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Ökologischer und konventioneller Landbau im Vergleich: Energieeffizienz Organic Eprints
Chmelikova, Lucie; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
Ein Ziel nachhaltiger Landwirtschaft ist, fossile Energie effizienter zu nutzen. Der ökologische Landbau wird häufig als ein Beitrag zur Verringerung des fossilen Energieeinsatzes und der Treibhausgasemissionen angesehen. Aktuelle Ergebnisse in der Literatur hängen jedoch von den unterschiedlichen Forschungsschwerpunkten ab, bei denen oft unterschiedliche Produkte, Systemgrenzen oder Produktionsintensitäten betrachtet werden. In dieser Studie wurde der Effekt von Anbausystemen (organisch und konventionell) auf die Energieeffizienz und die damit verbundenen Parameter auf drei Ebenen untersucht. Daten aus neuerer Literatur (Feldexperimente) wurden auf Ebene der Fruchtfolge und der Feldkultur (Weizen) ausgewertet. Gleichzeitig wurden Daten von echten...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Policy environments and social economy.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://orgprints.org/36106/1/Beitrag_176_final_a.pdf
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Biogas-Fruchtfolgeversuch Viehhausen - Versuchsanlage und Ertragseffekte auf Winterweizen Organic Eprints
Reents, Hans Jürgen; Kimmelmann, Stefan; Kainz, Max; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
In 2004/05, a field experiment regarding the effect of crop rotations for biogas-production to yield and soil properties was established at the organic experimental station Viehhausen. The different aspect of energy and food production and soil protection of the 5 main crop rotations are explained. The wheat yield 2007-09 was affected by legume percentage in crop rotation, which means partly lower yields but higher protein. The biogas slurry manuring increases the protein content in general but better in rotations with legumes.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions; Crop husbandry.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://orgprints.org/17447/3/Reents_17447.pdf
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Einfluss von Fruchtfolge, Stallmistdüngung und Senfzwischenfrucht auf das Brandsporenpotenzial von Steinbrand- (Tilletia caries) und Zwergsteinbrandsporen (T. controversa) im Boden Organic Eprints
Voit, Benno; Killermann, Berta; Bauermeister, Regula; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
Common and dwarf bunt of wheat are important diseases in ecological farming. High infection levels lead to an increase of the spore potential in soil. 3 and 4 years randomized crop rotation field trials are performed at 3 sites with 4 replicates on naturally infested fields with either T. controversa or T. caries spores with crop rotation links commonly used in organic farming to determine whether it is possible to decrease the spore potential in soil. The influence of stable manure on bunt spores is tested. Brassica species setting free thiocyanate and isothiocyanate compounds after mulching are cultivated to examine the possibility to reduce the spore potential in soil. Soil samples are taken yearly from each plot and common and dwarf bunt spore...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions Composting and manuring Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://orgprints.org/31830/1/Windows%207%20printed%20document-3.pdf
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NEED FOR PHOSPHORUS INPUT IN AUSTRIAN ORGANIC FARMING? Organic Eprints
Friedel, Jürgen K.; Kasper, Martina; Schmid, Harald; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen; Freyer, Bernhard.
