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| Registros recuperados: 29 | |
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| Carter, Michael R.; Barham, Bradford L.; Mesbah, Dina; Stanley, Denise. |
| Concentrating on fundamental sector-level impacts that shape the nature of agro-export growth, this paper indicates how intrahousehold impacts fit into the analysis. Section 1 is introductory. Section 2 puts forward the conceptual framework needed to understand sectoral impacts of agro-export growth on the rural resource poor, impacts that can be divided into a small-farm adoption effect, a land-access effect, and a labor-absorption effect, all of which are interlinked. Section 3 explores the economic forces that shape the magnitude of the direct (adoption and land access) and indirect (labor absorption) effects of agro-export growth. Its chief message is that the agronomic and economic characteristics of agro-export crops interact with the intrinsic... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12754 |
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| Barham, Bradford L.; Chavas, Jean-Paul. |
| The implications of sunk costs for many key questions in agricultural economics have yet to be explored. This paper uses a dynamic model of investment behavior to explore how sunk costs can shape market outcomes in ways that might not match predictions of standard competitive models. Applying the model to several key issues in agricultural markets and international trade offers new perspectives that challenge conventional wisdoms. Institutional and policy innovations are also examined for their potential to improve welfare outcomes when sunk costs impede factor mobility. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12686 |
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| Kim, Kwansoo; Barham, Bradford L.; Chavas, Jean-Paul; Foltz, Jeremy D.. |
| This work investigates the presence and sources of economies of scope in R&D at U.S. research universities. The analysis evaluates the tradeoffs and synergies arising between traditional university research outputs (articles and doctorates) and academic patents. We propose a new measure of economies of scope based on a primal representation of the underlying technology. We derive a decomposition of economies of scope which identifies its sources (e.g., complementarity effects and scale effects). Non-parametric estimates of scope economies using R&D input and output data from 92 research universities show significant economies of scope between articles and patents, but modest complementarities. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12674 |
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| Foltz, Jeremy D.; Barham, Bradford L.. |
| A key piece in understanding the link between the extension and research missions of Land Grant universities is to understand the role of faculty with (and without) extension appointments within agricultural colleges. This article provides a comparative empirical portrayal of the primary activities of agricultural college faculty, and demonstrates the basic vitality of extension professors within the Land Grant system. Professors with smaller extension appointments are heavily engaged in the major research efforts of their universities at even greater levels of production than professors without extension responsibilities. Professors with heavy levels of extension appointments experience increasing tradeoffs between core extension activities and research... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92205 |
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| Barham, Bradford L.; Foltz, Jeremy D.; Kim, Kwansoo. |
| This work exploits information on U.S. patents to identify trends in university ag-biotech patenting and citation performance. It sets forth some key issues concerning patterns of university ag-biotech patenting and then provides an empirical analysis on the evolving trends. Land Grant Universities account for most U.S. ag-biotech patents. The data show a path dependent innovation pattern, in which there also seems to be a culture of patenting that develops at certain universities. Evidence shows that ag-biotech patents are more cited than the average university patent. Inequalities across Land Grant Universities are also evident in the production of ag-biotech patents, although perhaps not to a much greater degree than underlying inequalities in... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20724 |
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| Takasaki, Yoshito; Barham, Bradford L.; Coomes, Oliver T.. |
| This article examines the role of ex post labor supply in smoothing income in response to crop losses caused by large floods among riverine households in the Peruvian Amazon, where rich environmental endowments permit a variety of resource extractive activities and coping responses. The paper finds that households respond to crop losses primarily by intensifying fishing effort not by relying on gathering of non-timber forest products, hunting, or asset liquidation. This ex post labor adjustment helps to smooth total income against small crop losses but less well against large crop losses. Both relatively non-poor households with better fishing capital and poor young households with a physical labor advantage employ this natural insurance in rivers. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; International Development. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92147 |
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| Gitter, Seth R.; Barham, Bradford L.. |
| The Red de Protección Social (RPS) in Nicaragua is one of a growing number of conditional cash transfer programs that pay households cash stipends in exchange for school attendance and regular visits to health clinics. A key feature of these programs is that the cash is given to the woman head of household. The rationale stems from previous research in the developing world that transfers to women are more likely to be spent on health, nutrition, and education of children and thus to reinforce the goals of these programs. One concern is that less powerful women may not be as impacted by program funds, because males in those household will decrease their contributions in response to the transfers. Utilizing randomized experimental data from RPS, we test for... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92145 |
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| Sundaram-Stukel, Reka; Barham, Bradford L.. |
