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Registros recuperados: 33
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The Implications of the Resource Management Act to Property Rights in Agriculture Land Use in New Zealand AgEcon
Gan, Christopher E.C.; Cullen, Ross.
The Resource Management Act 1991 sets new standards for environmental regulations in New Zealand. The emphasis of the legislation is on property rights and market solutions. This paper is concerned with the limits to market solutions in the presence of externalities and potentially high transaction costs.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12360
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Factors influencing adoption of agroforestry among smallholder farmers in Zambia AgEcon
Kabwe, Gillian; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
Agroforestry technologies have been extensively researched and introduced to smallholder farmers in Zambia for over two decades. Despite the research and extension effort over this period, not many farmers have adopted these technologies. The purpose of this paper is to determine why agroforestry technologies are not being taken up by examining factors that influence the adoption of agroforestry practices. Based on data obtained from 388 farming households, statistical analysis show an association between adoption of both improved fallows and biomass transfer technologies with knowledge of the technology, availability of seed, and having the appropriate skills. In addition some household characteristics are found to be linked to the incidence of adoption....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agroforestry adoption; Smallholder farmers; Limitations to adoption; Chi-square tests of independence analysis; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97135
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An Emergent Economics of Ecosystem Management AgEcon
Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D..
Economics is an evolving and emerging field of study, so is the management of ecosystems. As such, this paper delineates the co-evolution of economic evaluation that reflects the various recognized ecosystem management approaches of anticipative, adaptive and capacitive ecosystem management. Each management approach is critiqued and from this theoretical analysis an emergent approach for the management of ecosystem is put forward, which accordingly suggests an alternative methodological approach for economic evaluations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Complexity; Creativity; Economic evaluation; Ecosystem management; Evolution; Open systems; Rationality; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31957
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Public Perceptions of New Zealand's Environment AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Kerr, Geoffrey N..
Beginning in 2000 Lincoln University has completed biennial surveys of people's perceptions of the state of the New Zealand environment. The surveys use the Pressure-State-Response framework for state of the environment reporting to assess resources such as air quality, native plants and animals, native forest and bush, soils, beaches and coastal waters, marine fisheries, marine reserves, freshwaters, national parks, wetlands, urban environments, and the natural environment compared to other developed nations. They also examine participation in environmentally friendly activities, the most important environmental issues facing New Zealanders and a range of other issues. Individual case studies are also undertaken: in 2000 natural hazards; in 2002 the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Public perceptions; Environment; Survey; New Zealand; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31958
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The Sustainability and Cost-Effectiveness of Water Storage Projects on Canterbury Rivers: The Opihi River Case AgEcon
Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Cullen, Ross.
There is an increasing demand for water resources in the Canterbury region. The impact of this demand has lead to unacceptable minimum river flows, which has resulted in adverse affects to river ecology. In an effort to resolve this problem water storage projects have gained considerable attention. However, in order to consider all values of the impact of water storage projects, a systematic way of implementing an ecosystem services approach is developed. This ecosystem services approach coupled with various appropriate analytical methods are developed for the purposes of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of water storage projects and the sustainability of river systems impacted by water storage projects. For the purposes of evaluating the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cost utility analysis; Ecosystem services; Ecosystem services index; Indicators; Sustainability; Water storage projects; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97265
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Potential economic impacts of providing for Aquaculture Management Areas in Canterbury AgEcon
Meyer-Hubbert, Gerit; Cullen, Ross.
This research estimates the commercial costs and benefits associated with selected aquaculture projects in the Canterbury region. Mussel farming employment will most likely be generated in coastal communities that at present have few employment opportunities. These communities are likely to profit as well from increased infrastructure needs for the marine farming enterprise. Any development in the marine farming industry will take many years to reach full potential. This means that the costs and benefits from increased marine farming activities will be staggered over a number of years. It is acknowledged that the gains might be achieved at different locations than the losses occur. The effects on other stakeholders are often uncertain.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Mussel farming; Economic impact; Scenarios; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97787
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New Zealand freshwater management and agricultural impacts AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Kerr, Geoffrey N..
In New Zealand, it is increasingly recognised, including by government, that water resource allocation and water quality are issues of national importance. Agriculture is frequently portrayed by public media as a major user of water and a major contributor to worsening water quality. We outline the water management systems in New Zealand, and the use of water by agriculture. Official reports on agriculture’s impact on New Zealand water availability and quality are summarised. We report how the New Zealand public perceive water, its management, and the roles of agriculture in water issues. Data from a nationwide mail survey were analysed to determine how New Zealanders assess the state of New Zealand lakes, rivers and streams, and aquifers, the performance...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environmental economics; Perceptions survey; Water allocation; Water quality; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116965
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Priorities for, and preferred approaches to, management of New Zealand fresh waters AgEcon
Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Kerr, Geoffrey N.; Cullen, Ross; Shen, Fujun.
