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| Cao, Kay; Johnson, Robin. |
| In an idealised model the costs of capital and maintenance and the resulting flow of income benefits over a period of years enables the analyst to produce computations of present values and internal rates of return that summarise the whole investment process in a micro environment. In approaching an industry investment problem like mandatory hygiene regulations with benefits or costs to other entities involved, identifying the appropriate capital and maintenance costs and the industry and non-industry benefits is a giant task. In this paper, we report an attempt to identify the extra costs involved in the introduction of the regulations where industry recorded data is not available, and an attempt to identify industry and non-industry benefits from... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: HACCP/RMP; Benefit Cost Analysis; Meat; New Zealand; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31976 |
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| Austin, Darran; Cao, Kay; Rys, Gerald. |
| In New Zealand, the demand for nitrogen fertiliser has increased markedly since the early 1980s. Potentially, this trend has significant environmental and climate change implications. While many factors could contribute to this trend, little work has been done to examine the drivers of increased use of nitrogen fertiliser in New Zealand. In this paper, we review the international literature and discuss a theoretical framework for modelling fertiliser demand. Using a national data set, we develop an empirical cointegration model for New Zealand. The results suggest that, in the long run, nitrogen fertiliser use is elastic (2.3) to output prices and unit elastic to its own price. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen fertiliser demand; New Zealand; Cointegration; Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31970 |
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| Cao, Kay; Maurer, Oswin; Scrimgeour, Frank G.. |
| In New Zealand, the Animal Products Act 1999 requires all animal product processing businesses to have a HACCP-based risk management program by the end of 2002. This paper attempts to measure the effects of such regulation on the variable cost of production of the New Zealand seafood industry. Using the framework developed by Antle (2000), a model of quality-adjusted translog cost function is estimated using census of production data from 1929 to 1998. Our results show that variable costs could increase from 2% to 22% or from 2 cents to 19 cents per kilogram. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: HACCP; Compliance costs; Seafood; Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57840 |
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| Cao, Kay; Scrimgeour, Frank G.. |
| In New Zealand, the Animal Products Act 1999 requires that all animal product primary processing businesses must have a risk management programme (RMP) based on the principles of Hazards Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). However, due to market access requirements, many primary food exporters have voluntarily adopted HACCP systems for food safety management since the 1990s. This paper studies the process of HACCP/RMP adoption and the transition from voluntary HACCP to mandatory RMP in New Zealand Meat Industry. The main issues explored are plants' motivations, implementation problems, costs and benefits associated with the implementation of HACCP/RMP. The paper concludes with implications for policy design and further research. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: HACCP/RMP implementation; HACCP/RMP benefits and costs; New Zealand Meat Industry; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58391 |
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