SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Vandemartele, Thijs; Hirschauer, Norbert; Gaetano, Martino; Nijhoff-Savvaki, Rannia; Trienekens, Jacques H.; Omta, S.W.F. (Onno); Bachev, Hrabrin Ianouchev; Bezat-Jarzębowska, Agnieszka; Jarzebowski, Sebastian; Paus, Marguerite; Singh, Dheeraj; Prahalad, V.C.; Wangshu, Lobsang; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Ferto, Imre; Havas, Attila; Ehlers, Melf-Hinrich; Bojnec, Stefan; Ferto, Imre; Levkovych, Inna; Toth, Aniko; Forgacs, Csaba.

The rise of a western-style middle class in many successful emerging economies like China currently is inducing deep structural changes on agricultural world markets and within the global agri-food business. As a result of both higher incomes and concerns over product safety and quality the global demand for high-quality and safe food products is increasing significantly. In order to meet the new required quality, globally minimum quality standards are rising and private standards emerging. All over the world these developments cause adjustments at the enterprise, chain and market levels. At the same time, the tremendously increasing demand for renewable energy has led to the emergence of a highly promising market for biomass production. This has...

Tipo: Book

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Marketing; Political Economy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92317

SPATIAL INTEGRATION ON THE HUNGARIAN MILK MARKET

The geographical separation of markets is of a special importance in agriculture, as often, agricultural products are bulky and/or perishable, and the place of consumption may be different from that of production, implying possibly expensive transport costs (SEXTON ET AL., 1991). The imperfectly integrated markets may send wrong price information signals to producers and other actors of the marketing chain, resulting incorrect production and marketing decisions. The aim of the article is to map the horizontal integration on the milk market in the Hungarian milk market using up-to-date Vector Error Correction (VECM) and Threshold Error Correction (TEVCM) methods.

Price transmission in the Hungarian vegetable sector

Palavras-chave: Horizontal integration; Transition economy; Threshold cointegration; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7832

Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Ferto, Imre; Szabo, Gabor G..

In this paper we analyse price transmission for the carrot, parsley, tomato, green pepper and potato markets. Although there is a dual farm structure dominated by small individual farms, our results imply that price information flows from the producer to the retail level for potatoes, parsley and carrots. Our results also suggest that farmers do not merely accept prices, but can actually influence market prices. Tomato and green pepper prices have large transmission elasticities, and causality runs from the retail to producer level. It therefore follows that tomato and green pepper producers tend to accept prices and that the sector’s prices are determined by upper market levels (processors, wholesalers, retailers). These results are reinforced by the fact...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Hungarian vegetable sector; Producer prices; Price transmission; Demand and Price Analysis; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47013

Price transmission on the Hungarian milk market

There has been little systematic analysis of the extent to which organic farming policies have influenced growth in the organic sector. Analyses of organic farming policy instruments, for the most part, provide extensive and detailed reviews of instruments applied either in a single country or across countries. Hence, there is a great need to examine systematically whether there is a relationship between the introduction of organic farming policies and the growth of the organic food sector, and whether particular designs of organic farming policies are more effective than others. In this paper, we take the first step in the endeavour of analysing the effects of organic farming by undertaking an econometric analysis of the relationship between organic...

How Effective is the Invisible Hand? Agricultural and Food Markets in Central and Eastern Europe

Palavras-chave: Price transmission; Gregory-Hansen cointegration; Hungarian milk market; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44175

Milk Market Integration between Hungary and Poland

Hockmann, Heinrich; Brosig, Stephan; Popp, Jozsef; Wilkin, Jerzy; Juchniewicz, Małgorzta; Milczarek, Dominika; Ferto, Imre; Forgacs, Csaba; Juhasz, Aniko; Kurthy, Gyongyi; Hein, Piret; Hobbs, Jill E.; Nuppenau, Ernst-August; Brümmer, Bernhard; Zorya, Sergiy; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Bojnec, Stefan; Svetlov, Nikolai M.; Hurrelmann, Annette; Maack, Kai; Hanf, Jon Henrich; Glauben, Thomas; Herzfeld, Thomas; Wang, Xiaobing; Balint, Borbala; Lerman, Zvi; Shagaida, Natalya; Benner, Eckhard; Wandel, Jurgen; Nivievskyi, Oleg; Kuhn, Arnim.

