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| Registros recuperados: 172 | |
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| Camp, Edward V.; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; edvcamp@ufl.edu; Pine III, William E.; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; billpine@ufl.edu; Havens, Karl; Florida Sea Grant College Program and School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; khavens@ufl.edu; Kane, Andrew S.; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Aquatic Pathobiology Laboratories, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida; Center for Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Florida; kane@ufl.edu; Walters, Carl J.; Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Irani, Tracy; Family, Youth and Community Sciences Department, University of Florida; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida; irani@ufl.edu; Lindsey, Angela B; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida; Family, Youth and Community Sciences Department and Center of Public Issues Education, University of Florida; ablindsey@ufl.edu; Morris, Jr., J. Glenn; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida; College of Medicine, University of Florida; JGMorris@epi.ufl.edu. |
| Diagnosing causal factors of change at the ecosystem level is challenging because multiple drivers often interact at various spatial and temporal scales. We employ an integrated natural and social science approach to assess potential mechanisms leading to the collapse of an estuarine social-ecological system, and recommend future paths to increased system resilience. Our case study is the collapse of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fishery in Apalachicola Bay, Florida, USA, and the associated impacts on local resource dependent communities. The oyster fishery collapse is the most recent in a series of environmental stressors to this region, which have included hurricanes and tropical storms, drought, and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. We found... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Community resilience; Drought; Estuaries; Oyster fishery. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Sommerville, Matthew M.; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; m.sommerville06@imperial.ac.uk; Jones, Julia P. G.; School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Bangor; julia.jones@bangor.ac.uk; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; e.j.milner-gulland@imperial.ac.uk. |
| Over the past decade, “Payments for Environmental Services” (PES) have received a great deal of attention as a natural-resource management approach. We propose a revised definition and framework for PES implementation that focuses on the use of positive incentives as the philosophy behind PES and conditionality as the method for influencing behaviors. We note the importance of additionality of PES interventions to justify their value in a wider context. Finally, we highlight the need to understand the local institutional context in terms of the characteristics of buyers, sellers, and their relationship for implementation to be effective. Our framework acts as a platform to begin examining how the variety of options for structuring PES... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Conditional; Ecosystem services; Environmental management; Incentives; Institutions; Monitoring; Transactions. |
| Ano: 2009 |
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| Micheli, Fiorenza; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, California, USA; micheli@stanford.edu; Niccolini, Federico; Department of Economics, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy; fniccolini@unimc.it. |
| Understanding how biological conservation and socioeconomic development can be harmonized in social-ecological systems is at the core of sustainability science. We present the case of a Mediterranean marine protected area (MPA), the Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo MPA, that exhibits high ecological performance under intense pressure from fishing, tourism, and coastal development. This case study illustrates how socioeconomic development and significant conservation benefits can coexist, even in a challenging context. Based on this case study, we present a framework for what elements and interactions have determined the high ecological performance of this MPA, and highlight the key leverages that have enabled ecosystem recovery. In particular, the most critical... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Conservation performance; Marine protected areas; Mediterranean; Social-ecological systems; Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo MPA; Visionary Organization. |
| Ano: 2013 |
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| Biggs, Reinette; University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; oonsie.biggs@stockholmresilience.su.se; Westley, Frances R.; University of Waterloo, Canada; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; Carpenter, Stephen R.; University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; srcarpen@wisc.edu. |
| Addressing the environmental challenges of the 21st century requires substantial changes to the way modern society views and manages ecosystems. In particular, many authors contend that fundamental transformation of the largely sectoral, expert-centered ecosystem-management institutions of modern, Western societies is needed. There is increasing agreement that more adaptive, integrated, collaborative ecosystem-management approaches, interlinked at multiple scales, would improve society’s ability to sustainably manage complex social–ecological systems. Therefore, understanding processes of transformation, and factors that may enable transformation in ecosystem management, has become an active research area. We explore... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Bridging organization; Co-management; Complex systems; Ecosystem management; Social entrepeneur; Social innovation; Transformation. |
| Ano: 2010 |
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| van Staveren, Martijn F.; Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University; martijn.vanstaveren@wur.nl; van Tatenhove, Jan P. M.; Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University; jan.vantatenhove@wur.nl. |
| Several of the world's largest deltas have recently been conceptualized as social-ecological delta systems. Although such conceptualizations are valuable in emphasizing complex interaction between social actors and ecological processes in deltas, they do not go into specific dynamics that surround technological developments in the hydraulic domain. By drawing from concepts originating in socio-technical systems research, we stress the importance of technology, particularly the domain of hydraulic engineering, in shaping a delta’s future. Based on two geographically distinct cases of flood management infrastructure in the Dutch delta, we demonstrate the influence of existing hydraulic works, in mutual interaction with social responses and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive delta management; Delta trajectory; Flood management; Hydraulic engineering; Path dependency; Social-ecological systems; Technological lock-in. |
| Ano: 2016 |
