|
|
|
|
|
| Fontana, Marzia. |
| The effects of trade on women vary by socio-economic characteristics, sector and country. This paper assesses how well such effects can be captured by a gendered social accounting matrix (SAM) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. These are applied comparatively to Bangladesh and Zambia to highlight how differences in resource endowments, labor market characteristics and socio-cultural norms shape the way in which trade expansion affects gender inequalities. The paper also compares simulation results to other approaches in the gender-and-economics literature, discusses strengths and limitations of the CGE methodology, and provides suggestions for further research. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16304 |
| |
|
|
| Fontana, Marzia; Wobst, Peter; Dorosh, Paul A.. |
| Trade liberalization in the early 1990s in Bangladesh has enabled the private sector to respond with market-stabilizing inflows of rice and wheat following major production shortfalls. At the same time, easing of restrictions on foreign investment, combined with substantial depreciation of the Taka, have enabled exports of the labor-intensive readymade garment industry to expand significantly. Moreover, recently discovered natural gas resources might be exploited, creating new revenues for the country. A proper assessment of the impact of such policies and economic developments on the poor requires a comprehensive framework to analyze interactions between different sectors, and linkages between macro and micro levels. In this paper we develop a computable... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16307 |
| |
|
|
| Arndt, Channing; Dorosh, Paul A.; Fontana, Marzia; Zohir, Sajjad; El-Said, Moataz; Lungren, Christen. |
| For the past two decades, Bangladesh has enjoyed steady growth in per capita incomes enabling a significant reduction in poverty. An increase in rice productivity, achieved through a combination of improved seeds, increased fertilizer use, and public and private investments in irrigation, played a major role in the increase in incomes. Among the other major factors were a large expansion in textile exports, made possible by changes in world demand, Bangladesh trade liberalization, and macro-economic stability; and increases in workers. remittances. In order to accelerate or even maintain income growth rates and poverty reduction, future policies must be carefully designed to capture the benefits and minimize the risks of international trade and a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16294 |
| |
|
|
| Fontana, Marzia; Wobst, Peter. |
| This working paper documents the construction of a 1993-94 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Bangladesh. 1 The SAM distinguishes 10 agricultural sectors—including two different kinds of rice technology—and 19 manufacturing sectors, out of 43 sectors in total. It also differentiates between twelve socio-economic groups, allowing detailed analysis of household welfare and poverty. The SAM has ten factors of production: one type of capital, one type of land and eight different types of labor which are disaggregated by both level of education and gender. The innovative feature of the SAM is that it separates out female and male labor value-added for each educational level and in each sector of the economy, providing a base for gender-sensitive analyses of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16285 |
| |
|
|
|
