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Heterogeneity Index of Trade and Actual Heterogeneity Index – the case of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides AgEcon
Burnquist, Heloisa Lee; Shutes, Karl; Rau, Marie-Luise; Souza, Mauricio Jorge Pinto de; Faria, Rosane Nunes de.
Non-tariff measures (NTMs) beyond traditional trade policy instruments define the requirements that importing countries imposed on foreign products. Due to differences across countries, requirements for supplying foreign markets can lead to trade costs and thus hamper international trade. In this paper, we introduce two regulatory heterogeneity indexes which are subsequently applied to the case maximum residue levels (MRLs) of pesticides. The Heterogeneity Index of Trade (HIT) reflects the respective differences across countries based on the assumption that the mere fact of difference in requirements causes trade costs. Taking the HIT index as a starting point, the Actual Heterogeneity Index (AHI) specially considers the situation where the requirements...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Non-tariff measures (NTMs); Maximum residue levels (MRLs); Regulatory heterogeneity index; Agri-food trade; Index analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103742
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Efeitos da imposição de barreiras técnicas e fitossanitárias nas exportações brasileiras de mamão AgEcon
Faria, Rosane Nunes de; Lirio, Viviani Silva; Silva, Orlando Monteiro da; Lima, Joao Eustaquio de.
The main objective of this paper was to identify technical and sanitary requirements that could be qualified as export barriers for the Brazilian papaya and to quantify their effects on the volume exported to the United States of America. The methodology consisted of both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative information collected by means of interviews with producers and exporters were analyzed with the use of frequencies and descriptive statistics. A time series model of transfer function was estimated to analyze the impact of technical and sanitary barriers upon Brazilian papaya exports. Through the qualitative analysis it was possible to identify five technical and sanitary requirements that could be qualified as export barriers. Due to...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Technical barriers; Sanitary requirements; Papaya; Transfer function model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56735
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Análise do grau de restritividade de exigências técnicas às exportações brasileiras AgEcon
Faria, Rosane Nunes de; Burnquist, Heloisa Lee.
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate to what degree technical requirements restrict Brazilian exports, based on a survey applied to 77 firms. The variables represented six types of technical measures that are usually imposed upon exported products. To facilitate the interpretation of the results, factorial analysis was used to reduce the number of variables involved. This allowed the construction of two indicators of the degree of restrictiveness of the technical barriers focused by the study. These were an indicator of requirements of technical specification (ITS) and an indicator for information and label requirements (IIL). Descriptive statistics and paired t test showed that the firms surveyed considered the ITS more restrictive to their...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Technical requirements; Survey; Brazilian exports; Restrictiveness indicators; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55176
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