| This paper examines the role of two types of reputation - borrower credit history and productivity - in disequilibrium supply and demand models of loan size dynamics in formal and informal credit markets. Using panel data on Honduran households, full- and partial-information regime switching econometric models yield four principal findings: (1) credit contracts in the formal sector are largely collateral driven and not reputation driven; (2) the informal sector credit contracts are borrower reputation based; (3) the informal sector utilizes positive/negative credit histories in both markets to credibly reward/punish borrowers; and (4) technical efficiency has a positive impact in determining loan size in both sectors on the demand and supply side of the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92196 |
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| Lewis, David J.; Barham, Bradford L.; Zimmerer, Karl S.. |
| Spatial externalities can affect economic welfare and landscape pattern by linking farm returns on adjoining parcels of land. While policy can be informed by research that documents spatial externalities, statistically quantifying the presence of externalities from landscape pattern is insufficient for policy guidance unless the underlying cause of the externality can be identified as positive or negative. This article provides a springboard for empirical research by examining the underlying structure, social-environmental interactions, and statistical identification strategies for the analysis and quantification of agricultural spatial externalities that are derived from observations of landscape change. The potential for original policy treatments of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92151 |
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| Chavas, Jean-Paul; Barham, Bradford L.. |
| This paper investigates the microeconomics of diversification, based on a two-period model of an owner-managed firm facing uncertainty. The analysis utilizes a general state-contingent representation of uncertainty and learning. Economies of diversification are defined based on a certainty equivalent, which has three components: expected profit, the risk premium (measuring the cost of risk aversion), and the value of information associated with learning. The influence of scale effects, “trans-ray concavity” effects, and income effects on economies of diversification are examined in detail. We argue that, while scope economies and risk aversion can provide general incentives for diversification, information and learning can have the opposite effect. By... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92141 |
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| Barham, Bradford L.; Chavas, Jean-Paul; Klemme, Richard M.. |
| This paper proposes a new way to evaluate the role of profitability and risk in the dairy industry, one that incorporates the effects of uncertainty about future returns when investments are irreversible, or sunk. The usefulness of this new approach is demonstrated by the light it sheds on recent attempts by Wisconsin dairy farmers to develop low capital investment strategies and why these initiatives might be crucial to the vitality of the state's industry as a whole. The value of this paper, however, reaches beyond the contribution it offers to comparisons of the viability of alternative investment strategies in dairy, because it is applicable to evaluating profitability and risk in any economic activity, inside or outside of agriculture, where much of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1994 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12631 |
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| Aldana, Ursula; Foltz, Jeremy D.; Barham, Bradford L.; Useche, Pilar. |
| GM corn seed companies have innovated continuously with the introduction of new traits and, more recently, with the creation of stacked varieties, which combine more than one trait. This work develops a Bayesian model of adoption dynamics that demonstrates how uncertainty with a package technology with known risk can lead to a sequential adoption pattern in which farmers adopt a single component first. We then develop a semiparametric panel data model of adoption dynamics to measure the effects of experience with single trait (non-stacked) varieties on the adoption of stacked varieties. The results underscore the importance of early experience with the non-stacked technology in the subsequent adoption of stacked varieties, i.e., a sequential adoption... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61821 |
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| Kim, Kwansoo; Foltz, Jeremy D.; Barham, Bradford L.; Chavas, Jean-Paul. |
| This paper investigates the determinants of efficiency and technological progress at US research universities. It relies on a unique panel data set of multiple outputs and inputs from 92 universities covering the period 1981-1998. Over that time span, US universities experienced large increases in industry funding and in academic patenting activity. In this context, the directional distance function and a nonparametric representation of the underlying production technology are combined to obtain estimates of productivity growth and technical efficiency. A pooled-Tobit estimator is used to examine the determinants of technical efficiency and the rate of technological progress. The results show how changes in funding sources for U.S. research universities... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12677 |
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| Chavas, Jean-Paul; Barham, Bradford L.. |
| We present a dynamic model of economic behavior of an owner-operated firm under bounded rationality, and develop the implications for the assessment of economic efficiency and the understanding of entrepreneurship. Under bounded rationality, information about technology and market conditions is not perfectly known, creating the possibility for learning. Uncertainty is represented using a general state-contingent approach. Efficiency analysis is explored using a certainty equivalent measure, which is the sum of three parts: expected net income, a conditional value of information, and a risk premium (measuring the implicit cost of private risk bearing). The analysis yields critical insights about the role of learning in technical efficiency, allocative... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92142 |
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| Registros recuperados: 29 | |
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