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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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| Larsen, Karin; Foster, Kenneth A.. |
| Technical efficiency and its determinants among organic and conventional farms in Sweden are analyzed for time-period 2000-2002. In addition, we address the issues that arise when comparing performance measures among the two groups of producers (conventional and organic) due differences in their technologies and the potential presence of self-selection in the farmer's choice of using conventional or organic production methods. If the choice of production method is based on, or at least in part based on, the farms expected productivity in organic and conventional farming respectively there is self-selection present that must be considered. We apply an endogenous switching regression model suggested by Lee (1978) to compare efficiency measures between the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Self-selection; Organic farming; Farm Management; O390; Q120. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19219 |
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| Golub, Alla A.; Henderson, Jason R.; Foster, Kenneth A.. |
| This paper explores the dynamics of rural and non-rural job growth to investigate if job growth starts in rural places, making it one of the leading indicators of economic growth. Empirical results provide mixed evidence. The mixed results of the Granger non-causality tests could be sensitive to the non-rural area definition. The relationship between rural job growth and non-rural job growth is not restricted to post-recession periods. Analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data suggests the spillover effects of non-rural growth are larger than the spillover effect of rural growth on non-rural areas. But this positive response of rural growth disappears over time and turns sharply negative. In the long run, "backwash" effects outweigh "spread" effects. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20066 |
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| Poray, Michael C.; Foster, Kenneth A.; Dorfman, Jeffrey H.. |
| Structural change in meat consumption has been the focus of many researchers during the last two decades. In this paper we develop a dynamic linear Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model from a cost function that allows for time varying parameters. This model is consistent with inertia in the parameters of the cost and indirect utility functions. It allows for persistent preferences which may arise from cultural biases, lifestyles, peer pressure, etc. An empirical application is conducted with US meat consumption and price data using a generalized system of flexible least squares, Generalized Flexible Least Squares (GFLS). GFLS allows parameters to evolve slowly over time through incorporating of penalties in fluctuations. Estimated quarterly... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28672 |
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| Roman, Angel Aguiar; Foster, Kenneth A.; Shook, Steve. |
| Softwood lumber trade between the United States and Canada has worldwide attention due to its economic importance and for lengthy dispute. Most studies have focused on welfare effects of the dispute, while few studies have evaluated the question of likeness of product. This study evaluates the substitutability between U.S. and Canadian softwood lumber including other countries' softwood lumber. Price elasticities are derived from the linear approximation of the Almost Ideal Demand System. The results show that softwood lumber imports to the U.S. from various countries are indeed substitutes for U.S. softwood lumber. The Morishima elasticities of substitution indicate that other countries have a higher degree of substitutability than Canadian softwood... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21114 |
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| Ludena, Carlos E.; McNamara, Kevin T.; Hammer, P. Allen; Foster, Kenneth A.. |
| Increased domestic concentration and international competition in the floricultural industry are forcing growers to improve resource management efficiency. Cost management and cost accounting methods are becoming key tools as growers attempt to reduce costs. These tools allow growers to allocate costs for each crop, increasing their greenhouse planning abilities. Growers have a relative high degree of risk due to potential crop and market failure. Individual growers have different tolerance for risk and risk bearing capacity. Growers need a cost accounting system that incorporates production and market risk, a system that allows them to make informed business decisions. The research reported in this paper developed a greenhouse budgeting model that... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21942 |
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| Yap, Crystal; Foster, Kenneth A.; Preckel, Paul V.; Doering, Otto C., III; Richert, Brian T.. |
| Regulatory changes by federal and state agencies portend a switch from nitrogen-based livestock manure disposal policies to phosphorus-based policies. This paper estimates the compliance costs of such a policy change for a hypothetical hog-grain farm in North Central Indiana. The farm includes 1,500 acres of cropland and has the capacity to raise 11,970 grow-finish hogs annually. The farm model also as the potential to produce four different crops on six different land types. A nonlinear math-programming model was developed to determine the optimal mix of management activities for a phosphorus-based regulation. The model allows mitigation of compliance costs via the choice between four different pig diets, three alternative methods of manure disposal,... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Manure management; Pork production; Q18. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42944 |
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| Johnson, C. Scott; Foster, Kenneth A.. |
| Much of the increase use of vertical coordination in the U.S. swine industry has taken place through contract production. While the incidence of contracting is much higher in nontraditional hog production areas, a growing number of Midwestern producers are being faced with contract options. A variety of contractual arrangements are available through feed companies, integrators, genetics firms, and packers. However, little is known about the profitability and risk characteristics of these alternatives. This research suggests that risk neutral producers in the Midwest would prefer independent production, and risk averse producers would prefer to choose among the various types of coordination arrangements. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Stochastic dominance; Risk; Contract production; Swine; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1994 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15166 |
