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| Registros recuperados: 35 | |
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| Islam, Q.; Mullen, John D.; Brennan, John P.; Li, G.D.; Helyar, K.R.; Jones, Randall E.. |
| Acid and acidifying soils occur extensively in Australia. Currently, some 90 million hectares of agricultural land in Australia is considered to be acidic and around 35 million hectares are considered to be highly acidic which is both a serious agricultural and environmental problem. The nature, impact, and causes of soil acidification vary across Australia, as do farming systems and the institutional and socioeconomic issues relating to land management. In high-rainfall areas of south-eastern Australia, managing acid soils is particularly difficult in permanent pasture systems. In this paper, an economic analysis is made of the results of a long-term trial (MASTER – Managing Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations) aimed at developing a sustainable... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Soil acidity/pH/amelioration/farming/rotations/gross margin/stocking rates; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123818 |
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| Smale, Melinda; Meng, Erika C.H.; Brennan, John P.; Hu, Ruifa. |
| Spatial diversity indicators may serve policymakers as they seek to manage crop genetic diversity and externalities associated with diffusion of some genetically modified crops. This paper adapts ecological indices of spatial diversity to area distributions of modern wheat varieties in contrasting production systems of Australia and China. The variation in three concepts of spatial diversity—richness, abundance, and evenness—is explained using Zellner’s seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). Determinants of wheat diversity differ by concept, but include variety traits other than yield potential, environmental factors, and policies affecting the supply of varieties, research spill-ins, and market liberalization. |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123732 |
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| Meng, Erika C.H.; Smale, Melinda; Ruifa, Hu; Brennan, John P.; Godden, David P.. |
| In recent years, output on genetic diversity in the economic literature has included conceptual pieces on the definition and measurement of crop genetic diversity, methodologies for estimating its value, and efforts to analyze its contribution to productivity and stability. However, because biological diversity refers in general to a broad area of scientific inquiry, the growing quantity of literature has also generated some confusion over the definition, measurement, and interpretation of genetic diversity in the context of economic analysis. This paper addresses some of the measurement issues encountered in incorporating genetic diversity into economic analysis by presenting a synthesis of several of the relevant concepts and tools. Using data collected... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Genetic/diversity/wheat/variety/measurement; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124089 |
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| Brennan, John P.; Thorne, Fiona S.; Kelly, Paul W.; Murray, Gordon M.. |
| In determining the economic impact of a possible outbreak of the quarantinable wheat disease Karnal Bunt, an examination was made of the detailed components of the costs involved. The costs were classified as: (a) Direct costs (yield and quality losses); (b) Reaction costs (export bans, quality down-grading, seed industry costs); and (c) Control costs (quarantine zones, fungicides, spore destruction). The relative importance of each of these cost components is measured for a hypothetical outbreak of Karnal Bunt in the European Union, as a means of ensuring that the policy responses to such an outbreak are appropriate considering the costs involved. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Disease; Quarantine; Cost; Wheat; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58382 |
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| Brennan, John P.; Quade, Kathryn J.. |
| It is notoriously difficult to assess the economic value of research aimed at improving research capacity, particularly in enhancing human capital. In this paper, a framework is developed and an analysis is undertaken of the value of training for scientists in wheat rust resistance in India. The value of the training is assessed through marginal analysis of the improvement in the level of disease resistence flowing from the increased capacity. On that basis, the value of programs to build human capacity through training or further education can be estimated. While such estimates need to be highly qualified, they provide a basis for quantifying the value of R&D capacity building. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Capacity building; Training; Economic; Rust; Wheat; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58379 |
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| Brennan, John P.; Bialowas, Adam. |
| A study was made of the changes from 1965 to 1997 in wheat varieties grown in selected shires representing farming systems across NSW. The eight shires examined were Wagga, Temora, Cowra, Carrathool, Lachlan, Coonabarabran, Gunnedah and Narrabri. In each shire, approximately 8-10 varieties were grown each year. Generally, three of those varieties were grown on a substantial proportion of the area; the minor varieties were either new varieties in the process of being built up to their peak adoption or older varieties in the stage of being replaced. In southern shires, there has been a tendency to reduce the number of varieties grown, while in the northern shires the number of varieties grown has increased since 1965. The progress of breeders in developing... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28003 |
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| Brennan, John P.; Martin, Peter J.; Mullen, John D.. |
| The Wagga wheat breeding program has been operating for over 100 years. In that time, it has released a flow of new wheat varieties for wheat growers in south-eastern Australia. Those varieties have led to increases in both yields and grain quality. The average annual rate of yield improvement in NSW has been 3.2% compared to the average for Australia of 2.4% with a significant proportion of these productivity gains arising from new varieties. In this analysis, the investment in that program from 1980 to 2003 has been evaluated. Given the lags inherent in wheat breeding investments, the benefits from those investments are being measured from 1993 to 2020. The broad structure of the program has remained relatively stable for most of the period since 1980.... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27997 |
