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| Pardey, Philip G.; Craig, Barbara J.; Hallaway, Michelle L.. |
| Using newly developed time series on U.S. public sector agricultural research expenditures, two new deflators for agricultural research are constructed. These deflators differ from others currently used in the literature in that factor level price indices are weighted with time varying weights which capture the shifting factor mix of research spending by the state agricultural experiment stations (SAES). The substantial differences in measuring real resource allocation to agricultural research using these deflators and alternatives found in the literature, including that used by the National Science Foundation to report official R&D statistics, are demonstrated. In addition, the factor level expenditure series are used to contrast measurement of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1987 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13675 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Craig, Barbara J.; Pardey, Philip G.. |
| Econometric studies of the effects of research on productivity have typically imposed arbitrary restrictions on the length and shape of the R&D on productivity and the estimated rate of return to research. This paper argues that the useful stock of public knowledge depreciates, if at all, only gradually, and we use this notion to develop a new model, which we test using data on aggregate U.S. agriculture. We reject the conventional specification in favor of a more flexible, dynamic, alternative model, in which the impact of R&D on productivity lasts much longer than in previous studies. Consequently, the real, marginal rate of return to public agricultural R&D in the United States is estimated to be less than 10 percent per annum, much smaller... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16102 |
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| Pardey, Philip G.; Craig, Barbara J.. |
| Allocative decisions concerning public sector agricultural research appear to be driven by both supply and, politically mediated, demand forces. In-sample Granger and Modified Sim's tests, along with post-sample predictive tests, suggest that simultaneity issues should not be ignored when modelling the research expenditure-output relationship. The results also provide strong evidence that the impact of research expenditures on agricultural output persists for at least 30 years. These lags are substantially longer than those commonly used for agricultural research to date. The lagged effect of output on research appears much shorter, at something less than 10 years. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1987 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13515 |
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| Craig, Barbara J.; Pardey, Philip G.; Roseboom, Johannes. |
| In this paper we present measures of land and labor productivity for a group of 98 developed and developing countries using an entirely new data set with annual observations spanning the past three decades. The substantial cross-country and intertemporal variation in productivity in our sample is linked to both natural and economic factors. We extend previous work by dealing with multiple sources of measurement error in conventional agricultural inputs when accounting for observed differences in productivity. In addition to the mix of conventional inputs in agriculture, we find that indicators of quality change in these inputs and the amount of publicly provided infrastructure are significant in explaining cross-sectional differences in productivity... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 1994 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14470 |
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