SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Termite hills are described as the structure built by termite using soil in the surrounding or within the earth. The mound has extremely hard walls constructed from bits of soil cemented with saliva and baked by the sun. This research is to determine the compressive strength of termite hill soil stabilized with rice husk. The study investigated the compressive strength of 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm cubes made from termite hill soil and rice husk in the different mix ratio of 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 100:0 and was cured for 28 d with crushing the cubes at 7 d interval. The weight, bulk density and dry density of the cubes at different THS/RH mix ratio ages were determined. Test results showed that the compressive strength of the cubes increases with age...

OPTIMUM PROCESSING PARAMETERS FOR COCONUT OIL EXPRESSION

Palavras-chave: Termite hill soil; Clay; Rice husk; Compressive strength; Cubes; Structure; Farm; Nigeria.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3398

Coconut oil yield was found to be dependent on the following processing parameters: post heating moisture content, applied pressure, pressure duration, heating time and temperature to which the samples were subjected using hydraulic uniaxial compression. The highest coconut oil yield obtained was 51.9% at optimum condition. This yield corresponds to an expression efficiency of 81.2% of the total coconut oil content which represented 63.9% by weight of the copra (dried coconut flesh). The highest oil yield was obtained at an expression pressure of 25MPa when samples were conditioned to an initial moisture content of 11.3% w. b. and heated at 120ºC for 15min to obtain a post heating moisture of 7.13% w. b. Increases in oil yield were recorded for...

Predictive equations and response surface analysis for sorghum grain extrudate

Palavras-chave: Coconut oil; Processing parameters; Oil yield; Expression efficiency; Optimum.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2977

The extrusion and extrudate properties measured include expansion indices (or puff indices), bulk density, residence time, solid density, moisture content, maximum stress, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), extruder output, crispness and color. The ranges of the three variables considered were 100 - 160°C for barrel temperature, 100 - 200rpm for screw speed, and 15 - 25% for feed moisture content (w.b.). The density of extrudate measured varied between 176kg/m3 and 1100kg/m3 for the extrusion variables considered. The moisture content of the dry extrudate is between 6% and 7.5% with the mean value of 6.75%. Using the experimental results, predictive equations were developed to relate the influence of processing parameters on the...

Two Dimensional Flow Simulation in Twin Screw Food Extruder Die

Palavras-chave: Processing parameters; Food extrusion; Extrudate; Quality; Sorghum grain.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3057

Food extrusion process involves heat and flow distribution. An accurate knowledge of flow pattern in food extruder die is essential for optimum extrusion operation. Limited works are available on simulation and modeling of heat and flow in food extruder. No reported work is available for flow modeling in twin screw food extruder die. In this study, two-dimensional flow simulation in food extruder die for intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder were performed by solving Navier-Stokes equation and continuity equation for non-Newtonian fluid using finite element computer package, ANSYS/FLOTRAN. The objective of the study is to determine the nature of flow, heat and pressure distribution in the die and to determine the effect of screw speed on process...

Evaluation of nutritional characteristics of corn stored in metallic silos

Palavras-chave: Flow distribution; Extruder die; Finite element; 2-dimensional flow.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3058

Adekola, Kehinde Adedeji; Okolo, Callistus A.; A. Adekola, Kehinde.

This study assessed the nutritional quality attributes of maize (Zea mays) stored in metallic silos for a period of eight months in the humid tropics of Nigeria. The nutritional properties (NP) evaluated are percentage ash content (AC), crude fibre (CF), crude protein (CP), carbohydrate content (CHO), fat content (FC), and energy value (EV). The initial or control values were compared with the values obtained during storage. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 20) was used to determine the significant levels of data while the Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Duncan’s multivariate test were used to determine the trend of deterioration (P<0.05) for all the values. The minimum and maximum average temperatures during storage were 29oC in...

Influence of Food Extruder Die Dimensions on Extruded Products Expansion

Palavras-chave: Silo; Corn bulk; Storage; Nutritional value.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3522

This paper studied the effects of food extruder die dimensions on the extrudate expansion indices using twin-screw extruder. The extruder has 59.6 mm screw diameter and screw L/D ratio of 20. The die dimensions considered are die length, die diameter and die temperature. The feed material used is yellow corn flour. Dies with diameter ranging from 2.5 – 5.0 were used to determine the effect of die nozzle diameter on extrudate expansion. Results obtained showed that radial expansion of the extrudate decreased with increasing die diameter. An average reduction of about 42% in radial expansion was recorded for a difference of 2 mm in die diameter. The overall expansion of the extrudate was not affected by changes in die diameter for all the diameters and...