On organic farms, phosphorus (P) balances are often negative because no or little P is imported into the farms. Negative P balances may deteriorate P availability over time. We calculated P balances of the main farm production types in organic farming for the main Austrian production areas. Using data from various data bases and expert knowledge, we applied the sustainability assessment tool REPRO for calculations. The P balances were balanced to slightly deficient for organic forage dairy farms, cash crop farms and permanent crop farms, and slightly to highly surplus on organic refinement, pig producing farms. Deficient P balances, mainly on organic cash crop farms, call for P input especially on farms where available P fractions in the soil are very low...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Composting and manuring Recycling; Balancing and resource management Nutrient turnover Air and water emissions.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://orgprints.org/23853/1/23853_Friedel_MM.pdf
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LANDSCAPE AESTHETICS AS AN INDICATOR FOR SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF CROP ROTATIONS Organic Eprints
Hauck, Julia; Wolfrum , Sebastian; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
The goal of this study was to evaluate different crop rotations in terms of landscape aesthetics. Klostergut Scheyern has been used as an example, since its current crop rotation must be changed. Therefore, people living in the neighbourhood of Klostergut Scheyern have been shown photos of each crop at different periods of the year. Additionally, a questionnaire containing quantitative, as well as qualitative questions has been developed. Each crop has got a grade; the best one being 1 up to the worst one being 4. People have been allowed to justify their ranking. Also, the use of agricultural machines has been presented on photos. For each crop, participants could decide whether they liked or disliked the working steps. In summary, all crops have been...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Community development.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://orgprints.org/24097/1/24097LANDSCAPE%20AESTHETICS%20AS%20AN%20INDICATOR%20FOR%20SOCIAL%20SUSTAINABILITY%20OF%20CROP%20ROTATIONS_MM.pdf
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Effekte von Energiepflanzen-Fruchtfolgen und Gärrestdüngung auf den Weizenertrag Organic Eprints
Levin, Karin; Schießl, Anja; Kimmelmann, Stefan; Reents, Hans Jürgen; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
Ein zweifaktorieller Feldversuch (Gärrestdüngung und Fruchtfolge) zur Untersuchung von Fruchtfolgen für die Biogasproduktion wird seit 2004/2005 in Viehhausen bei Freising durchgeführt. Die Düngung mit Biogasgärrest führte zu signifikant höheren Weizenerträgen gegenüber den ungedüngten Parzellen. Die höchsten Weizenerträge wurden in der Fruchtfolge mit dem höchsten Kleeanteil erreicht. Die Steigerung der Weizenerträge zeigt, dass Synergieeffekte zwischen Energie- und Nahrungsmittelproduktion möglich sind.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions; Composting and manuring.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/27188/1/27188_levin.pdf
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Analyse des Energieeinsatzes und der Energieeffizienz bei der Futtererzeugung in der Milchviehhaltung Organic Eprints
Frank, Helmut; Schmid, Harald; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
Fodder production requires the highest energy input in dairy farming. Taking the organic and conventional dairy farms from the project “climate effects of land use systems – evaluations on pilot farms” as an example we analyse the energy input for producing different fodder types and the influence of feeding strategies in Southern Germany. The results show that grazing is the most energy efficient form of feeding, followed by fresh grass and silage. Hay requires the highest energy input per unit forage energy. Maize silage has a lower energy input due to high yields. The higher the part of roughage in the ration the lower is the energy input for production of the ration.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Feeding and growth; Air and water emissions.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://orgprints.org/18229/3/Frank_18229.pdf
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Relation between soil organic matter and yield levels of nonlegume crops in organic and conventional farming systems Organic Eprints
Brock, Christopher; Fließbach, Andreas; Oberholzer, Hans-Rudolf; Schulz, Franz; Wiesinger, Klaus; Reinicke, Frank; Koch, Wernfried; Pallutt, Bernhard; Dittman, Bärbel; Zimmer, Jörg; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen; Leithold, Günter.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between yield levels of nonleguminous crops and soil organic matter (SOM) under the specific conditions of organic and conventional farming, respectively, and to identify implications for SOM management in arable farming considering the farming system (organic vs. conventional). For that purpose, correlations between yield levels of nonlegume crops and actual SOM level (Corg, Nt, Chwe, Nhwe) as well as SOM-level development were examined including primary data from selected treatments of seven long-term field experiments in Germany and Switzerland. Yield levels of nonlegume crops were positively correlated with SOM levels, but the correlation was significant only under conditions of organic farming, and...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Crop husbandry.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://orgprints.org/21782/1/brock-etal-2011-JPlantNutrSoilSci-Vol174-p568-575.pdf
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Leistungen des ökologischen Landbaus für Umwelt und Gesellschaft - Kontext, Zielsetzung und Vorgehen Organic Eprints
Treu, Hanna; Sanders, Jürn; Brinkmann, Jan; Chmelikova, Lucie; Freibauer, Annette; Gattinger, Andreas; Gottwald, Frank; Haager, Daniela; Haub, Almut; Heß, Jürgen; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen; Hupe, Anke; Hoppe, Johanna; Jung, Rüdiger; Kusche, Daniel; Levin, Karin; March, Solveig; Schmidtke, Knut; Stein-Bachinger, Karin; Weckenbrock, Philipp; Wiesinger, Klaus.
