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| Bode, Sven; Michaelowa, Axel. |
| As part of the international climate negotiations there is a lot of discussion about methodologies for quantifying emission reductions of greenhouse gas reduction projects (baseline discussion) and about granting emission reduction credits only to projects that are additional (Investment Additionality discussion). So far this discussion has been fairly general and has not systematically analysed the impacts on investor decisions. We analyse these impacts for the case of renewable energies and show that the approaches under discussion can all give perverse incentives to invest at unfavourable sites. Thus, higher CO2 abatement costs than without any crediting system might be realised resulting in inefficiencies in climate policy. To overcome this problem we... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26197 |
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| Bode, Sven; Jung, Martina. |
| As GHG emissions did not decline as anticipated early of the 1990ties Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) recently gained more and more attention as a climate change mitigation option. However, CO2 suppressed in geological reservoirs is likely to lead to future releases of the CO2 stored. This "non-permanence" must be considered if an environmentally sound policy is desired. Against this background, the present article analyses a potential integration of CCS in the international climate regime. It is based on existing rules and modalities regarding non-permanence of sequestration in the Land use, Land-use change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector. Interestingly, the experience from LULUCF has almost completely been neglected during the discussion on CCS. We argue... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage; Permanence; Sequestration; LULUCF; Climate Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q38; Q48. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26279 |
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| Butzengeiger, Sonja; Betz, Regina; Bode, Sven. |
| Art. 17 of the Kyoto Protocol defines International Emissions Trading exclusively on country level, sub-national entities like industrial installations or households are not included initially. However, there are some arguments for such an expansion, of which the most important ones are a significant increase of the overall efficiency of the trading system as well as an increase of market liquidity. In the first part of this paper, the options for an inclusion of sub-national entities are analysed, concluding that AAUs should not be allocated to participants directly. Instead, there are several options how those entities can be included in International Emissions Trading as defined in the Kyoto-Protocol in an indirect way. The second part of the paper... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26153 |
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| Bode, Sven; Jung, Martina. |
| Prior to CoP 10, our discussion paper "On the Integration of Carbon Capture and Storage into the International Climate Regime" argued that carbon capture and storage (CCS) was similar to carbon sequestration in the area of Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). This was criticized by several readers who observed that treating CCS as a removal activity (sink) would not be compatible with the UNFCCC sink definition, what we already had mentioned in the paper. The present paper is based on the UNFCCC definition and analyses how CCS could be integrated into the climate regime. As CO2 may re-enter the atmosphere after injection into geological reservoirs, the question of long-term liability has to be considered. Apart from this aspect, additional... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage; CDM; Climate Change; UNFCCC; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q40. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26131 |
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| Bode, Sven; Hubl, Lothar; Schaffner, Joey; Twelemann, Sven. |
| Die EU-Richtlinie 2003/87/EG zur Einführung eines europaweiten Emissionshandelssystems überlässt die Verteilung der sog. Emissionsberechtigungen an die Emittenten den einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten. In Deutschland wird diese Allokation im Zuteilungsgesetz 2007 (ZuG 2007) festgelegt, welche zahlreiche Sonderregeln enthält. Der vorliegende Report untersucht für ausgewählte Regelungen des Zuteilungsgesetzes 2007, welche ökologischen Effekte ausgelöst werden und ob es zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen in der Stromerzeugung kommt. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Übertragungsregel (§10 ZuG 2007) auf gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene keinen ökologischen Nutzen stiftet und den Wettbewerb zwischen vorhandenen Betreibern fossil befeuerter Anlagen und Neuanbietern deutlich verzerrt. Die... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
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| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26104 |
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| Dietrich, Lars; Bode, Sven. |
| Die Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid in großen, immobilen Industrieanlagen mit anschließender Ablagerung in geologischen Formationen gewinnt in jüngster Zeit in der Diskussion um Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Der Bau von Pilotanlagen ist inzwischen auch für Deutschland angekündigt worden. Diese neue Technik birgt dabei grundsätzlich die Gefahr von Wiederaustritten des abgeschiedenen und verpressten CO2 in die Atmosphäre. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht das vorliegende Papier ausgewählte ordnungsrechtliche Aspekte sowie ökonomische Implikationen im Rahmen des EU-Emissionshandels. Die Analyse zeigt, dass derartige Anlagen mit einer Ausnahme zur Zeit keinem dem Gefahrenpotential entsprechenden Genehmigungsverfahren... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: CO2-Abscheidung; CO2-Ablagerung; Emissionshandel; CCS; CAA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q40. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26203 |
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