| Many algal blooms ("red tides" or "brown tides") may be noxious for finfish, either causing anoxia through decay process, clogging the gills or producing specific toxins. Since the 1970's, records of the incidence of injury and mortality to wild and cultured fish due to toxic phytoplankton have increased. It was even demonstrated that toxic algal blooms are spreading in intensity, geographic distribution and number of algal species involved. Thus, algal blooms are becoming one of the major economic threat to fisheries and fish culture industry. This review deals with the literature available (more than 250 references) on the occurrence of fish kills associated with worldwide algal blooms. Their negative effects on fish that result in economic losses are... |
