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| Cai, Xiaowei; Stiegert, Kyle W.. |
| Cartel operations still exist worldwide despite the recent development and enforcement of antitrust laws in scores of countries that previously had no such legal framework. Since 1990, 283 international cartels were discovered by antitrust authorities around the world (Connor 2003). According to a 1990s' sample of U.S. Department of Justice and European Commission prosecuted cases, the discovered cartels operated in a wide variety of industries such as chemicals, metals, paper products, transportation, communication, food, textiles and services (OECD 2002). Were it not for the efforts to deter cartels by the antitrust agencies, there would likely have been many more such arrangements (Connor 2005). The presence and societal impacts of domestic and... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Cartel; Dissolution; Antitrust; Market Uncertainty; Industrial Organization. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61297 |
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| Schroeter, Christiane; Cai, Xiaowei. |
| Over the past two decades, U.S. food retailers are providing more organic private label foods (PLs) which are directly competing with the National Brand (NB) products. From a policy perspective, an increased availability of high-quality PL products might provide consumers with a more affordable way to cover their produce consumption. Using a two-step Heckman selection model, we estimate the impact of purchase information, demographics, and food environment on the purchasing likelihood and expenditure shares of PL organic vs. conventional spinach. Results show that food context, most notably food availability, access, and adult obesity rate, significantly influences organic PL spinach choice. |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Brand Loyalty; Quality; Private label; Food Environment; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; D12; R23. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123197 |
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| Cai, Xiaowei; Stiegert, Kyle W.. |
| Understanding how business cartels form and expand is foundational for developing sound deterrence strategies. Past work (i.e. Connor, 2005) has relied on net present value (NPV) methods to evaluate the streams of costs and benefits of forming or joining a cartel. While NPV adequately measure the expected value of future streams of benefits and costs, higher moments of the distribution are also important in understanding agent behavior. Thus, in the presence of uncertainty about future streams and litigation costs, NPV may miss important dimensions that shape the issue. The decision to form or join a cartel is, at least, partially irreversible, because it exposes the firm or its involved managers to litigation on all previous returns and even after the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Cartel Joining Behavior; Real Options Theory; International Cartels; Industrial Organization; K21; L00; L12. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61301 |
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