adaptation; Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94913 |
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| Pan, Lei; Christiaensen, Luc J.M.. |
| Through decentralized targeting of input vouchers new agricultural input subsidy programs aim to more effectively reach their objectives and target population. But, lingering fears of elite capture remain. These are borne out in the 2009 input voucher program in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Sixty percent of the voucher beneficiaries were households with village officials. This significantly reduced the targeting performance of the program, especially in unequal and remote communities. When targeting the poor, greater coverage and concentration in higher trust settings mitigated these concerns. Scrutiny remains important when relying on decentralized targeting, as is a clearer sense of purpose of input vouchers. |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Local elite; Decentralization; Targeting; Fertilizer; Voucher program; Tanzania; International Development; Public Economics; H11; H42; O22. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122905 |
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| Registros recuperados: 25 | |
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