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| Eaton, Derek J.F.; Kalaugher, Electra; Bijman, Jos. |
| Policy issues related to plant genetic resources are socially, technically and scientifically complex. This report summarises the international agreements and relevant bodies con-cerning plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), FAO Global Plan of Action on Plant Genetic Resources (GPA), the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (IT-PGRFA), the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and the International Con-vention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). The various obligations arising from these conventions and treaties are reviewed. In so doing, this... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29132 |
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| Eaton, Derek J.F.; Tripp, Robert; Louwaars, Niels P.. |
| This paper analyzes the effect of intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes on the plant breeding sector in developing countries. Most of these countries have implemented a system of plant variety protection (PVP), or are in the process of doing so, generally as part of their obligations under the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This paper presents the results of research on the initial effects of IPRs on the plant breeding sector in five case study countries (China, Colombia, India, Kenya and Uganda). Three of the countries have PVP systems in place and the other two are in the process of either developing or implementing legislation. But the ease of implementing PVP seems to have... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; L3; O3; Q16. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25455 |
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| Achterbosch, Thom J.; Allbritton, Amanda; Quang, Dang Viet; Eaton, Derek J.F.; de Jager, Andre; Meijerink, Gerdien W.; Njue, Evelyn; Ssonko, Robinah; Stallen, Marcel; Wertheim-Heck, Sigrid; van Wijk, Siebe. |
| There is increasing insight into how household poverty in rural and peri-urban areas is affected by developments in the markets for fruit, vegetables and flowers. This study extends the knowledge, and feeds into the debate on agricultural growth policies. Based on a positive outlook on the growth of horticultural production and distribution and marketing in the low income countries of Uganda and Vietnam, this paper asks whether poor and vulnerable groups in society share in the benefits of the foreseen economic expansion. Primary survey data is collected on the differentiated position of low-income households in different supply structures (with varying levels of vertical coordination) and markets (national, regional and international markets). The data... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7908 |
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| Eaton, Derek J.F.; Bourgeois, J.; Achterbosch, Thom J.. |
| This report examines the possibility of giving preferential treatment to imports of meat products that meet improved standards in terms of animal welfare in production. Three specific forms of preferential treatment are considered here as possible measures for increasing levels of animal welfare in meat production in the EU and its exporting partners: labelling of products (either voluntary or compulsory), differentiated import tariffs and differentiated consumer taxes. The likely admissibility of such measures under WTO rules is assessed by means of an analysis of previous decisions by WTO dispute settlement panels. It is concluded that all of the measures analysed have a possibility of being upheld, based on a defence relying on Article XX of the GATT... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29123 |
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| Kuiper, Marijke H.; Meijerink, Gerdien W.; Eaton, Derek J.F.. |
| A concentration of poor in rural areas has resulted in a research and policy focus on agricultural technologies and (poor) households impact on soil productivity. But farm households do not live of farming alone, non-farm activities play a principal role even in remote areas. With a unique household-level dataset covering seven regions in Africa and two in Asia we analyze (1) the importance of non-farm income in different geographical zones; (2) the role of geographical factors in determining access to non-farm employment; (3) the role of non-farm income in external input use and soil nitrogen balances. Distinguishing geographical zones based on the distance to urban areas we find the share of non-farm income increasing from 12 percent in the remote areas... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Off-farm income; Rural development; Micro-economics; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; D1; J43; Q24. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25442 |
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| Eaton, Derek J.F.. |
| Soil erosion is widely considered to be a serious threat to the long-term viability of agriculture in many parts of the world. The problem is particularly serious in certain developing countries. This paper examines key factors affecting smallholder farmers, decisions about soil depletion and conservation. The analysis focuses exclusively on the on-site productivity losses due to soil erosion in an attempt to understand farmer behaviour, thus ignoring any externality effects or off-site costs. The physical processes of soil erosion are described and its economic effects are reviewed, drawing on theoretical and empirical studies to date. Contrary to arguments that farmers are not aware of the extent and effects of erosion, an economic rationale for them to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24134 |
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| Eaton, Derek J.F.; Meijerink, Gerdien W.; Bijman, Jos; Belt, John. |
| Institutional innovations are increasingly seen as key to achieving not only agricultural growth, by overcoming market failures, but also to ensure that poor smallholders also benefit from this process. This paper analyses institutional arrangements for vegetable marketing in East Africa from a transaction cost perspective. Marketing of vegetables is still dominated by spot markets with some, but still limited, movement towards farmers' engaging collectively in contract farming through producers' organisations. It appears that little is understood concerning how farmers and traders have overcome transaction costs in such situations, and this area deserves increased attention. An understanding of how institutional change occurs is necessary if donor... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7921 |
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