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| Boland, Michael A.; Preckel, Paul V.; Foster, Kenneth A.. |
| Soil phosphorus levels have increased as pork production has become concentrated. Phosphorus-based manure management regulations for land application have been proposed by policy makers. The objective of this study is to determine benefits/costs of adopting two alternatives for reducing phosphorus: synthetic amino acids or phytase. An optimization model is constructed to determine optimal excreted nitrogen and phosphorus from alternative feed ingredients. Results are derived using different manure storage and application systems. While the two alternatives are not least-cost ingredients, they become profitable when producers are constrained by land. An important result is that the net cost of manure is negative. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31206 |
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| Fisher, Monica G.; Foster, Kenneth A.. |
| This paper examines the relationship between annual hours worked and rural residence for a sample of working-age (18-64 years) householders using 1993 Panel Study of Income Dynamics data. The basic question we address is whether and to what extent failure to account for rural residential choice biases the measured effect of rural residence on labor market outcomes. Results from a single equation model that assumes rural residence is exogenous finds no statistically significant relationship between annual hours worked and living in a rural area. By contrast, a simultaneous model that accounts for the possibility that rural residence is a choice indicates that rural people worked 307 hours more than urban people, all else being equal. A Smith-Blundell... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19928 |
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| Li, Ning; Preckel, Paul V.; Foster, Kenneth A.; Schinckel, Allan P.. |
| An approach to the development of the economically optimal dietary concentration of Paylean, duration of the Paylean feeding, and dietary lysine concentration for finishing hog production is presented. A simulation model describing daily growth of hogs under different Paylean and lysine concentration combinations was adapted for optimizing nutrition and marketing when feed is supplemented with Paylean. Net returns per pig space per day under four alternative payment schemes are maximized based on 10-year average price levels and production costs. Profitability of Paylean is investigated, and management strategies for swine production with Paylean are developed for two representative finishing operations. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Paylean®; Actopamine; Swine production; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31097 |
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| Ubilava, David; Foster, Kenneth A.; Lusk, Jayson L.; Nilsson, Tomas K.H.. |
| Consumers' preferences for credence attributes of a product may differ from each other, when facing the choices between branded and/or non-branded products. We test this hypothesis with conditional and mixed logit regression using data obtained by choice experiment surveys. The results suggest that, on average, consumers are willing to pay more for a certification attribute when the product is branded. Additionally, greater variation in consumer willingness-to-pay is observed in the non-branded case. This latter characteristic of the results may represent the increased uncertainty some consumers internalize concerning quality consistency when brand information is not provided. These results have interesting implications for producers, processors,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6194 |
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| Yap, Crystal; Foster, Kenneth A.; Preckel, Paul V.; Doering, Otto C., III. |
| Federal and State regulatory agencies are considering switching from a nitrogen-based manure disposal policy to one that is phosphorus-based. This analysis estimates the compliance costs of this policy change for a representative hog-grain farm in Wabash County, Indiana. The representative farm includes 1,500 acres of cropland and has the capacity to raise 11,970 grow-finish hogs annually. The farm model also has the potential to produce four different crops on six different land types. A non-linear math-programming model was developed for this study to determine the optimal mix of management activities for a phosphorus-based regulation. The model maximizes farm returns above variable costs, subject to resource and regulatory constraints. The model allows... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28642 |
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| Schroeter, Christiane; Foster, Kenneth A.. |
| Over the past few decades, U.S. meat consumption patterns have changed. Food consumption patterns are influenced by changing demographic characteristics, changing lifestyles, increasing health, and nutrition concerns. Prior research suggests that these factors have significant influence on the demand for meat (Capps and Schmitz; Kinnucan, Hsia, and Jackson). By incorporating a demographic and a health information variable in the meat demand system, this study aims to quantify and interpret important non-price determinants of meat demand. Demographic and health information variables might act as demand shifters in the model. Evaluating the effects of changes on meat demand delivers information on the potential existence of structural change in the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20130 |
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| Nilsson, Tomas K.H.; Foster, Kenneth A.. |
| The objective of this paper is to provide insights on the welfare distributional impact on consumer and producer welfare resulting from the development and implementation of a credence certification program in the U.S. pork sector. The certification program can provide various levels of tracking and tracing in the marketing chain. The modeling framework follows that of Nilsson (2005), which encompasses product differentiation and substitution across meat products at the consumer level and across live animal types at the farm level. Processors and retailers have potentially bilateral market power and can supply either or both certified and conventional meat products. One of the key findings is that while as the conventional market contracts and the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19350 |
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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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