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| Gwendolyn Robbins; Veena Tripathy; VN Misra; RK Mohanty; VS Shinde; Kelsey Gray; Malcolm Schug. |
| Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by _Mycobacterium leprae_ that affects almost 500,000 people worldwide^1^. The timing of first infection, geographic origin, and pattern of transmission of the disease are unknown^1-3^. Comparative genomics research has recently suggested _M. leprae_ evolved in East Africa or South Asia before spreading to Europe and the rest of the World^4-5^. The earliest accepted textual evidence indicates that leprosy existed in India by at least 600 B.C. and was known in Europe by 400 B.C.^6-7^. The earliest skeletal evidence was dated 300-200 B.C. in Egypt^8^ and Thailand^9^. Here, we report the presence of lepromatous leprosy in skeletal remains from Balathal, a Chalcolithic site (2300-1550 B.C.) in India^10-11^. A... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2745/version/1 |
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| Gwendolyn Robbins. |
| Hominin body size and shape are key components to reconstructing phylogeny, life history, adaptation, and behavior in ancestral populations^1^. For adults, geometric properties of the femoral midshaft cross-section are used to infer locomotor behavior^2-5^, subsistence practices^6-7^, and functional adaptations^8-10^. Recently research has focused on patterns of compact bone ontogeny, particularly in regard to changes in bone strength with the acquisition of bipedal locomotion^11-13^ and examining population differences in ontogenetic trajectories for subadult humans^14-16^ and Neandertals^16^. Because femoral midshaft geometry is primarily shaped by biomechanical strains-weight bearing, locomotion, and muscle action-ontogenetic research requires estimates... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2468/version/1 |
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