Obwohl die Umweltauswirkungen des ökologischen Landbaus wissenschaftlich und politisch allgemein anerkannt sind, gibt es immer noch unterschiedliche Ansichten, wie der Beitrag des ökologischen Landbaus zur Lösung der Umwelt- und Ressourcenprobleme unserer Zeit bewertet werden kann. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt Hintergrund und Inhalt dieser Debatte und beschreibt den Ansatz zur Analyse des aktuellen Forschungsstandes.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Policy environments and social economy; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://orgprints.org/36251/1/Beitrag_328_final_a.pdf
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Modellierung betrieblicher C- und N-Flüsse als Grundlage einer Emissionsin-ventur Organic Eprints
Küstermann, Björn; Wenske, Karl; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
In organic farms, the internal carbon and nitrogen fluxes are of great importance. They are connected with the soil fertility (humus contents, biological activity, and soil struc-ture) and yield potential; some of them may affect the environment. The approach used in the described model software allows quantifying management related and siting dependant C and N fluxes and also the resulting emissions as starting point for an emission inventory from farms.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://orgprints.org/9654/1/9654_K%C3%BCstermann_Vortrag.doc
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Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Beratungskonzeptes zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe Organic Eprints
Griese, Sigrid; Rasch, Harald; Grenz, Jan; Schoch, Michael; Thalmann, Christian; Mainero, Raphael; Stalder, Simon; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen; Schmid, Harald; Wirz, Axel; Obrist, Robert; Fischinger, Stephanie.
In der landwirtschaftlichen Beratung – auch bei Ökobetrieben – werden in der Regel produktionstechnische oder betriebswirtschaftliche Fragestellungen bearbeitet. Eine Beratung, die alle Nachhaltigkeitsdimensionen umfasst und dem Betriebsleiter ein Instrument an die Hand gibt, in dem der Gesamtbetrieb widergespiegelt wird, fehlt bislang. Ziel des noch laufenden Projektes ist die Entwicklung eines Beratungsangebots, mit dem landwirtschaftliche Betriebe wirksam bei einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung unterstützt werden können. Wichtiges Novum ist der Weg der freiwilligen, selbstbestimmten Betriebsentwicklung zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit in Abgrenzung zu von außen kommenden Richtlinien.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Social aspects Education; Extension and communication Environmental aspects Farm nutrient management.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/27133/1/27133_griese.pdf
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Základy půdní úrodnosti Organic Eprints
Berner, Alfred; Böhm, Herwart; Brandhuber, Robert; Braun, Josef; Brede, Uwe; Colling-von Roesgen, Jean-Louis; Demmel, Markus; Dierauer, Hansueli; Doppler, Georg; Ewald, Bernd; Fisel, Thomas; Fließbach, Andreas; Fuchs, Jacques G.; Gattinger, Andreas; Häberli, Hansueli; Heß, Jürgen; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen; Köchli, Martin; Kolbe, Hartmut; Mäder, Paul; Müller, Adrian; Neesen, Peter; Patzel, Nikola; Pfiffner, Lukas; Schmidt, Harald; Weller, Stefan; Wild, Melanie.
