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| Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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| 平田, 昌弘; Hirata, Masahiro. |
| The purpose of this paper is to understand 1) the milk processing system which is adopted by the local Quechua peoples, and 2) to analyze the background to make the Quechua peoples accept its technique in the southern Peru, Andean highland. The technique of cheese making by rennet is only diffused in the southern Peru, Andean highland, although the maturation techniques of cheese and other techniques than cheese making have not been adopted. As the background on the only acceptance of the solidifying-additives using series such us the technique to make the non-maturing type cheese, it was considered that 1) the taste are harmonized between salty cheese and the local food mainly based on potato and maize, 2) the adoption of cheese making decrease the labor... |
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Palavras-chave: 乳加工体系; 伝播・変遷; アンデス; 熱帯高地; Milk processing system; Diffusion and transition; Andes; Tropical highland. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3589 |
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| 平田, 昌弘; Hirata, Masahiro. |
| The food intake of agro-pastoralists was surveyed in the hilly high altitude of Ladakh，northern India to understand the characteristics of those subsistence，to discuss their adaptation strategy to high altitude circumstances and to reconsider the pastoralism theory through the case study of transhumance. The characteristics of their food intake are 1) the daily food intake is composed by 5 times such us morning tea，breakfast，lunch， evening tea and dinner，2) they don't take any meat in normal daily life， 3) necessary nutrients are mostly supplied by taking beans，fresh and dry vegetables，milk products and cereals，4) cereals contribute mostly to the nutrient intake，5) the intake of purchased wheat and rice become bigger than self-supplied barley，6) the milk... |
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Palavras-chave: 移牧; 乳製品; 大麦; 豆; 肉; 有限性; 謙虚; 高地適応; Transhumance; Milk products; Barley; Beans; Meat; Limitation; Modesty; Adaptation in hilly high altitude. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3076 |
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| 平田, 昌弘; Hirata, Masahiro. |
| The participant observation and interview on the nomad, “Karnak-pa”, were conducted in September of 2010 and August of 2011 in Karnak, Ladakh district, Jammu and Kashmir Province, north India to understand the seasonal movement of the pastoralist in the Himalayan highland and analyze the characteristics of its strategy. The seasonal movement of Karnak-pa was largely classified into the 2 phases, summer and autumn grazing from late April to middle September/middle October, and winter and spring grazing from middle September/middle October to late April. The target of seasonal movement for grazing during summer and autumn was to get better grass resources, and the time of its movement was influenced by the condition of grass resources. Since grass resources... |
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Palavras-chave: チャンタン; 牧畜; 遊牧; 標高差; 季節移動; Changtang; Pastoralism; Nomadism; Difference of elevation; Seasonal movement. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3590 |
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| 姫野, 友紀子; 平田, 昌弘; 石田, 定顕; 広岡, 博之; Himeno, Yukiko; Hirata, Masahiro; Ishida, Jyoken; Hirooka, Hiroyuki. |
| As the second step to constructing a new method for a series analysis of traditional milk processing system，"groups of milk processing elements" have been classified in this paper. A group of milk processing elements has been defined as one unit possessing a common goal-oriented technique among certain milk processing elements. The purpose for a class-structure analysis for the milk processing elements has been to clarify the central goal-oriented intentions of human beings in regards to milk processing. From the results of analysis，the milk processing elements has been classified into three central groups，namely，"a processing group for the utilization of milk components"，"a processing group for preservation"，and "a processing group for separation". The... |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3184 |
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| 平田, 昌弘; 清田, 麻衣; Hirata, Masahiro; Kiyota, Mai. |
| The milk processing systems of 4 dairy farmers in the hilly terrain of south-central France were surveyed to clarify those characteristics and discuss the transition process of milk processing system in the cold and humid climate condition， of which the origin came from the dry areas of Asian Continent. The characteristics of milk processing system in the south-central France was the specialization for mature cheese making conducted by the technique of solidifying-additives using series. Although the technique of cream separating series had also been used in the region，all 4 dairy farmers don't currently adopt it because of its lower benefit than cheese making. Hence，butter was currently made not from cream， but from whey that was produced in cheese... |
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Palavras-chave: Maturing; Cold and humid climate; Cheese; Milk processing system; Dairy industry. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3073 |
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| 平田, 昌弘; Hirata, Masahiro. |
| The purpose of this study is to review the origin of animal domestication and milking of domesticated animals and then study the transitional history of milk processing techniques in the Eurasian Continent. Pastoralism, one mode of subsistence, was a result of the invention of milking techniques. As the results, human being could have adapted by using animal products with agricultural products to the land where was more disadvantageous to residential environment. In the history of pastoralism, milking has been considered an important factor concerned with the use of animals as a food resource as well as the management, breeding, and selection of livestock. Stable isotope analysis of fatty acids extracted from archaeological vessels revealed that the... |