Since the seminal work of Adam Smith, markets have been considered an efficient tool for co-ordinating the behaviour of economic agents. The basic characteristic of a market economy is that the complex system of interaction among individuals is not centrally coordinated. Under the assumption of profit and utility maximisation (and a whole set of assumptions about the institutional framework), relative prices and their change over time provide the signals that guide, like an invisible hand, the allocation of resources, i.e., the structure of production and the intensity of input use in the various production processes. They do this by co-ordinating the activities of economic agents, i.e., of resource owners, producers, intermediaries, traders, and...

Tipo: Book

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93018

Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Falkowski, Jan; Ferto, Imre.

In this paper we test the retail milk price integration between two countries, Poland and Hungary. Conventional linear cointegration methods do not reveal any relationship between the two prices, therefore we apply Gonzalo and Pitakaris (2006) method to test the linear cointegration null against the threshold cointegration with an exogenous threshold variable alternative hypothesis. Our results show, that the Hungarian Forint – Polish Zloty exchange rate is econometrically an appropriate threshold variable, the linearity null is rejected, and the two alternative regimes may be characterised with different long-run equilibrium relationships. Corresponding trade data however questions the economic appropriateness of the selected threshold variable. Further...

Farm growth in Hungary, Slovenia and France

Palavras-chave: Horizontal integration; Milk market; Threshold cointegration; Food Security and Poverty.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91809

Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Bojnec, Stefan; Ferto, Imre; Latruffe, Laure.

The article investigates the validity of Gibrat’s Law for French, Hungarian and Slovenian farms with FADN data and Heckman selection models, quantiles regressions and panel unit root tests. The contribution to the literature is threefold. First, we compare farm growth in countries with rather different farm structures. Second, we apply two different testing techniques. Finally, we focus on specialised crop and dairy farms rather than all farms, avoiding biases due to heterogeneous structures across the agricultural sector. Results reject the Gibrat’s Law for crop farms in France (except for one sub-period) and Hungary but confirm it for French and Slovenian dairy farms.

Supply response on the Hungarian pork meat sector

Palavras-chave: Farm growth; Gibrat's Law; Panel unit root; Quintile regression; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60911

Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Markus, Richard.

Despite of the increasing production and consumption of white meats, pig breeding is still one of the most important animal husbandry sectors Worldwide and in the European Union as well. In Hungary over the past decades, the pig sector has undergone significant changes. The livestock has sharply decreased from more than 8.5 million in 1989 to 3.3 million in present. After the post 1989 increase of herd size bred in family farms, their share diminished, at present two-thirds of output is produced by corporate farms. It appears that small scale farming has major difficulties, they must consider all cost reducing alternatives to improve their competitiveness. With pressure on purchase prices from the downstream market levels, and considering that fodder...

Monetary Impacts and Overshooting of Agricultural Prices in a Transition Economy: The Case of Slovenia

Palavras-chave: Error correction model; Supply response; Pork sector; Hungary; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90808

Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Bojnec, Stefan; Ferto, Imre.

The paper focus on the time adjustment paths of the exchange rate and agricultural producer and industrial prices in response to unanticipated monetary shocks following model developed by Saghaian et al. (2002). We employ Johansen's cointegration test along with a vector error correction model to investigate whether agricultural producer prices overshoot in a transition economy. Results indicate that agricultural prices adjust faster than industrial prices to innovations in the money supply, affecting relative prices in the short run, but strict long-run money neutrality does not hold. The impulse response analysis shows that an exogenous shock to the money supply has a significant and volatile effect on the three price variables. Initially, both the...