Zvyšování půdní úrodnosti bylo pro průkopníky ekologického zemědělství základem veškerého jejich úsilí. Přesto zachování úrodné půdy mnohdy nebyla věnována dostatečná pozornost. Ekologické zemědělství je však na přirozené půdní úrodnosti závislé. Oslabená a poškozená půda nám nemůže poskytnout to, co od ní očekáváme. Udržet úrodnost půdy vyžaduje velkou péči. Předkládaná brožura ukazuje půdní úrodnost z různých úhlů pohledu. Naším záměrem však nebylo vytvořit obecně platný „návod k použití“. Informace mají být mnohem spíše podnětem k tomu, aby se o vztahu člověka k půdě smýšlelo jinak a aby se tento vztah utvářel ve prospěch budoucnosti.
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Soil.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://orgprints.org/24684/1/zaklady%20pudni%20urodnosti%20-%20nahled%2010.pdf
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Klimawirksamkeit und Nachhaltigkeit von bayerischen landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben Organic Eprints
Schmid, Harald; Braun, Michaela; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
Im Projekt Klimawirkungen und Nachhaltigkeit von Landbausystemen werden in verschiedenen Agrarregionen Deutschlands Untersuchungen zu Treibhausgas- (THG)-Emissionen ökologischer und konventioneller Betriebe durchgeführt. Der Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht zu den Stoff- und Energiebilanzen sowie den THG-Emissionen im Pflanzenbau der 20 bayerischen Pilotbetriebe. Es werden methodische Grundlagen und Ergebnisse modellgestützter Analysen dargestellt sowie Strategien zur Emissionsminderung diskutiert. Im ökologischen Pflanzenbau (öko.) wird deutlich weniger fossile Energie eingesetzt (5 bis 11 GJ ha-1 a-1) als im konventionellen Pflanzenbau (kon.), (12 bis 17 GJ ha-1 a-1). Beide Betriebsgruppen erreichen im Mittel etwa die gleiche Energieintensität (öko: 186 MJ...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://orgprints.org/20986/1/Schmid_et_al_2012_Klimawirksamkeit.pdf
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Ursachen für Ertragsunterschiede in Betrieben mit unterschiedlicher Wirtschaftsweise und Betriebsstruktur in zwei Regionen Deutschlands Organic Eprints
Forster, Felix Johannes; Reents, Hans Jürgen; Schmidt, Harald; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
In this study, winter wheat yields of organic and conventional farms with and without livestock in two regions in Germany were examined, with the aim of determining yield differences between the farming systems and possible reasons for these differences. Yields were 85% higher on conventional farms, mainly due to higher nitrogen input and the positive effects of chemical plant protection. The farms in North Rhine-Westphalia achieved higher yields than the farms in Bavaria. Climate was the most important factor, as lower temperatures during winter and higher precipitation during summer in Bavaria probably negatively affected yields. Differences in yield between farms with and without livestock could only be observed for conventional farms. The high...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop husbandry.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/27024/1/27024_forster.pdf
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Anpassung bestehender Methoden zur Abschätzung der Bodenerosion an die Bedingungen des Ökologischen Landbaus Organic Eprints
Siebrecht, Norman; Kainz, Maximilian; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
Dem ökologischen Landbau werden im Vergleich zu konventionellen Systemen häufig geringere Umweltbelastungen zugesprochen. Ein bedeutender Aspekt sind Wirkungen auf Böden und deren Eigenschaften: Untersuchungen belegen höhere Gehalte organischer Substanz, eine verbesserte Struktur und ein vielfältigeres Bodenleben. Auch Hinweise zu reduzierten Bodenabträgen bestehen. Analysen zum Ausmaß der Wirkungen und den Prozessen sind jedoch kaum verfügbar. Bei der Modellierung von Bodenabträgen und der Ableitung von Maßnahmen sind entsprechende Informationen unabdingbar. Auf Basis umfangreicher Recherche wurden im Projekt Ursachen-Wirkungs-Beziehungen zwischen ökologischer Bewirtschaftungsweise und Bodenerosion erarbeitet. Es zeigt sich, dass die Wirkungen nicht auf...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Crop husbandry; Soil.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://orgprints.org/18812/1/18812-06OE256-wzw_tum-kainz-2009-bodenerosion.pdf
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Ökonomische Auswirkungen der Integration einer Biogasanlage in ein ökologisches Marktfruchtbausystem Organic Eprints
Serdjuk, Martina; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
In 2009/10 a field experiment was established at the experimental station Viehhausen to analyze the effects of different farming systems to yield and soil properties. Two of these are organic cash crop systems. A biogas plant is integrated in one of these – called biogas system. The analysis regarding to the economic effects of the biogas plant from the years 2010-2013 show an improvement of the economic results for the biogas system. The reasons are higher cash crop yields because of the manuring with digestate and the profit of the biogas plant.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Farm economics.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/27252/1/27252_serdjuk.pdf
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Indikatoren für die Vitalität von Lumbricus terrestris Populationen – Eine Anwendung von Partial Least Squares Pfadmodellen (PLS-PM) zur Analyse komplexer Zusammenhänge Organic Eprints
Wolfrum, Sebastian; Siebrecht, Norman; Papaja-Hülsbergen, Susanne; Lüscher, Gisela; Jeanneret, Philippe; Arndorfer, Michaela; Friedel, Jürgen K.; Paoletti, Mauricio G.; Kainz, Maximilian; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen; Herzog, Felix.
