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| Starzomski, Brian M; University of British Columbia; starzom@zoology.ubc.ca; Cardinale, Bradley J; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; bjcardinale@facstaff.wisc.edu; Dunne, Jennifer A; Santa Fe Institute; jdunne@santafe.edu; Hillery, Melinda J; Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University; m.hillery@ecu.edu.au; Holt, Carrie A; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; cholt@sfu.ca; Krawchuk, Meg A; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta; megk@ualberta.ca; Lage, Melissa; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University; Melissa_Lage@Brown.edu; McMahon, Sean; Complex Systems Group, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; seanmcm@utk.edu; Melnychuk, Michael C; Fisheries Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia; m.melnychuk@fisheries.ubc.ca. |
| Although ecological research is progressing rapidly, the answers to certain key questions continue to elude us. This paper considers several of the contemporary challenges facing ecology. (1) Terminology is voluminous and often poorly defined, resulting in inefficient communication. (2) The concept of scale affects our inferences about system structure and function, requiring us to continue an almost heuristic investigation of breaks, domains, and integration. New tools that more explicitly incorporate scalar issues will need to be developed for progress to take place in the field of ecology. (3) Increasingly, it is expected that applied questions will be solved in less than a year. This demand for solutions from ecologists often produces short-term and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Cross-discipline research; Foundations of ecology; Information-sharing database; Scale; Statistics; Terminology. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Camp, Edward V.; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; edvcamp@ufl.edu; Pine III, William E.; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; billpine@ufl.edu; Havens, Karl; Florida Sea Grant College Program and School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; khavens@ufl.edu; Kane, Andrew S.; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Aquatic Pathobiology Laboratories, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida; Center for Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Florida; kane@ufl.edu; Walters, Carl J.; Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Irani, Tracy; Family, Youth and Community Sciences Department, University of Florida; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida; irani@ufl.edu; Lindsey, Angela B; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida; Family, Youth and Community Sciences Department and Center of Public Issues Education, University of Florida; ablindsey@ufl.edu; Morris, Jr., J. Glenn; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida; College of Medicine, University of Florida; JGMorris@epi.ufl.edu. |
| Diagnosing causal factors of change at the ecosystem level is challenging because multiple drivers often interact at various spatial and temporal scales. We employ an integrated natural and social science approach to assess potential mechanisms leading to the collapse of an estuarine social-ecological system, and recommend future paths to increased system resilience. Our case study is the collapse of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fishery in Apalachicola Bay, Florida, USA, and the associated impacts on local resource dependent communities. The oyster fishery collapse is the most recent in a series of environmental stressors to this region, which have included hurricanes and tropical storms, drought, and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. We found... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Community resilience; Drought; Estuaries; Oyster fishery. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Peano, Cristiana; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Turin, Italy; cristiana.peano@unito.it; Migliorini, Paola; University of Gastronomic Sciences, Pollenzo, Italy; p.migliorini@unisg.it; Sottile, Francesco; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of Palermo, Italy; francesco.sottile@unipa.it. |
| New and alternative models for agri-food production and consumption have brought up questions regarding the effects they have on local development processes in terms of the economic exploitation of rural areas as well as environmental, cultural, and social factors. The agri-food system proposed by the Slow Food (SF) Presidia Project, which focuses on farm-to-market systems for local, high-quality, sustainable products, can respond to the new and emerging needs of both rural and urban populaces via several approaches in addition to food production itself. However, evaluating these parameters is challenging. The aim of this study was to develop an indicator-based tool to monitor the sustainability in agri-food systems that considers quality as well as... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and food systems; Indicators; Slow Food; Sustainability evaluation. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| McDermott, Constance L.; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford; constance.mcdermott@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Ituarte-Lima, Claudia; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; claudia.ituarte@su.se. |
| This paper examines the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change mechanism Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+), and its associated multitude of global to local safeguards, as they apply to a single ejido on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. It draws on written sources and interviews to analyze the ways in which broad international norms articulated through the REDD+ safeguards, including support for human rights and sustainable livelihoods for local communities, are translated at national, regional, and local levels. Our findings indicate a wide range of perspectives on what constitutes sustainability, from strict conservation to more forest use-oriented strategies, such as community forestry and traditional Mayan shifting... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Community forest; Free prior and informed consent (FPIC); Governance; REDD+; Safeguard. |
| Ano: 2016 |
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| van Putten, Ingrid; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; Ingrid.vanputten@csiro.au; Boschetti, Fabio; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; fabio.Boschetti@csiro.au; Fulton, Elizabeth A.; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; beth.fulton@csiro.au; Smith, Anthony D. M.; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; tony.d.smith@csiro.au; Thebaud, Olivier; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; olivier.thebaud@csiro.au. |
