SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Salvatici, Luca; Cipollina, Maria.

In the international trade literature there seems to be some confusion between "openness" and "protection" measures. The aim of this paper is to bring together the "state of the art" in quantifying trade policy measures, so we focus on the extent of the protection granted by policies rather than on the degree of openness of the economy. Given the huge size of literature dealing with these issues, we limit our review as follows. On the one hand, we focus on trade policies implemented at the border: accordingly, we do not consider all the other possible public interventions influencing trade flows. On the other hand, we take into account only indexes explicitly adopting a metric expressed in a "scalar aggregate" (tariff- and quota-equivalent measures, or an...

Palavras-chave: Protection; Tariff and Non-Tariff barriers; Tariff and Non-Tariff measures.; International Relations/Trade; F13; F19.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18876

Trade preference index

Building on the work by Anderson and Neary on theoretically grounded trade policy indexes, we define an aggregate measure (Mercantilistic trade preference index – MTPI) of the trade preferential margins. The MTPI provides a method of aggregation that is consistent with a common objective of the preferential policies, since it focuses on the volume of exports. We compute the bilateral MTPIs for the preferences granted by the European Union to 162 exporters to assess how the market access granted by the EU preferential trade agreements does differ across sectors and countries.

EU and developing countries: an analysis of preferential margins on agricultural trade flows

Palavras-chave: International agricultural trade; Protection; Tariffs; Agricultural and Food Policy; F13; Q17.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115422

The paper provides an analysis of the impact on trade of EU preferences in the agricultural sector. An explicit measure of the intensity of preference margins at the 6-digit tariff line level it is used. Moreover, the estimation framework takes into account the heterogeneity across exporters and products, as well as the potential selection bias implied by the presence of zero-trade flows. Preferences for agricultural products granted by the EU in 2004 are modeled by performing several regressions in order to compare the impact on different exporting countries and to highlight the contribution of different commodity groups. Even if the results confirm an overall positive impact of preferences on trade, significant differences emerge across products and...

Reciprocal Trade Agreements in Gravity Models: A Meta-analysis

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7219

Over the time a large number of reciprocal preferential trade agreements (RTAs) have been concluded among countries. Recently many studies have used gravity equations in order to estimate the effect of RTAs on trade flows between partners. These studies report very different estimates since they differ greatly in data sets, sample sizes and independent variables used in the analysis. So, what is the "true" impact of RTAs? This paper combines, explains and summarizes a large number of results (1827 estimates included in 85 papers), using a meta-analysis (MA) approach. Notwithstanding quite a high variability, studies consistently find a positive RTAs impact on bilateral trade: the hypothesis that there is no effect of trade agreements on trade is easily and...

Trade impact of EU preferences

Palavras-chave: Free trade agreements; Gravity equation; Meta-regression analysis; Publication bias; International Relations/Trade; C10; F10.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18877

This chapter assesses the impact on trade of European Union (EU) trade policies, using a gravity model based on disaggregated trade flows from 169 developing countries (DC) to 25 EU member countries. It uses a sample selection framework to account for potential selection bias in positive trade flows and provides an explicit measure for relative preference margins. The results serve to debunk some of the most widespread criticisms of preferential policies: EU preferences matter, and have a positive impact on developing countries’ exports at the intensive margin, and an ambiguous impact at the extensive margin with significant differences across sectors.