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| Balsevich, Fernando; Berdegue, Julio A.; Reardon, Thomas. |
| Based on a survey of 145 tomato farmers and interviews with supermarket chains, NGOs, wholesalers, and farmer organizations in 2004, this paper examines the determinants and effects of farmers' participation in supermarket channels, with and without assistance from NGOs in "business linkage" programs. It finds that absent that assistance, the farmers that work with supermarket chains tend to be the "upper tier" of small farmers, better capitalized with various assets. The smaller and less-capitalized farmers that work with supermarkets tend to do so in association with NGO assistance. Despite higher input expenditures and entry requirements, farmers in the supermarket chain earn more. The paper discusses the issue of whether this development program... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11479 |
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| Reardon, Thomas; Berdegue, Julio A.; Lundy, Mark; Schutz, Paul; Balsevich, Fernando; Hernandez, Ricardo; Perez, Edwin; Jano, Pilar; Wang, Honglin. |
| This document presents a research method to analyze the access of small and medium farmers to the supermarket market, and the effect of such access on the producers' decisions and net incomes. The method was developed for and used in a study carried out in 2004 in three Central American countries. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11818 |
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| Reardon, Thomas; Timmer, C. Peter; Berdegue, Julio A.. |
| There has been extremely rapid transformation of the food retail sector in developing regions in the past 5 to 10 years, accompanied by a further consolidation and multi-nationalization of the supermarket sector itself. This organizational change, accompanied by intense competition, has driven changes in the organization of procurement systems of supermarket chains, toward centralized and regionalized systems, use of specialized/dedicated wholesalers and preferred supplier systems, and demanding, private quality standards. These changes in the system have in turn determined the very recent rise of the use of contracts between supermarkets and agrifood producers in these regions to cover provision of services and provision for risk management, as well as... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Supermarket chains; Procurement systems; Quality standards; Agrifood producers; Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12005 |
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| Reardon, Thomas; Berdegue, Julio A.; Timmer, C. Peter. |
| There has been extremely rapid transformation in the past decade of the food retail sector, embodied in the rapid spread of supermarkets, in East and Southeast Asia and Latin America-the emerging markets of the Pacific Rim region. As the supermarket sector develops, leading chains are rapidly adopting technological, organizational, and institutional changes in their product-procurement systems. These changes alter the market that farmers face and have the potential to substantially transform the nature, composition, and volume of trade in the region. These trends in turn present both opportunities and challenges for development that require careful program and policy attention. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26754 |
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| Hernandez, Ricardo; Reardon, Thomas; Berdegue, Julio A.. |
| The paper shows that in a comparison between supermarket channels (working via dedicated wholesalers) and traditional channels, farmers selling to supermarkets tend to be in the upper-end of the "small farmer" category (whereas the traditional-channel growers are in the smaller end), have more capital (in particular, irrigation, which allows them to supply all year and attain greater productivity and consistency), and be much more specialized in commercial horticulture in general and in tomatoes in particular, as compared to the traditional farmers. While they have higher yields, they also have higher input use, including use of chemicals, and these greater input expenditures (accompanied by more credit and technical assistance from the chemical companies)... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11771 |
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| Berdegue, Julio A.; Reardon, Thomas; Balsevich, Fernando; Martinez, Anabel; Medina, Ruben; Aguirre, Marx; Echanove, Flavia. |
| This paper analyzes the participation of small farmers in the fresh fruit and vegetable supply systems of supermarkets in Mexico, using the case of small-scale guava farmers in the state of Michoacán. Three findings emerge. (1) The most important determinant of access of these farmers to more modern markets is their territorial (spatial) context and the way in which those territories interact with different markets, followed by fixed capital assets. Farm size, education and participation in organizations are not significant determinants. (2) Farmers working in the more modern markets compared to those in the traditional markets, are labor-constrained and overuse chemical inputs to a lesser extent. (3) Farmers that have accessed the more modern market... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11474 |
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