| We explored the extent to which (1) individual transferable quotas (ITQs) may lead to changes in environmental stewardship and (2) environmental stewardship may in turn contribute to explain the success or otherwise of ITQs in meeting sustainability objectives. ITQs are an example of incentive-based fisheries management in which fishing rights can be privately owned and traded. ITQs are aimed at resolving the problems created by open-access fisheries. ITQs were proposed to promote economic efficiency, and there is growing empirical evidence that ITQs meet a number of economic and social fisheries management objectives. Even though improved stock status arises as a consequence of the total allowable catch levels implemented together with ITQs, the effect is... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis |
Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Environmental ethics; Fisheries management; Fishing rights; Stewardship. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Schunko, Christoph; Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); christoph.schunko@boku.ac.at; Corbera, Esteve; Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Economics and Economic History, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; esteve.corbera@uab.cat. |
| Indigenous and rural communities have developed strategies aimed at supporting their livelihoods and protecting biodiversity. Motivational factors underlying these local conservation strategies, however, are still a largely neglected topic. We aimed to enrich the conceptualization of community-based conservation by exploring trigger events and motivations that induce local people to be engaged in practical institutional arrangements for successful natural resource management and biodiversity conservation. By examining the history and development of three community conservation initiatives in Brazil, Mexico, and Bolivia, we have illustrated and discussed two main ways of understanding community-based conservation from the interaction between extrinsic and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Commons; Governance; Latin America; Protected areas. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Moloney, Gail; Psychology, Southern Cross University; gail.moloney@scu.edu.au; Leviston, Zoe; CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship; Zoe.Leviston@csiro.au; Lynam, Timothy; CSIRO, Social and Economic Sciences Program; tim.lynam@internode.on.net; Price, Jennifer; CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship;; Stone-Jovicich, Samantha; CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship;; Blair, Duncan; CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship;. |
| The mass media has ensured that the challenging and complex phenomenon of climate change now has the household familiarity of a brand name. But what is it that is understood by climate change, and by whom? What frame of reference is drawn upon to communicate meaningfully about climate change? Do particular subgroups within our society hold different understandings, or have the debate and the prolific dissemination of information about this issue coalesced around a core perception or image of what climate change is? To answer these questions, we conceptualized climate change within the theory of social representations as emergent socially constructed knowledge. We analyzed word association data collected in Australia from persons identifying as having a... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Social representations theory; Word associations. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Gillison, Andrew N; Center for Biodiversity Management; andy.gillison@austarnet.com.au; Liswanti, Nining; Center for International Forestry Research; n.liswanti@cgiar.org; Budidarsono, Suseno; ; s.budidarsono@cgiar.org; van Noordwijk, Meine; ; :m.van-noordwijk@cgiar.org; Tomich, Thomas P; Alternatives to Slash and Burn (ASB), World Agroforestry Centre; t.tomich@cgiar.org. |
| The sustainable management of biodiversity and productivity in forested lands requires an understanding of key interactions between socioeconomic and biophysical factors and their response to environmental change. Appropriate baseline data are rarely available. As part of a broader study on biodiversity and profitability, we examined the impact of different cropping methods on biodiversity (plant species richness) along a subjectively determined land-use intensity gradient in southern Sumatra, ranging from primary and secondary forest to coffee-farming systems (simple, complex, with and without shade crops) and smallholder coffee plantings, at increasing levels of intensity. We used 24 (40 x 5 m) plots to record site physical data, including soil nutrients... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity indicators; Coffee-farming systems; Plant functional types; V-index. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Riitters, Kurt; U.S. Forest Service; kriitters@fs.fed.us; Wickham, James D; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; wickham.james@epa.gov; O'Neill, Robert; ; eoneill@attglobal.net; Jones, K. Bruce; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; jones.bruce@epa.gov; Smith, Elizabeth; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; smith.betsy@epa.gov. |
| We report an analysis of forest fragmentation based on 1-km resolution land-cover maps for the globe. Measurements in analysis windows from 81 km 2 (9 x 9 pixels, “small” scale) to 59,049 km 2 (243 x 243 pixels, “large” scale) were used to characterize the fragmentation around each forested pixel. We identified six categories of fragmentation (interior, perforated, edge, transitional, patch, and undetermined) from the amount of forest and its occurrence as adjacent forest pixels. Interior forest exists only at relatively small scales; at larger scales, forests are dominated by edge and patch conditions. At the smallest scale, there were significant differences in fragmentation among continents; within continents,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Biogeography; Edge effect; Forest fragmentation; Geographic information systems; Global patterns; Land-cover map; Landscape ecology; Modeling; Perforated forest; Remote sensing; Satellite imagery; Spatial pattern. |
| Ano: 2000 |
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| Balslev, Henrik; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University; henrik.balslev@biology.au.dk; Borchsenius, Finn; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University; finn.borchsenius@biology.au.dk. |
| We explored the relative importance of ecosystem diversity, socioeconomic, environmental, and geographical factors in determining the pattern and diversity of people’s plant use in Ecuador, based on existing ethnobotanic investigations and a large database of georeferenced plant collections. For each of 40 communities, we determined the number of plants used and their distribution among 12 use categories. Plant species richness of the ecosystem surrounding each village was determined using herbarium data and rarefaction. Variation in socioeconomic, environmental, and geographical indicator variables at the community level was summarized using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Data were then analyzed using multiple regression and ordination... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem diversity; Human– Plant interaction; Plant species richness; Socioeconomic environmental and geographical factors. |
| Ano: 2012 |
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| Registros recuperados: 2.004 | |
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