Marketing and pricing dynamics in the presence of structural breaks - the Hungarian pork market

Palavras-chave: Agricultural prices; Exchange rates; Monetary shocks; Overshooting; Transition economy; Financial Economics; C32; E51; P22; Q11.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25515

The study of marketing margins and price transmission on various commodity markets has been a popular research topic of the past decades (see MEYER, VON CRAMONTAUBADEL, 2004, for a recent survey), however with a few exceptions these studies focused on developed economies. In this paper we examine the above phenomena on the: Hungarian pork market. The Johansen (maximum likelihood) or Engle and Granger (two step) cointegration tests do not reject the no-cointegration null hypothesis between the Hungarian pork producer and retail price series. Therefore we apply the Gregory and Hansen procedure with recursively estimated breakpoints and ADF statistics, and found that the prices are cointegrated with a structural break occurring in April 1996. Exogeneity tests...

The Choice of Marketing Cooperative in a Transition Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Price transmission; Marketing margin; Pricing; Structural breaks; Hungarian pork market; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10031

Ferto, Imre; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Szabo, Gabor G..

The agriculture in transition countries can be described by considerable uncertainties. In these countries public institutions are ineffective in ensuring contract enforcement. The absence of enforceable contract to set up any kind of vertical co-ordination has become difficult. In addition, this creates severe barriers for price discovery involving high transaction costs to co-ordinate market exchanges. Although there is a wealth of literature on marketing cooperative, but research on their role in transition agriculture is scarce. This paper tries to contribute to this gap. In this paper we have analysed the potential benefits and costs of the marketing cooperatives in Hungary employing transaction cost economics framework. The results presented add to a...

The patterns of retail price variation. The case of milk products

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9419

Ferto, Imre; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan.

We examine retail price variation across a range of milk products in Hungary. Our results show that majority of products have regular prices and the most deviations from that regular price are upward. We find significant differences across products in terms of price distributions. Sales are infrequent for majority of products and its role is limited in annual price variation. Results do not confirm that durable goods should have qualitatively different pricing pattern than less-durable goods. Although existing models of retail sales yield predictions consistent with some aspects of the retail pricing distributions, all of these models fail to explain other important aspects of retail pricing identified here.

Investment and Financial Constraints in European Agriculture: Evidence from France, Hungary and Slovenia

Palavras-chave: Retail prices; Sales; Milk products; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Marketing; L 13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51670

Ferto, Imre; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Bojnec, Stefan; Latruffe, Laure.

The article investigates the investment and financial constraints for French, Hungarian and Slovenian farms using FADN panel data with different econometric estimation approaches. Farm gross investment is positively associated with real sales growth and cash flow implying the absence of soft budget constraint. Gross farm investment is positively associated with investment subsidies. Specific results by country are found depending on farm indebtedness. Investment subsidies can mitigate some capital market imperfections in short-term, while on long-term what is crucial is farm sale ability to successfully compete in the output market gaining sufficient cash flow for farm competitive survival and investment.

Technical efficiency and environmental pressures of pig farms in Hungary

Palavras-chave: Farm investment; Soft budget constraint; Investment subsidy; Panel data analysis; Agricultural Finance; D81; D92; O12; Q12; C23.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114357

Latruffe, Laure; Desjeux, Yann; Fogarasi, Jozsef; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Ferto, Imre.

Pig farming is one of the strongest polluters of water resources due to its intensive production techniques and slurry rejection. Several European countries have already introduced environmental regulations aiming at reducing the pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, but not yet Hungary. This paper investigates how Hungarian pig farms would be affected if such regulations are to be enforced. We calculate farm technical efficiency separately for two types of pig production systems – namely farrowing only and farrow-to-finish farms (FAFI farms) and finishing only farms (FI farms) – using 2001 data on pig activity and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We then investigate whether environmental regulations would affect the farms’ technical...

Monetary Impacts and Overshooting of Agricultural Prices in a Transition Economy: The Case of Slovenia

Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; DEA; Pig farms; Nitrate pollution; Hungary; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109385

Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Bojnec, Stefan; Ferto, Imre.