Information on biodiversity and related population parameters are of key importance for assessing ecosystem services or impacts of management decisions in agriculture. However information on this parameters is often not directly measurable. Indicators are a convenient way to gain information on these variables. Here we present Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) to develop and evaluate complex indicators for biodiversity and related parameters. As an example we use data on Lumbricus terrestris from 76 plots on Bavarian mixed farms to create complex indicators for population viability, management intensity and site potential and model their causal relations.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Indicators and other value-laden measures; Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://orgprints.org/21596/1/21596_wolfrum.pdf
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Bestimmung der Fledermausaktivität in Agroforstsystemen und angrenzenden Habitaten mittels N-mixture Modellen Organic Eprints
Wolfrum, Sebastian; Berninger, Eva; Göcen, Deniz; Huber, Julia; Obermaier, Sabine; Schmid, Harald; Siebrecht, Norman; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
Bat activity in agroforestry systems at the research station Scheyern was analyzed using a N-mixture model approach. Results show low bat activity but provide hints that agroforestry structures can increase bat activity in open agricultural habitats.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://orgprints.org/21633/1/21633_Wolfrum.pdf
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Einfluss der Bewirtschaftung auf Nodulation von Erle und Robinie in Agroforststreifen Organic Eprints
Chmelíková, Lucie; Schmid, Harald; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
Root nodules arise because of symbioses between higher plants and N2-fixing soil bacteria. Legumes and Rhizobium as well as actinorhizal plants and Frankia are known for their symbioses. Nodules of black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were investigated with soil monoliths (30 cm deep and 7 cm in diameter) from agroforestry strips (organic and integrated management). The farming system had significant influence on the nodule number of black alder, but no influence on nodule number of black locust. For further research and evaluation the other nodule traits, soil conditions and root biomass will be used.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions Biodiversity and ecosystem services Ornamentals; Flower bulbs and tree nurseries.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://orgprints.org/31571/1/Einfluss%20der%20Bewirtschaftung%20auf%20Nodulation%20von%20Erle%20und.pdf
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Indicators for the Evaluation of Soil Organic Matter and their Application in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems Organic Eprints
Hoyer, Uta; Reents, Hans-Jürgen; Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen.
In view of the problems caused by soil degradation, it becomes ever more important to estimate the influence of different management systems on soil organic matter (SOM). In the past, a number of indicators characterizing SOM have been elaborated, which, however, do not allow to draw conclusions on separate management measures or even future development tendencies. A promising approach might be humus balancing, which quantifies and evaluates the humus supply of soils on the basis of crop rotation and fertilization. Comparative studies on adjacent arable sites under both organic and conventional management in different climatic regions of Germany have revealed that the indicator soil organic carbon (SOC) depends mainly on the site conditions, whereas...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Soil quality.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://orgprints.org/12506/1/Hoyer_12506_ed.doc
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