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Palavras-chave: 起原; 西アジア; 乳加工体系; 牧畜; 冷涼性. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3194 |
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| Hirata, Masahiro; Koga, N; Shinjo, H; Fujita, H; Gintzburger, G; Ishida, J; Miyazaki, A. |
| Field survey and satellite image processing methods were used to estimate the total available forage over an area of 95 034 ha in north-eastern Syria, and to assess grazing impact on the area. The above-ground plant biomass was measured by a quadrat method at three sites in each of eight vegetation classes. Available forage was measured by excluding woody parts of shrubs from the whole aerial plant parts. The total above-ground plant biomass and available forage were estimated by extrapolating the measured point data to the whole target area using classified vegetation data by satellite image processing. Grazing impact was assessed by calculating the differences between the total available forage at the end of growing season and the end of dry season. The... |
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Palavras-chave: Arid rangelands; Growing season; Plant cover; Shrubs. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/709 |
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| 平田, 昌弘; 姫野, 友紀子; 石田, 定顕; 広岡, 博之; Hirata, Masahiro; Himeno, Yukiko; Ishida, Jyoken; Hirooka, Hiroyuki. |
| As the first step to constructing a new method for a series analysis of the traditional milk processing system，"milk processing elements" were proposed in this paper. A milk processing element was defined as a goal-oriented technique used by human beings in milk processing， such as "churning" which is a procedure intended to extract butter by stirring the milk. The conception of this milk processing element is totally different from the milk processing which is used to explain the process in modern milk factory. Twenty-seven milk processing elements have been identified. The meaning of each element has been clarified using data from 33 papers which adequately report milk processing conducted by local livestock holders in each case over Eurasia and Africa.... |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3183 |
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| 平田, 昌弘; Hirata, Masahiro. |
| The preliminary nutritional survey on a D household of “Karnak-pa” nomad was conducted in Changtang area, Ladakh region of north India to understand the situation of food intake by the nomads of which subsistence depend only on livestock keeping, not on crop producing, and analyze its characteristics. The characteristics of food intake in the D household are summarized as the following 9 points. 1) The daily food intake is composed by 5 times such us morning cheese-barley soup named as “Tsam thuk”, breakfast, lunch, evening tea/food and dinner. 2) The energy intake of Karnak-pa nomad was supplied by 39.3 % - 45.0 % from self-sufficient foods and 55.0 % - 60.7 % from purchased foods. Although Karnak-pa nomads don’t engage in any agricultural production... |
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Palavras-chave: 遊牧; 乳製品; 大麦; 豆; 肉; 有限性; 謙虚; 高地適応; Nomadism; Milk products; Barley; Beans; Meat; Limitation; Modesty; Adaptation in high altitude. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3591 |
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| 平田, 昌弘; 石田, 紀郎; Hirata, Masahiro; Ishida, Norio. |
| 中央アジアに位置するトルクメニスタンは、国土の大部分が年間降水量200mm以下であり、農耕地は国土面積のわずか3.3%にしか満たない。農耕地の98.6%は灌漑によっており、カラクム運河の水資源がトルクメニスタンにおける農業活動の生命線となっている。1996年から1998年にかけて、牧草類生産用の農耕地を穀物類栽培に大きく割り当てたこと、そして、穀物類と綿花の収量が向上したことにより、大規模農場による穀物類と綿花の栽培が増加した。一方、独立した個人農民への土地私有権の分配はいまだほとんど進展していない。しかし、トルクメニスタンにおける農作物生産量、農作物収量、家畜飼養頭羽数および畜産物生産量は増加傾向にあり、徐々にではあるが民営化の効果は現れ始めている。土地利用権としての農業用地の農民への還元、農民への優遇政策、基本資材の無料供給、国土面積の狭さからくる流通における利点などが、農民の生産活動に有利に働いた。農耕地拡大と農作物収量の向上とともに、トルクメニスタンにおける農作物生産はこれからも成長を続けるであろう。 The annual rainfall in most parts of Turkmenistan is less than 200 mm，and consequently，cultivated fields comprise only 3.3% of the total land area. The majority of the cultivation，98.6%，makes use of irrigation，and the water supply from the Karakum Canal serves as a vital resource for the cultivation... |
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Palavras-chave: Turkmenistan; Karakum canal; Irrigation; Dry area; Agricultural production. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3203 |
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| 平田, 昌弘; 米田, 佑子; 有賀, 秀子; 内田, 健治; 元島, 英雅; 花田, 正明; 河合, 正人; Hirata, Masahiro; Yoneda, Yuko; Ariga, Hideko; Uchida, Kenji; Motoshima, Hidemasa; Hanada, Masaaki; Kawai, Masahito. |
| The reproduction and identification of ancient dairy products in East Asia were conducted based on "SEIMINYOUJYUTU" which is the order ancient document available in East Asia and contains detailed explanation about milk processing，and then the spread pathway of these milk processing techniques into East Asia was discussed in this paper. As the results of reproduction and identification experiments，RAKU was identified as sour milk，KANRAKU could not be identified，ROKURAKU was identified as unmatured type cheese such as KHOROOT of Mongolian pastoralists and KURUT of Turki pastoralists，and SO was identified as butter and butter oil. Since some imprecise descriptions were found in SEIMINYOUJYUTU through the reproduction experiment，it was considered that... |
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Palavras-chave: Historical document; East Asia; Milk product; Pastoralist; Spread. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3074 |
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| Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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