The paper focus on the time adjustment paths of the exchange rate and agricultural producer and industrial prices in response to unanticipated monetary shocks following model developed by Saghaian et al. (2002). Results indicate that agricultural prices adjust faster than industrial prices to innovations in the money supply, affecting relative prices in the short run, but strict long-run money neutrality does not hold. The impulse response analysis shows that an exogenous shock to the money supply has a significant and volatile effect on the three price variables. The extent of overshooting in agricultural prices is twice as large as for exchange rates or industrial prices. This indicates that in the case of monetary shocks the sectors associated with...

Survival and Growth of Family Farms in a Transition Country – The Hungarian Case

Palavras-chave: Agricultural prices; Exchange rates; Monetary shocks; Overshooting; Transition economy; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9422

The paper investigates the validity of Gibrat’s Law in Hungarian agriculture. We use FADN data between 2001 and 2007 and employ quantile regression techniques to test the validity of Gibrat’s Law across quantiles. The Law is strongly rejected for all quantiles, providing strong evidence that smaller farms tend to grow faster than larger ones. We provide a number of socio-economic factors that can explain farm growth. Of these we found that total subsidies received by farm and far operator’s age are the most significant factors.

Comparative Analysis of Technical Efficiency in European Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Gibrat’s Law; Family farm; Quantile regression; Transition agriculture; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; P32; Q12; Q19.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52846

Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Ferto, Imre; Latruffe, Laure; Desjeux, Yann; Soboh, Rafat; Dolman, Mark.

Technical efficiency has long been analysed as a measure of farm performance, however most studies are restricted to a single country case. This paper presents a comparative analysis of field crop and dairy farm performance across eight EU countries, including two New Member States (NMS), focusing on long run stability and mobility patterns. The main research question is how relative performance of farms fluctuates over time, i.e. whether poorly performing farms remain always inefficient whilst some farms are always very efficient. Results show that on average 60% of farms maintain their efficiency ranking in two consecutive years, whilst 20% improve and 20% worsen their positions, for all countries. Due to the unstable economic conditions, farms in NMS...

The Influence of Macroeconomic Variables on the Hungarian Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Farm technical efficiency; SFA; FADN; Stability analysis; Farm Management; P52; Q12.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114235

This paper focus on the time adjustment paths of the exchange rate and prices in response to unanticipated monetary shocks following model developed by Saghaian et al. (2002). We employ Johansen's cointegration test along with a vector error correction model to investigate whether agricultural prices overshoot in a transition economy. The empirical results indicate that agricultural prices adjust faster than industrial prices to innovations in the money supply, affecting relative prices in the short run, but strict long-run money neutrality does not hold.

Monetary Impacts and Overshooting of Agricultural Prices in a Transition Economy: The Case of Hungary

Palavras-chave: Agricultural prices; Exchange rates; Monetary shocks; Overshooting; Transition economy; Demand and Price Analysis; C32; E51; P22; Q11.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19232

This article examines the impacts of monetary policy on agricultural prices in the Hungarian economy using time series analysis. The empirical results indicate that agricultural prices adjust faster to monetary shocks than industrial prices do, affecting relative agricultural prices in the short run, but strict long-run money neutrality does not hold. We also find that the exchange rate as a flexible sector variable, adjusts faster to temporary shocks than the sticky, industrial prices. This implies that in a case of monetary shocks the agricultural sector associated with flexible changes bears the burden of adjustment vis-à-vis the sectors with sticky changes. These macroeconomic effects are reflected in real agricultural price volatility and the...

Milk Retail Sales Patterns in a Transition Economy. The Case of Hungary

Palavras-chave: Overshooting of agricultural prices; Money neutrality; Cointegration; Transition economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Production Economics.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51798

Modern theories of sales make conflicting predictions about the temporal pattern of sales, which we test using retail chain level data. In this paper, we focus on the retail sale patterns of two retail milk prices in a New Member State (NMS), Hungary using weekly data across eight retail chain between 2005 January and 2008 June. We employ a battery of empirical tests, to try a number of sale theory hypotheses. First, we present summary statistics, histograms, and correlations of prices and sales from which we conclude that no theory of sales fully describes sale patterns and price distributions. Second, we apply vector autoregressive analysis and Granger tests of temporal ordering (”causality tests”) to determine whether the sale of one retail chain is...