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| Reardon, Thomas; Farina, Elizabeth Maria Mercier Querido. |
| Over the past decade, the private sector has rapidly built up an array of private food standards to assure quality and safety in a fiercely competitive market. These private standards have sometimes been to fill in for missing public standards, especially for safety, and to differentiate products and build reputation, for both quality and safety. Moreover, private standards are increasingly related to meta-management systems assuring both quality and safety at all levels of a chain, enforcing and certifying the implementation of process standards. The privatization of standards has been important for both buyers and suppliers in the chain. They tend to be formulated and imposed by buyers (retailers and processors), and are key to their cost control and... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34455 |
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| Farina, Elizabeth Maria Mercier Querido; Viegas, Claudia Assuncao Dos Santos. |
| This work investigates the increased share of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Brazilian food industry. In addition to conferring on Brazil the important role of attracting FDI to Mercosur (the Southern Common Market), this flow of investment has caused importance changes in the Brazilian industrial organization. Increases in competition, new strategies and changes in the number of employees in the industry are a few of the more remarkable results. The main objective of this work is to investigate the reasons of entry, encountered mainly in the characteristics of the Brazilian market, and the impacts on the local industry, and to signal the long-run effects of these recent changes. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34525 |
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| Mainville, Denise Y.; Reardon, Thomas; Farina, Elizabeth Maria Mercier Querido. |
| Worldwide, the emergence of large supermarket chains in food retail markets is often associated with the marginalization of smaller retailers. A notable exception exists in Brazil, however, where small retailers have held their place in the market and recently even gained ground. The literature investigating how retail concentration has affected agrifood chains has focused activities of the largest retail chains, implicitly holding the scale, scope and specialization of retailers’ input needs constant, and overlooking the influence of these factors on retailers’ procurement strategies. This paper tests hypotheses regarding these variables’ effects on retailers’ fresh produce procurement strategies. Data is drawn from a survey of retailers in metropolitan... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Scale; Scope; Specialization; Procurement strategy; Fresh produce; Retail; Political Economy; L22. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61282 |
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| Conejero, Marco Antonio; Farina, Elizabeth Maria Mercier Querido. |
| The Protocol resulting from the 1997 Conference of Parties in Kyoto finally set emission caps for several developed countries and introduced the possibility of market creation mechanisms on carbon emission trading. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was then created for emission trading between countries with caps and those with no caps. The CDM market will pursue the opportunities for lowest costs on carbon reductions available in each country with no emission target, as is the case of Brazil. The positive differentials of Brazil will only be realized if there is, mainly in national terms, a favorable atmosphere to the development of new business and the proper importance to the environmental commitments of reduction of the greenhouse effect. The... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34415 |
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| Monterio, G.F.A.; Farina, Elizabeth Maria Mercier Querido; Nunes, R.. |
| The paper analyzes competition among supermarkets in Brazil. In contrast to part of the economic literature which suggests that the fast growth of big supermarket chains would destroy independent, medium and small supermarkets, the paper argues that big supermarket chains can coexist with different formats of independent food retailing. As a result, competition in food retail is complex and cannot be described as a simple Darwinian process of market concentration. The analysis is divided in two parts. In the first part, the competition between hypermarkets and supermarkets is examined. Evidences for the district of Sao Paulo, Brazil, suggest that these retailers form separate markets. The second part is focused on neighborhood supermarkets. The results... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food retail; Supermarkets; Differentiation; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44199 |
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| Farina, Elizabeth Maria Mercier Querido. |
| This paper examines how the Brazilian food industry has been heavily affected by several recent institutional and economic changes. The food industry, including the processing and retail sectors, is part of a broader agribusiness system that conditions corporations strategies, performance, and adoption of adequate governance structures. The Brazilian agroindustrialization process that preceded the formation of the sub-regional free-trade area (Mercosur) and economic liberalization influenced subsequent development of the agribusiness and food system in the Mercosur countries and their investment and trade links to countries outside Mercosur. The article emphasizes business strategies for coping with challenges and opportunities that have arisen from... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34225 |
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