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| Singh, Rajinder Pal; Brennan, John P.; Farrell, Tim; Williams, Robert L.; Rienke, Russell; Lewin, Laurie; Mullen, John D.. |
| The occurrence of low night temperatures during reproductive development is one of the factors most limiting rice yields in southern Australia. Yield losses due to cold temperature are the result of incomplete pollen formation and subsequent floret sterility. Researchers have found that in 75% of years, rice farmers suffer losses between 0.5 and 2.5 t/ha. Research is being undertaken to identify overseas rice varieties, that are cold tolerant under the local weather conditions and by using those genotypes as parent material, develop cold tolerance varieties of rice. A yield simulation model was used to measure reduction in losses due to cold at different minimum threshold temperatures, while the SAMBOY Rice model was used to measure the costs and returns... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rice; Cold; Yield loss; Breeding; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57925 |
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| Marshall, Graham R.; Brennan, John P.. |
| Use of benefit‐cost analysis for economic comparison of agricultural research projects remains confounded, by lack of rigour in specifying the without‐project scenario and how benefits from an innovation endure after its adoption declines. Failure to account for the without‐project scenario favours projects to the extent that more benefits are foregone than costs avoided. Moreover, it is unreasonable to assume generally that aggregate benefits from an innovation continue at the peak level until the end of a 30–40 year planning horizon. A general BCA model for agricultural research projects is presented to enable flexible handling of these issues. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117389 |
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| Godden, David P.; Brennan, John P.. |
| A comparison was made of increases in British and southern NSW wheat yields associated with genetic improvements. Estimates of these improvements were initially compared in each location using two different techniques. These techniques were a "variety improvement index" and a "vintage yield function". Yield increases "due to" genetic improvements were then compared between countries using both techniques. The variety improvement index technique suggested that there was little overall difference between genetic improvement in wheat in Britain and southern NSW. The vintage yield function technique suggested that the rate of yield increase for all varieties "due to" genetic improvement was markedly inferior in southern NSW. Estimated genetic improvement in... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1994 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12488 |
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| Brennan, John P.; Singh, Rajinder Pal; Singh, Inder Pal. |
| A comprehensive set of potential new feed grains for Australia was evaluated to help establish the options with the highest priorities for research. The cost-reducing impacts of the different options were analysed using a linear-programming model that determined the least-cost feed rations for the different livestock industries. Economic welfare analysis was then used to estimate the size and distribution of the benefits of research from the feed grains quality-improving research. The analysis revealed that there are only limited opportunities to improve the productivity and competitiveness of Australia’s livestock industries by improving the nutritional characteristics of feed grains. |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118595 |
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| Brennan, John P.; Singh, Rajinder Pal; Singh, Inder Pal. |
| Researchers have abundant technical opportunities to select various options for improvement of nutritional characteristics of feed grains. Choosing between those opportunities is a difficult issue for research funding organisations. In this paper, an attempt to address those research resource allocation issues is reported. The approach to use in analysing improvements in the feed quality of grains is discussed. By defining the problem as a cost reduction for the livestock industries, the impact of improvements in grain nutrition can be defined by their impact on the least-cost feed rations for different livestock categories. Using that approach, the benefits of improved feeds can be evaluated, and research priorities can be determined on the basis of which... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Feed grain; Nutrition; Value; Research; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123789 |
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| Brennan, John P.. |
| An evaluation of the contribution of wheat breeding to increasing yields on farms can be accomplished by an examination of the effect on farm production of changes in varieties and other inputs using a production function. Three different means of representing the effect of varietal change in a production function are identified, and the advantages and limitations of these are discussed. An empirical analysis of each is presented for the Mitchell Shire in southern N.S.W. The evidence suggests that the different measures are not highly correlated, so the choice between them can be critical to the results obtained from a full examination in a production function. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1984 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12281 |
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| Brennan, John P.; Godyn, Dirk L.; Johnston, Brian G.. |
| Estimation of the benefits of research using changes in producer and consumer surplus following a research-induced shift in the supply curve provides a useful framework for the analysis of new wheat varieties. However, the framework assumes an homogeneous product, which is not the case for wheat where there are changes in quality as a result of research. This aspect is particularly important where there is a trade-off between quality and yield, as in the case of a higher-yielding, but lower-quality wheat variety. The aim of this paper is to incorporate these quality aspects into an analysis based on a partial equilibrium framework by separating the wheat market into segments based on wheat quality. A change in the type of wheat produced can then be... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1989 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12447 |
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| Registros recuperados: 35 | |
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