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| Bolling, H. Christine. |
| The increased level of market integration in the processed food industry through trade, foreign direct investment, and the expanded use of intellectual property rights are an observed phenomenon of the past three decades. Measurement of market integration is problematic, and the role of FDI in market integration has not been adequately taken into consideration. This study measures the growth in the market shares of multinationals in selected countries and industries to indicate the degree of market integration. We also employ a market share convergence type model to estimate whether the market shares of the multinationals and domestically owned firms in key markets have converged to some steady state during the years 1991 to 2003. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Processed food industry; Global integration; Market shares; Argentina; Brazil; U.S.; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20269 |
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| Doan, Darcie; Goldstein, Andrew; Zahniser, Steven; Vollrath, Thomas L.; Bolling, H. Christine. |
| This paper surveys the economic literature about North American integration in the agri-food sector. The purpose of this survey is two-fold: it summarizes the lessons learned, and it identifies areas where further research could provide valuable input into policy discussions. As the integration of North American agriculture progresses, the range of agri-food policies with strictly domestic effects becomes increasingly narrow. Thus, policymakers in North America need to consider the effects that their decisions will have on other NAFTA countries, as well as the impact that decisions by other NAFTA governments will have at home. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 identifies the major factors contributing to integration and comments on their... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16730 |
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| Blayney, Donald P.; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Bolling, H. Christine; Jones, Keithly G.; Langley, Suchada V.; Normile, Mary Anne; Somwaru, Agapi. |
| Current dynamics in world dairy markets and the potential for global and domestic trade policy reform are bringing the U.S. dairy sector to a new crossroads as it faces competitive forces from outside its borders. Those forces—demand for new products by consumers in industrialized countries, changes in technology, rapid economic growth in emerging developing countries, particularly in Asia, and the increasing role of multinational firms in domestic and global dairy markets—are leading to increased dairy consumption, more opportunities for dairy product trade, and foreign direct investment benefiting both U.S. consumers and producers. As global demand for milk and new dairy products expands, the roles of policies that support prices are diminishing, while... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International dairy markets; Dairy trade; Dairy policy; Tariffs; Production quotas; Foreign direct investment; Cheese; Butter; Dry milk powders; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7209 |
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| Makki, Shiva S.; Somwaru, Agapi; Bolling, H. Christine. |
| This paper analyzes the determinants of foreign direct investments by the U.S. food processing industry in developed and developing countries. We find that market size, per capita income, openness of the economy, inflation rate, and exchange rate significantly affect U.S. food processing firms' decisions to invest abroad, but their influence differs between developed and developing countries. Per capita income, which is an indicator of economic development, is positively associated with FDI in developing countries, but negatively associated with FDI in developed countries. Foreign affiliate sales and exports are generally found to be substitutes in developed countries and complements in developing countries. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22035 |
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| Makki, Shiva S.; Somwaru, Agapi; Bolling, H. Christine. |
| This paper analyzes the determinants of foreign direct investments by the U.S. food-processing industry in developed and developing countries. We find that market size, per-capita income, and trade openness significantly affect U.S. food-processing firms' decisions to invest abroad, but their influence differs between developed and developing countries. Economic development is positively associated with FDI in developing countries but negatively associated in developed countries. Market size is a major determinant of FDI only in developed economies. Trade openness seems to be important for sales by U.S. foreign affiliates in both developed and developing countries and for exports to developed country markets. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27558 |
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| Bolling, H. Christine; Somwaru, Agapi; Kruse, Jamie Brown. |
| This study applies the concept of a dynamic dominant-firm oligopoly model to the international soybean market. It has been suggested that the international soybean market should be viewed as an oligopoly among exporting nations. Consistent with Gaskins (1971) dynamic dominant firm model, our results indicate that the current U.S. loan deficiency-payment prices and their predecessors created an environment in which smaller (fringe) exporters could prosper and expand. The reduction of U.S. market share is thus a logical outcome of an "optimally managed decline" a la Gaskins. The study finds U.S. market share to decline at a reducing rate and predicts U.S. market share eventually to stabilize, given the expanding international market for soybeans and... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20698 |
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