Since 2000 six standardised biennial public surveys of the state of the New Zealand environment have been undertaken. A fresh water case study was included in the 2010 postal survey and in an electronic survey. Desirable futures for New Zealand's fresh water resources, sources of damage to freshwater, preferred management approaches, and views about charges for commercial uses of water are reported. Respondents desire high quality water, are not prepared to trade that off for damaging economic gains, and support charges for commercial uses of water. We report public preferences for tools to manage water use.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Public perceptions; Fresh water; New Zealand; Economic instruments; Management; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96943
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Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of Yellow-Eyed Penguin conservation measures AgEcon
Busch, Jonah; Cullen, Ross.
Although an estimated US$6 billion is invested annually in our planet’s biological diversity, little research has been conducted on which conservation treatments work best or provide best value for money. Conserving biodiversity efficiently depends on identifying conservation treatments which provide greatest return on investment. Where controlled experiments are not possible, panel econometric techniques can be used to determine the effectiveness of conservation treatments. A long-running Yellow-Eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) nest count in New Zealand presents a golden opportunity to compare the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of three commonly used conservation treatments—trapping of introduced predators, revegetation, and intensive management....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6012
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Valuing agricultural externalities in Canterbury rivers and streams AgEcon
Tait, Peter R.; Cullen, Ross; Bicknell, Kathryn.
Water quality and quantity concerns in Canterbury are intrinsically related to agriculture. Monetary values for impacts on streams and rivers is lacking in policy debate. This paper employs choice modelling to estimate values of three impacts on rivers and streams in Canterbury associated with agriculture: health risks of E coli from animal waste, ecological effects of excess nutrients, and low-flow impacts of irrigation. This study provides a valuation of outcomes for public policy implemented in Canterbury such as The Dairy and Clean Streams Accord, Living Streams, and The Restorative Programme for Lowland Streams.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Non-market-valuation; Choice experiment; Agricultural externalities; New Zealand; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96445
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Public perceptions – issues in where we want rural New Zealand to head in the 21st Century AgEcon
Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Cullen, Ross; Kerr, Geoffrey N..
The ongoing biennial environmental perceptions survey has been used to consider issues when setting future directions for rural New Zealand in the 21st Century. The overall state of the environment is very good, although freshwater rates the lowest of all resources considered. At a more local level there is considerable concern about lowland streams, rivers and lakes. Farming is increasingly blamed for damaging freshwater and a range of other resources. There are important demographic differences. Those employed in resource based industries are much more positive about specific water resources than are others – anglers are more pessimistic. New Zealanders want an improved future for the rural environment and are willing to contribute. Achieving...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Perception surveys; Rural futures; Issues; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96447
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Financing threatened species management: the costs of single species programmes and the budget constraint AgEcon
Moran, Emma; Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D..
In New Zealand total annual funding allows 15 percent of the 2,400 threatened species to be targeted for management. Although management costs are crucial to a conservation organisation's ability to achieve its goals, estimates of costs are not usually included in applications for funding or the preparation of recovery plans. Cost is also not generally a factor in priority ranking systems and cost-effectiveness analysis is rarely conducted. Using the results of analysis of 11 single species programmes for 2003-2012, this paper investigates the costs of management. It also considers the impact of the budget constraint on outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and investment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Threatened species; Management; Cost; Budget constraint; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98498
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Using involvement to understand responses to biosecurity AgEcon
Bewsell, Denise; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
The effectiveness of biosecurity measures at national borders is influenced by the behaviour and levels of involvement of travellers. Involvement is the importance or relevance of an object or situation to an individual. Involvement helps regulate the way in which people receive and process information and thus influences the extent of information searching for decision making, and information processing and persuasion. In this study, we drew on the concept of involvement to investigate the response of individuals to New Zealand biosecurity requirements. A range of people associated with the agricultural and food processing sectors were surveyed using a five item scale of involvement to measure their level of involvement in biosecurity. The results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Behaviour; Involvement; Biosecurity; Travellers; Information processing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97134
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Preliminary Investigation Into The Benefits From Investments In Environmental Research: Case Studies on Water Clarity/Quality and The Biological Management of Possums AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Meyer-Hubbert, Gerit; Bicknell, Kathryn; Meister, Anton D.; Smallman, Clive; Su-Wuen, Ong.