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| Reidsma, Pytrik; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University; pytrik.reidsma@wur.nl; Ewert, Frank; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University; Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn; frank.ewert@wur.nl. |
| Food production must adapt in the face of climate change. In Europe, projected vulnerability of food production to climate change is particularly high in Mediterranean regions. Increasing agricultural diversity has been suggested as an adaptation strategy, but empirical evidence is lacking. We analyzed the relationship between regional farm diversity (i.e., diversity among farm types) and the effects of climate variability on regional wheat (Triticum spp.) productivity. An extensive data set with information from more than 50 000 farms from 1990 to 2003 was analyzed, along with observed weather data. Our results suggest that the diversity in farm size and intensity, particularly high in Mediterranean regions, reduces vulnerability of regional... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Farm diversity; Regional crop productivity; Vulnerability. |
| Ano: 2008 |
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| The increasing number of deteriorating old dams that need renovation or have lost their function make dam removal a viable management option. There are at least four major reasons for dam removal: safety, law and policy, economy, and ecology. Here we discuss 17 Swedish dams that were recently considered for removal. Because dam removal usually causes controversy, dam removal initiatives may succeed, fail, or result in a compromise such as a bypass channel for migrating fish. We identify and discuss three major obstructions to dam removal: funding, cultural-historical values, and threatened species. To facilitate dam removal, the reasons for, and the effects of, dam removal must be carefully explained, and the public and stakeholders must be kept... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Controversies; Dam removal; Information; Obstructions; Reservoirs; Rivers; Stakeholder involvement; Sweden. |
| Ano: 2009 |
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| Basile, George; Arizona State University; george.basile@asu.edu. |
| Recently, an approach for global sustainability, the planetary-boundary approach (PBA), has been proposed, which combines the concept of tipping points with global-scale sustainability indicators. The PBA could represent a significant step forward in monitoring and managing known and suspected global sustainability criteria. However, as the authors of the PBA describe, the approach faces numerous and fundamental challenges that must be addressed, including successful identification of key global sustainability metrics and their tipping points, as well as the coordination of systemic individual and institutional actions that are required to address the sustainability challenges highlighted. We apply a previously published framework for systematic and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Framework for strategic sustainable development; Planetary boundaries; Planning; Strategy; Sustainability; Tipping points. |
| Ano: 2013 |
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| Morse, Nathaniel B.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire; nat.morse@unh.edu; Pellissier, Paul A.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire; pellissier.paul@gmail.com; Cianciola, Elisabeth N.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; epf28@wildcats.unh.edu; Brereton, Richard L.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; rich.brereton@gmail.com; Sullivan, Marleigh M.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; sullivanm12@gmail.com; Shonka, Nicholas K.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; nkw9@wildcats.unh.edu; Wheeler, Tessa B.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; tbq2@wildcats.unh.edu; McDowell, William H.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; Bill.McDowell@unh.edu. |
| Ecologists have developed terminology to distinguish ecosystems based on the degree of human alteration. To this end, ecosystems can be characterized as “novel ecosystems,” “impacted ecosystems,” or “designed ecosystems,” depending on the role of human management in ecosystem development and effects on ecosystem properties. Properly classifying an ecosystem as novel, impacted, or designed has critical implications for its conservation and management, but a broadly applicable definition for a “novel ecosystem” does not exist. We have provided a formal definition of “novel ecosystem” that facilitates its use in practical applications and have described four... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem management; Novel ecosystem; Resilience; Restoration; Threshold. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Campbell, Lisa M; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; lisa.m.campbell@duke.edu; Gray, Noella J; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; noella.gray@duke.edu; Hazen, Elliott L; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; elliot.hazen@duke.edu; Shackeroff, Janna M; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; janna.shackeroff@duke.edu. |
| In 1995, Daniel Pauly identified a "shifting baselines syndrome" (SBS). Pauly was concerned that scientists measure ecosystem change against their personal recollections of the past and, based on this decidedly short-term view, mismanage fish stocks because they tolerate gradual and incremental elimination of species and set inappropriate recovery goals. As a concept, SBS is simple to grasp and its logic is compelling. Much current work in marine historical ecology is rationalized in part as a means of combating SBS, and the term has also resonated outside of the academy with environmental advocacy groups. Although we recognize both conceptual and operational merit in SBS, we believe that the ultimate impact of SBS on ocean management will be limited by... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Baselines; Human– Environment relations; Interdisciplinary research; Marine historical ecology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
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| King, Elizabeth; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; egking@uga.edu; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; cavender@umn.edu; Polasky, Stephen; Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; polasky@umn.edu. |
| In efforts to increase human well-being while maintaining the natural systems and processes upon which we depend, navigating the trade-offs that can arise between different ecosystem services is a profound challenge. We evaluated a recently developed simple analytic framework for assessing ecosystem service trade-offs, which characterizes such trade-offs in terms of their underlying biophysical constraints as well as divergences in stakeholders’ values for the services in question. Through a workshop and subsequent discussions, we identified four different types of challenging situations under which the framework allows important insights to clarify the nature of stakeholder conflicts, obstacles to promoting more sustainable outcomes, and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Biophysical constraint; Conflict; Ecosystem service; Human values; Participatory tool; Production possibility frontier; Sustainability; Trade-off; Utility. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Registros recuperados: 172 | |
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