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| Registros recuperados: 45 | |
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| Yano, Yuki; Blandford, David; Surry, Yves R.. |
| The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard program (RFS), which involves mandates for various biofuels, is complex and has been often misinterpreted or oversimplified in previous studies. In this paper we analyze the implications of the RFS for the U.S. domestic and international ethanol markets. We demonstrate the vital role of the advanced biofuel mandate within the RFS. Impacts of changes in tariffs on imported fuel ethanol and subsidies for U.S. domestic ethanol production are examined. One of our important findings is that the RFS could result in serious misallocation of resources in both a national and international context. There is a possibility that the United States could be required to import sugarcane-based ethanol to meet the advanced biofuel mandate,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Trade liberalization; Renewable Fuel Standard; Mandate; Subsidies; Industrial Organization; F13; Q18; Q42; Q48. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91832 |
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| Blandford, David. |
| The signing of the Uruguay Round agreement on agriculture (URAA) in 1994 was a significant step towards the liberalization of world agricultural trade. A new round of negotiations on agriculture is scheduled to begin under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) at the end of 1999. This paper discusses the likely agenda of those negotiations and their implications for agriculture in the northeastern United States. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31288 |
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| Tellioglu, Isin; Bailey, Kenneth W.; Blandford, David. |
| A methodology for dairy product component tariff and price calculation is developed and applied to various products. Since the majority of dairy products are imported for their ingredients, component tariffs need to be considered in evaluating the protection provided by the tariff structure rather than tariffs on end products as listed in the HTS schedule. The results of the Uruguay Round tariffication of dairy products for the United States indicate that implied milk fat and protein AVE's vary substantially among and within product groups. Different tariffs applied to finished products may have unintended impacts on economic incentives due to their impact on the relative prices of imported milk components. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21322 |
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| Pajic, Mirjana; Blandford, David; Bailey, Kenneth W.. |
| The objective of this study is to measure the impact of proposed Doha Round tariff reductions on the global dairy industry and dairy policy. We examine how proposed tariff reductions affect global trade and prices, and the implications for the European Union and the United States. Since international market conditions can vary, we examine the implications of liberalization under two sets of market conditions. The first corresponds to the year 2004 in which there was a global surplus of dairy products. In that year import protection ensured that U.S prices of dairy products were above world prices. The second corresponds to 2007, when dairy products globally were in short supply and U.S. domestic prices were at or below world prices. We show that proposed... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48085 |
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| Abbott, Philip C.; Johnston, Brian G.; Blandford, David; Kilkenny, Maureen; Bochniarz, Henryka; Magiera, Stephen L.; Dixit, Praveen M.; McGregor, Robert M.; Frohberg, Klaus; Robinson, Sherman; Hickenbotham, Terry L.; Roningen, Vernon O.; House, Robert M.. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1988 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49873 |
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| Hill, Berkeley; Blandford, David. |
| This document was prepared by David Blandford, Penn State University and Berkeley Hill, London University. It is based on results from a research project funded by the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture entitled "Policy Reform and Agricultural Adjustment" under a Cooperative Agreement with the Pennsylvania State University (No. 43-3AEK-3-80047). Additional funding was provided by the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC). Under the project, there was an international workshop at Imperial College, London in October 2003 and an IATRC symposium in Philadelphia in June 2004. The studies that are used as the basis of this paper are contained in an edited volume to be published by CABI Publishing (Blandford... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14572 |
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| Tellioglu, Isin; Bailey, Kenneth W.; Blandford, David. |
| The majority of the dairy products imported by the United States are intermediate products used in food processing. As such, they are demanded for their components such as milk fat and protein. The implications of the U.S. tariff structure for import demand must be viewed in terms of the tariff's effects upon the relative prices of imported milk components. In this article we examine the implications of the current tariff structure and proposed changes under the Doha Round of international trade negotiations at the World Trade Organization. We show that implicit ad valorem equivalent tariffs (AVEs) on components vary substantially under the current tariff schedule. Proposed changes under the Doha Round would lead to not only a reduction in the level of... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Doha Round; Milk components; Tariff structure; United States; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9240 |
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| Blandford, David; Hill, Berkeley. |
| Substantial structural change is taking place in EU agriculture. Average farm size is increasing and labour is continuing to move out of the sector. Slow growth in food demand and the effects of technological change on supply are likely to exert downward pressure on real agricultural prices. Within this context, policies at the EU and national levels will have mixed effects on economic adaptation and structural change. There is considerable uncertainty about the long-run viability of the so-called European model of agriculture, particularly given the intensification of pressures for change through economic globalisation. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Structure; Policy; EU; Globalization; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24555 |
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| Hill, Berkeley; Blandford, David. |
| The social attributes that agriculture is assumed to provide in its multifunctional role are analysed. Links with structural characteristics are examined and questions raised on the extent to which these are dependent on sustaining the present structure of EU agriculture. The nature of an efficient policy to provide these attributes is explored, with pointers for the next round of rural development policy. Our conclusion is that non-agricultural policies may be far more significant to the supply of social attributes than those conventionally seen as agricultural and rural developmental, suggesting that general community regeneration policies and "rural proofing" of general policies will be important for the future. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Social attributes; Sustainability; Rural development; CAP; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24684 |
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| Blandford, David. |
| The impact of domestic support on trade is likely to become an increasingly important issue in the WTO negotiations on agriculture. Domestic support expenditures are increasing and existing disciplines on forms and levels of support are weak. While a shift from market price support to output subsidies should be less trade distorting, such support may not be minimally distorting as required under the so-called green-box criteria. Proposals submitted by WTO members could further expand permissible support measures and weaken disciplines on their use. In some cases, most notably support provided in pursuit of environmental objectives, there may be a contradiction between the aims of support measures and the requirement that these should be minimally trade... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Domestic support; Green box; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23857 |
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| Blandford, David. |
| This paper focuses on the compatibility of U.S. agri-environmental programs with the Green Box provisions of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (AoA). If a new WTO agreement is concluded under the current Doha round of negotiations, it is likely that the amount of payments that can be provided to farmers under the Amber and Blue box categories will be reduced. As a result, greater attention will be directed to the use of the Green Box, which is unlikely to be subject to such a requirement. Payments under the Green Box are supposed to generate no or minimal distortions in production or trade. Those made under environmental programs are restricted to providing compensation for the additional costs incurred or income foregone in meeting program... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14598 |
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| Blandford, David. |
| The elements of a new agreement relating to domestic support for agriculture are set out in the WTO Framework document of July 2004. This introduces the concept of the Overall Trade Distorting Support (OTDS), which is to be disciplined and subject to reduction. In addition, some of the individual components of the OTDS will be subject to minimum required reductions and other elements will be capped. The caps and reduction percentages will define each country's future "entitlement" to Amber and Blue Box support. A base period OTDS will be calculated as the sum of the current bound Total Aggregate Measure of Support (TAMS), resulting from the Uruguay Round Agreement, plus an allowance for product specific and non-product specific de minimis, plus an... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14571 |
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| Registros recuperados: 45 | |
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