MoRST is performing an evaluation of the funds invested in environmental research. The two case studies discussed in this paper contribute to the ongoing decision-making about this investment. Substantial funds have been invested in both research programmes identified. Because the main benefits associated with research output are environmental, they are difficult to value monetarily. Preliminary analysis suggests that at a discount rate of 6%, annual future benefit flows of $7 - $10 million will justify the water quality/clarity research. The expenditure on possum biocontrol will be justified if the research generates an annual future benefit flow of $20 million.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cost benefit analysis; Returns to research; Environmental research; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97788
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Determinants of Forestry Investment and Extent of Forestry Expansion by Smallholders in New Zealand AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
While there has been a large increase in investment in plantation forestry in New Zealand by smallholders during the past decade, there are still many smallholders who have chosen not to become involved in this land use or who are using only a portion of their potentially planted land for forestry. To understand why this is the case, this paper studies two issues, the differences between those who have and have not established plantation forests, and the factors that explain the proportion of land used in forestry by small landholders who have identified that they have potentially plantable land. Land used for forest plantations is treated as a two-step decision process, where first a landowner must decide whether they would consider planting trees at...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Forestry investment; Land use change; Non-industrial forests; Double hurdle model; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50016
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Poverty Alleviation or Aggravation? The Impacts of Community Forestry Policies in Nepal AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
This research studies the effects on income and employment when externally imposed policies constrain use of common forest resources. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, the study examines the impacts of conservation-oriented community forest policies in Nepal on three household income groups. The results show that current community forest policies, which direct forest use towards environment conservation and timber production, cause large reductions in employment and income of the poorest households and largely explain the recent increase in rural poverty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Policy; Poverty; Nepal; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25576
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Alternative to Comprehensive Ecosystem Services Markets: The Contribution of Forest-Related Programs in New Zealand AgEcon
Bhatta, Arun; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
Due to the public goods characteristics of many ecosystem services and their vital importance to human welfare, various mechanisms have been put in place to motivate private landowners in the provision of ecosystem services. A common approach is to try to develop a comprehensive ecosystem services market where landowners can receive payments from beneficiaries of ecosystem services. Much research has been directed at developing methods for valuing the range of ecosystem services so that they can be incorporated into ecosystem services markets. However, valuation methods are difficult, expensive and time consuming. Other approaches to the provision of ecosystem services such as payments for ecosystem services usually focus on a single service like water or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services market; Spill-over effect; Cost-effectiveness; New Zealand; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115350
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Investments in Environmental Research, Science and Technology: Their Impacts on Irrigation and Mussel Farming AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Meyer-Hubbert, Gerit; Bicknell, Kathryn; Meister, Anton D.; Smallman, Clive; Su-Wuen, Ong.
MoRST is evaluating the Environmental Research output class of the Public Good Science Fund to identify inter alia the impacts of Environmental RS&T spending. Three specific questions are: How effective has the funding on Environmental RS&T been? Is Environmental RS&T having a positive effect by delivering real benefits to New Zealand, particularly to the environment? What influences the link between research and tangible positive benefits? This paper reports how case studies applied to irrigated agriculture and mussel farming were used to provide partial answers to these three questions. The case studies proceed by noting the possible benefits that Environmental RS&T may have created, and then tracing the link back to specific research...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Environmental RS&T; Benefits; Irrigation; Agriculture; Mussel farming; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97783
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Addressing the wicked problem of water resource management: An ecosystem services approach AgEcon
Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Tompkins, Jean-Marie; Cullen, Ross.
This paper develops a systematic assessment of the sustainability of ecosystem services provided by rivers impacted by water storage projects. Given the conflicting preferences amongst stakeholders and the incomplete, uncertain and contradictory understanding about river ecology it is recognized that managing water resources sustainably is a wicked problem. In order to address this wicked problem, the methods of multi-criteria analysis and graph analysis are applied, in accordance with integrated water resource management, to assess the potential of investing in water storage projects and explore for sustainable solutions through the construction of an ecosystem services index.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Ecosystem services index; Graph analysis; Integrated water resource management; Multi-criteria analysis; Sustainability; Wicked problems; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q27; Q51; Q58; Q57.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100556
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Values of Ecosystem Services on Arable Land and the Role of Organic Farming AgEcon
Takatsuka, Yuki; Cullen, Ross; Wilson, Matthew; Wratten, Steve D..
Nationwide mail surveys implemented in November 2004 report New Zealand residents‟ willingness to pay for improvement in ecosystem services and support for organic farming on arable land. The surveys were split into two subsets: Canterbury, which is the region with most arable farming in the nation, and the other New Zealand regions. Analysis of the data reveals that Canterbury residents‟ willingness to pay for reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from arable farming is greater than their willingness to pay for improvement in water quality, while it is the opposite for residents in other regions. In addition, residents‟ willingness to fund an organic farming project that enhances certain ecosystem services is analyzed. The results provide insights for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Management; Organic Farming; Arable Farming; Choice Modeling.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98523
Registros recuperados: 33
Primeira ... 12 ... Última
 

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